TY  - JOUR
A1  - Guth, Sabine
A1  - Hüser, Stephanie
A1  - Roth, Angelika
A1  - Degen, Gisela
A1  - Diel, Patrick
A1  - Edlund, Karolina
A1  - Eisenbrand, Gerhard
A1  - Engel, Karl-Heinz
A1  - Epe, Bernd
A1  - Grune, Tilman
A1  - Heinz, Volker
A1  - Henle, Thomas
A1  - Humpf, Hans-Ulrich
A1  - Jäger, Henry
A1  - Joost, Hans-Georg
A1  - Kulling, Sabine E.
A1  - Lampen, Alfonso
A1  - Mally, Angela
A1  - Marchan, Rosemarie
A1  - Marko, Doris
A1  - Mühle, Eva
A1  - Nitsche, Michael A.
A1  - Röhrdanz, Elke
A1  - Stadler, Richard
A1  - van Thriel, Christoph
A1  - Vieths, Stefan
A1  - Vogel, Rudi F.
A1  - Wascher, Edmund
A1  - Watzl, Carsten
A1  - Nöthlings, Ute
A1  - Hengstler, Jan G.
T1  - Contribution to the ongoing discussion on fluoride toxicity
JF  - Archives of Toxicology
N2  - Since the addition of fluoride to drinking water in the 1940s, there have been frequent and sometimes heated discussions regarding its benefits and risks. In a recently published review, we addressed the question if current exposure levels in Europe represent a risk to human health. This review was discussed in an editorial asking why we did not calculate benchmark doses (BMD) of fluoride neurotoxicity for humans. Here, we address the question, why it is problematic to calculate BMDs based on the currently available data. Briefly, the conclusions of the available studies are not homogeneous, reporting negative as well as positive results; moreover, the positive studies lack control of confounding factors such as the influence of well-known neurotoxicants. We also discuss the limitations of several further epidemiological studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria of our review. Finally, it is important to not only focus on epidemiological studies. Rather, risk analysis should consider all available data, including epidemiological, animal, as well as in vitro studies. Despite remaining uncertainties, the totality of evidence does not support the notion that fluoride should be considered a human developmental neurotoxicant at current exposure levels in European countries.
KW  - pharmacology/toxicology
KW  - occupational medicine/industrial medicine
KW  - environmental health
KW  - biomedicine, general
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-307161
SN  - 0340-5761
SN  - 1432-0738
VL  - 95
IS  - 7
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Epe, Bernd
A1  - Häring, Martin
A1  - Ramaiah, Danaboyina
A1  - Stopper, Helga
A1  - Abou-Elzahab, Mohamed M.
A1  - Adam, Waldemar
A1  - Saha-Möller, Chantu R.
T1  - DNA damage induced by furocoumarin hydroperoxides plus UV (360 nm)
N2  - Wben irradiated at 360 nm, furocoumarins with a hydroperoxide group in a side chain effciently give rise to a type of DNA damage that can best be explained by a photoinduced generation of hydroxyl radicals from the excited pbotosensitizers. The observed DNA damage profiles, i.e. the ratios of single-strand breaks, sites of base loss (AP sites) and base modifications sensitive to fonnamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG protein) and endonuclease m, are similar to the DNA damage profile produced by hydroxyl radicals generated by lonizing radiation or by xanthine and xanthine oxidase in the presence of Fe(III)-EDTA. No such damage is observed with the corresponding furocoumarin alcohols or in the absence of near-UV radiation. The damage caused by the photo-excited hydroperoxides is not influenced by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase or by D2O as solvent. The presence of t-butanol, however, reduces both the formation of single-strand breaks and of base odifications sensitive to FPG protein. The cytotoxicity caused by one of the hydroperoxides in L5178Y mome lymphoma cells is found to be dependent on the near-UV irradiation and to be much higher than that of the corresponding alcohol. Therefore the new type of photoinduced damage occurs inside cells. Intercalating photosensitizers with an attached hydroperoxide group might represent a novel and versatile class of DNA damaging agents, e.g. for phototherapy.
KW  - DNS-Schädigung
Y1  - 1993
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86870
ER  -