TY - JOUR A1 - Schwitter, Juerg A1 - Wacker, Christian M. A1 - Wilke, Norbert A1 - Al-Saadi, Nidal A1 - Sauer, Ekkehart A1 - Huettle, Kalman A1 - Schönberg, Stefan O. A1 - Debl, Kurt A1 - Strohm, Oliver A1 - Ahlstrom, Hakan A1 - Dill, Thorsten A1 - Hoebel, Nadja A1 - Simor, Tamas T1 - Superior diagnostic performance of perfusion-cardiovascular magnetic resonance versus SPECT to detect coronary artery disease: The secondary endpoints of the multicenter multivendor MR-IMPACT II (Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Myocardial Perfusion Assessment in Coronary Artery Disease Trial) JF - Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance N2 - Background: Perfusion-cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is generally accepted as an alternative to SPECT to assess myocardial ischemia non-invasively. However its performance vs gated-SPECT and in sub-populations is not fully established. The goal was to compare in a multicenter setting the diagnostic performance of perfusion-CMR and gated-SPECT for the detection of CAD in various populations using conventional x-ray coronary angiography (CXA) as the standard of reference. Methods: In 33 centers (in US and Europe) 533 patients, eligible for CXA or SPECT, were enrolled in this multivendor trial. SPECT and CXA were performed within 4 weeks before or after CMR in all patients. Prevalence of CAD in the sample was 49% and 515 patients received MR contrast medium. Drop-out rates for CMR and SPECT were 5.6% and 3.7%, respectively (ns). The study was powered for the primary endpoint of non-inferiority of CMR vs SPECT for both, sensitivity and specificity for the detection of CAD (using a single-threshold reading), the results for the primary endpoint were reported elsewhere. In this article secondary endpoints are presented, i.e. the diagnostic performance of CMR versus SPECT in subpopulations such as multi-vessel disease (MVD), in men, in women, and in patients without prior myocardial infarction (MI). For diagnostic performance assessment the area under the receiver-operator-characteristics-curve (AUC) was calculated. Readers were blinded versus clinical data, CXA, and imaging results. Results: The diagnostic performance (= area under ROC = AUC) of CMR was superior to SPECT (p = 0.0004, n = 425) and to gated-SPECT (p = 0.018, n = 253). CMR performed better than SPECT in MVD (p = 0.003 vs all SPECT, p = 0.04 vs gated-SPECT), in men (p = 0.004, n = 313) and in women (p = 0.03, n = 112) as well as in the non-infarct patients (p = 0.005, n = 186 in 1-3 vessel disease and p = 0.015, n = 140 in MVD). Conclusion: In this large multicenter, multivendor study the diagnostic performance of perfusion-CMR to detect CAD was superior to perfusion SPECT in the entire population and in sub-groups. Perfusion-CMR can be recommended as an alternative for SPECT imaging. KW - coronary disease KW - perfusion KW - contrast KW - ischemia KW - women KW - emission-computed-tomography KW - noninvasive detection KW - intervention KW - randomized-trial KW - cardiovascular magnetic resonance KW - stress perfusion KW - prognostic value KW - angiography KW - scintigraphy Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134256 VL - 14 IS - 61 ER - TY - THES A1 - Karl, Stefanie Eva T1 - Ein adaptives Verfahren zur Ermittelung der Kontrastwahrnehmungsschwelle mittels Visuell Evozierter Potentiale T1 - An adaptive procedure for estimation of contrast sensitivity function by visual evoked potentials N2 - Einleitung: Visuell evozierte Potenziale (VEP) werden zur objektiven Bestimmung von Wahrnehmungsschwellen (z. B. Kontrastschwellen) eingesetzt. Es wurde ein neu entwickeltes Verfahren getestet, bei dem bereits während der Messung eine Datenanalyse durchgeführt wird, was eine adaptive Anpassung der jeweils folgenden Reizmuster erlaubt. Dieses adaptive Verfahren wurde mit einer nicht-adaptiven VEP-Messung und mit einem psychophysischen Verfahren verglichen. Dabei wurde geprüft, ob das adaptive Verfahren zu einer niedrigeren Schwelle führt und ob es zu einer Zeitersparnis bei der Bestimmung der Schwelle kommt. Methoden: Bei 20 Normalpersonen wurde das VEP auf Schachbrettmuster mit einer mittleren Leuchtdichte von 50 cd/m^2, 3 verschiedenen Karogrößen (Kg = 0,05°, 0,24°, 2,4°) und 8 verschiedenen Kontrasten (0,6%, 1,6%, 2,6%, 5,5%, 11,3%, 23,4%, 48,3%, 100%) abgeleitet. Steady-state VEPs auf Musterumkehrreize (f=8,3Hz) wurden mit einer Oz-Fpz-Anordnung binokular abgeleitet. Die Signifikanz einer Antwort wurde durch das Verhältnis der Fourier- Amplitude der Musterwechselfrequenz (16,6Hz) zum Amplituden-Mittelwert der beiden Nachbarfrequenzen abgeschätzt. Für jede der 3 Karogrößen wurde neben einer nicht-adaptiven Messung mit 40 Durchläufen pro Kontrastbedingung und einer psychophysischen Bestimmung der Kontrastschwelle eine adaptive Messung durchgeführt, bei der die gleiche Gesamtzahl von 320 Durchläufen durch die adaptive Prozedur unterschiedlich auf die 8 Kontrastbedingungen verteilt wurde. Die Kontrastwahrnehmungsschwelle im VEP wurde definiert als die niedrigste Kontraststufe mit signifikanten VEPs Ergebnisse: Bei den psychophysischen Untersuchungen konnte bei der Kg von 0,05° eine gemittelte Schwelle bei 7,8% bestimmt werden. Bei den größeren Karos wurden alle zur Verfügung stehenden Kontraststufen erkannt. Mittels VEP konnten bei 0,05° Kg lediglich bei 25% der Probanden signifikante Amplituden abgeleitet werden, so dass hier keine Schwellenbestimmung für alle Probanden möglich war. Bei einer Karogröße von 2,4° konnte für das nicht-adaptive VEP eine mittlere Kontrastschwelle von 5,59% und für das adaptive VEP eine Schwelle von 3,81% gefunden werden. Bei der Karogröße von 0,24° zeigte sich mit der nicht-adaptiven Prozedur eine mittlere Kontrastschwelle von 8,51% und mit der adaptiven Prozedur eine Schwelle von 3,03%. Die Schwellenwerte des adaptiven VEP-Verfahrens waren signifikant niedriger als die Schwellenwerte des nicht-adaptiven Verfahrens. Diskussion: Durch die psychophysischen Untersuchungen wurde eine niedrigere Kontrastschwelle gemessen als durch eine Bestimmung mit visuell evozierten Potenzialen. In derselben Messzeit konnte mit dem adaptiven Verfahren eine Schwelle gefunden werden, die eher mit der Psychophysik übereinstimmt, verglichen mit dem nicht adaptiven Verfahren. Das adaptive VEP-Verfahren führte den Großteil der Messungen im Schwellenbereich durch. Das daraus resultierende bessere Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis ist für das Absenken der Schwelle verantwortlich. Dieses adaptive Verfahren kann helfen, die objektive Bestimmung von Kontrastschwellen durch visuell evozierte Potenziale in der klinischen Routine zu beschleunigen. N2 - Introduction: Visual evoked potentials (VEP) are used for objective estimation of sensory thresholds (e.g., contrast thresholds). In this study we tested a newly developed electrophysiological procedure, which performs a data analysis during recording and allows to adaptively adjusting the stimulus parameter for the following trials. We compared this procedure with a non-adaptive standard procedure and a psychophysical experiment. We examined whether the adaptive procedure results in a decreased threshold and whether the contrast threshold can be found in a shorter period of time. Methods: 20 normal subjects participated in this experiment. Checkerboard patterns with a mean luminance of 50 cd/m^2, with 3 different check sizes (0.05°, 0.24°, and 2.4°), and with 8 different contrast values (0.6%, 1.6%, 2.6%, 5.5%, 11.3%, 23.4%, 48.3% and 100%) were used as visual stimuli. Steady-state VEPs to pattern reversal stimulation (f=8.3Hz) were recorded binocularly with an Oz-Fpz derivation. The statistical significance of a VEP response was derived from the signal-to-noise ratio of the Fourier magnitude at the reversal frequency (16.6Hz) to the magnitude average at the two neighbouring frequencies. For each of the 3 check sizes a non-adaptive recording was performed with 40 trials per contrast condition. Additionally, a psychophysical procedure and an adaptive recording were performed, where the number of trials for each contrast condition was determined by the adaptive strategy. Results: For the psychophysics we found a threshold of 7.8% for the 0.05° condition. The bigger checkerboards were recognised for all contrasts. No contrast identification was possible for the 0.05° condition as only 25% of the subjects showed significant VEPs. We found a mean contrast threshold for the 2.4° check size of 5.59% with non-adaptive recordings and of 3.81% with the adaptive procedure. We measured a mean contrast threshold for the 0.24° check size of 8.51% with non-adaptive procedure and of 3.03% with the adaptive procedure. The threshold data was significant lower with the adaptive procedure. Discussion: Psychophysics demonstrated a lower contrast threshold as compared with VEP. With the adaptive recording we found a threshold closer to the psychophysics. The new adaptive VEP procedure spent a large portion of the recording time near the contrast threshold for the corresponding check size. This resulted in a better signal-to-noise-ratio, which was responsible for the decreased threshold. Thus the adaptive procedure may help to accelerate the objective estimation of contrast thresholds with visual evoked potentials in the clinical routine. KW - Kontrast KW - VEP KW - visuell evozierte Potentiale KW - Kontrastempfindlichkeit KW - contrast sensitivity KW - visual evoked potentials KW - contrast KW - VEP Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-20837 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westermaier, Thomas A1 - Linsenmann, Thomas A1 - Homola, György A. A1 - Loehr, Mario A1 - Stetter, Christian A1 - Willner, Nadine A1 - Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo A1 - Soymosi, Laszlo A1 - Vince, Giles H. T1 - 3D rotational fluoroscopy for intraoperative clip control in patients with intracranial aneurysms – assessment of feasibility and image quality JF - BMC Medical Imaging N2 - Background Mobile 3D fluoroscopes have become increasingly available in neurosurgical operating rooms. In this series, the image quality and value of intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy with intravenous contrast agent for the evaluation of aneurysm occlusion and vessel patency after clip placement was assessed in patients who underwent surgery for intracranial aneurysms. Materials and methods Twelve patients were included in this retrospective analysis. Prior to surgery, a 360° rotational fluoroscopy scan was performed without contrast agent followed by another scan with 50 ml of intravenous iodine contrast agent. The image files of both scans were transferred to an Apple PowerMac® workstation, subtracted and reconstructed using OsiriX® free software. The procedure was repeated after clip placement. Both image sets were compared for assessment of aneurysm occlusion and vessel patency. Results Image acquisition and contrast administration caused no adverse effects. Image quality was sufficient to follow the patency of the vessels distal to the clip. Metal artifacts reduce the assessability of the immediate vicinity of the clip. Precise image subtraction and post-processing can reduce metal artifacts and make the clip-site assessable and depict larger neck-remnants. Conclusion This technique quickly supplies images at adequate quality to evaluate distal vessel patency after aneurysm clipping. Significant aneurysm remnants may be depicted as well. As it does not require visual control of all vessels that are supposed to be evaluated intraoperatively, this technique may be complementary to other intraoperative tools like indocyanine green videoangiography and micro-Doppler, especially for the assessment of larger aneurysms. At the momentary state of this technology, it cannot replace postoperative conventional angiography. However, 3D fluoroscopy and image post-processing are young technologies. Further technical developments are likely to result in improved image quality. KW - aneurysm surgery KW - clip control KW - angiography KW - 3D fluoroscopy KW - image quality KW - intraoperative KW - vessel patency KW - contrast KW - post-processing Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146381 VL - 16 IS - 30 ER -