TY - JOUR A1 - Goldan, Lea A1 - Jaksztat, Steffen A1 - Gross, Christiane T1 - How does obtaining a permanent employment contract affect the job satisfaction of doctoral graduates inside and outside academia? JF - Higher Education N2 - Previous research has shown that temporary employment is negatively associated with many psychological and job-related outcomes, such as well-being, health, wages, organisational commitment, and job satisfaction. Among recent doctoral graduates, the proportion of temporary contracts is particularly high. However, research on the association between contract type and job satisfaction specifically among doctoral graduates is scarce. Therefore, whether and how obtaining permanent employment affects doctoral graduates’ job satisfaction remains a notable research gap that we intend to narrow by using panel data from a recent doctoral graduation cohort and by adopting a panel research design. We examine what effect obtaining permanent employment has on doctoral graduates’ job satisfaction and whether this effect differs by labour market sector. We use panel data that are representative of the 2014 doctoral graduation cohort in Germany and their career trajectories up to five years after graduation. We apply fixed-effects regression to approximate the within-effect of obtaining a permanent employment contract on job satisfaction. The analyses indicate that obtaining permanent employment increases doctoral graduates’ job satisfaction and that this increase is not driven by time-varying confounders. We also find that doctoral graduates’ labour market sector moderates the effect: the increase in job satisfaction is highest in the academic sector and statistically significantly different from that in the private sector. Overall, this paper offers new insights into the effect of obtaining a permanent contract on the job satisfaction of recent doctoral graduates throughout their first years after graduation, when they are often employed on temporary contracts. KW - permanent employment KW - temporary employment KW - job satisfaction KW - doctoral graduates KW - Germany Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324766 SN - 0018-1560 VL - 86 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gottschlich, Günter T1 - Hieracium rotundatum subsp. silvae-bavaricae, eine neue Hieracium-Sippe aus dem Bayerischen Wald (Deutschland) T1 - Hieracium rotundatum subsp. silvae-bavaricae, a new Hieracium taxon from the Bavarian Forest (Germany) JF - Forum Geobotanicum N2 - Hieracium rotundatum subsp. silvae-bavaricae is described as new for science and illustrated. The new subspecies belongs to a group of species (H. rotundatum, H. transylvanicum) whose main distribution is in the Balkans. The changeful nomenclatural history of the species name is described. Diagnostic features to distinguish the growth habit-similar species H. murorum, H. rotundatum and H. transylvanicum are discussed. Particular attention is drawn to the importance of the development of the basic leaf cycle. Contrary to previous knowledge, the northwestern distribution limit of H.rotundatum extends now to southeastern Bavaria. During the search for H. rotundatum a morphologically conspicuous subspecies of H. rotundatum could be detected, which is described here as new. N2 - Hieracium rotundatum subsp. silvae-bavaricae wird als neu für die Wissenschaft beschrieben und abgebildet. Die neue Unterart gehört zu einem Formenkreis von Arten (H. rotundatum, H. transylvanicum), dessen Hauptverbreitung auf dem Balkan liegt. Die wechselvolle nomenklatorische Geschichte des Artnamens wird nachgezeichnet. Diagnostische Merkmale zur Unterscheidung der in der Wuchsform ähnlichen Arten H. murorum, H. rotundatum und H. transylvanicum werden diskutiert. Dabei wird auf die Bedeutung der Ausbildung des Grundblattzyklus besonders hingewiesen. Entgegen bisheriger Kenntnis reicht die nordwestliche Verbreitungsgrenze von H. rotundatum nun bis Südost-Bayern. Bei der Suche nach H. rotundatum konnte auch eine morphologisch auffällige Unterart von H. rotundatum nachgewiesen werden, die hier als neu beschrieben wird. KW - Germany KW - Bavaria KW - new subspecies KW - Hieracium KW - Habichtskraut KW - Korbblütler Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327145 UR - http://forum-geobotanicum.net/articles/vol_11-2023/Gottschlich_H-silvae-bavaricae_pp8-14/FG---Gottschlich_H-silvae-bavaricae.pdf SN - 1867-9315 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gottschlich, Günter A1 - Drenckhahn, Detlev A1 - Meierott, Lenz A1 - Zonneveld, Ben T1 - Hieracium maculatum subsp. pseudogougetianum, eine neue Unterart aus dem Mainfränkischen Muschelkalkgebiet T1 - Hieracium maculatum subsp. pseudogougetianum, a new subspecies from the Main-Franconian shell-bearing limestone area JF - Forum Geobotanicum N2 - In Lower Franconia/Northern Bavaria, a well-defined subspecies of the Hieracium maculatum group was detected. This subspecies is restricted to the slopes of the Main valley between Würzburg and Hasloch with a hot spot (>90% of total population) between the villages Thüngersheim and Retzbach. Due to some similarities with H. glaucinum subsp. prasiophaeum (synonym: subsp. gougetianum) the subspecies is named H. maculatum subsp. pseudogougetianum. This subspecies grows preferentially on shell-bearing limestone gravels and begins flowering as early as mid-April. Head involucra are whitish hairy mixed with dark stalked glands. The basal leaf rosette consists of ovate to elliptic, toothed to serrate, dark spotted leaves, glabrous, glaucous above. Stems bear 1-3(4) stalked stem leaves and usually form long lateral flowering branches from the leaf axils. Like some other H. maculatum subspecies, H. maculatum subsp. pseudogougetianum is tetraploid with a mean genome weight (2C value) of 14.5 pg, distinguishing it from the H. glaucinum group, whose studied taxa are invariably triploid (mean 10.1 pg). N2 - In Unterfranken/Nordbayern wurde eine gut abgegrenzte Unterart der Hieracium maculatum-Gruppe festgestellt, die auf die Hänge des Maintals zwischen Würzburg und Hasloch beschränkt ist mit einem Hot Spot (>90% des Gesamtbestandes) zwischen den Orten Thüngersheim und Retzbach. Aufgrund einiger Ähnlichkeiten mit H. glaucinum subsp. prasiophaeum (Syn.: subsp. gougetianum) wird die Unterart als H. maculatum subsp. pseudogougetianum beschrieben. Diese Subspecies wächst bevorzugt auf Muschelkalk-Schotter und beginnt bereits Mitte April zu blühen, hat weißlich behaarte Kopfhüllen mit dunklen Stieldrüsen. Die Grundblattrosette besteht aus eiförmigen bis elliptischen, gezähnten bis gesägten, oberseits kahlen, glauken und dunkel gefleckten Blättern. Die Stängel tragen 1-3(4) gestielte Laubblätter und bilden meistens lange blühende Seitenäste aus den Blattachseln. H. maculatum subsp. pseudogougetianum ist wie ein Teil der H. maculatum-Sippen tetraploid mit einem Genomgewicht (2C-Wert) von 14,5 pg und unterscheidet sich damit von der H. glaucinum-Gruppe, deren untersuchte Taxa ausnahmslos triploid sind (10,1 pg). KW - Asteraceae KW - Hieracium maculatum KW - new subspecies KW - Northern Bavaria KW - Germany KW - Korbblütler KW - Habichtskraut KW - Unterart KW - Bayern (Nord) Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327601 UR - http://forum-geobotanicum.net/articles/vol_11-2023/GG-DD-LM-BZ_H-pseudogougetianum_pp15-20/FG---GG-DD-LM-BZ_H-pseudogougetianum.pdf SN - 1867-9315 VL - 11 ER - TY - THES A1 - Reik, Andrea T1 - Grenzüberschreitende Restrukturierungen von Unternehmen T1 - Cross-border restrukturing initiatives N2 - Die Globalisierung der Wirtschaft und die Fortentwicklung des Europäischen Binnenmarktes führen zu einer Steigerung des grenzüberschreitenden Wettbewerbs und rufen bei vielen Gesellschaften das Bedürfnis hervor, sich durch grenzüberschreitende Restrukturierungen den neuen Gegebenheiten anzupassen. Da hierfür bisher gemeinschaftsrechtliche Regelungen fehlen und keine Rechtsangleichungen erfolgt sind, wurzeln entsprechende Maßnahmen in den nationalen Rechtsordnungen. Die zur Durchführung grenzüberschreitender Restrukturierungen notwendigen bilateralen Rechtsuntersuchungen werden in dieser Arbeit ausführlich für die Staaten Deutschland und Frankreich vorgenommen. Es wird geprüft ob und unter welchen Voraussetzungen bereits heute deutsch-französische Sitzverlegungen, Fusionen, Spaltungen und Eingliederungen zulässig sind. Hierzu werden die deutschen und französischen Vorschriften rechtsvergleichend analysiert, die Rechtslage nach beiden Rechtsordnungen dargestellt und deren Zusammenwirken untersucht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass einige deutsch-französische Restrukturierungen unter Berücksichtigung gewisser Bedingungen schon zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt zulässig sind. N2 - Economic globalisation and further developments within the European market have led to an increase in commercial competition across national borders. Many companies feel the need to react to this situation through subsequent re-structuring across geopolitical borders. Since communal regulations have yet to be drawn-up to account for this situation, enterprises are constrained by national legal systems. This monograph investigates extensively the legal implications of cross-border restructuring initiatives between Germany and France, in an effort to clarify the current legal situation. It investigates whether German-French Head Quaters transfers, mergers, split-ups and incorporations are currently possible and, if so, under what conditions. To achieve this, German and French legal regulations have been presented, juxtaposed and analysed for their complements or restrictions. The study shows that bilateral restructuring initiatives between Germany and France are already possible, although they are subject to particular constraints. KW - Deutschland KW - Sitzverlegung KW - Internationales Gesellschaftsrecht KW - Internationale Fusion KW - Gesellschaftsumwandlung KW - Frankreich KW - grenzüberschreitende Restrukturierung KW - Deutschland KW - Frankreich KW - Sitzverlegung KW - Fusion KW - Spaltung KW - Eingliederung KW - cross-border restructuring initiative KW - Germany KW - France KW - headquater transfer KW - merger KW - split-up KW - incorporation Y1 - 2001 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-734 ER - TY - THES A1 - Weigand, Matthias Johann T1 - Fernerkundung und maschinelles Lernen zur Erfassung von urbanem Grün - Eine Analyse am Beispiel der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit in Deutschland T1 - Remote Sensing and Machine Learning to Capture Urban Green – An Analysis Using the Example of Distributive Justice in Germany N2 - Grünflächen stellen einen der wichtigsten Umwelteinflüsse in der Wohnumwelt der Menschen dar. Einerseits wirken sie sich positiv auf die physische und mentale Gesundheit der Menschen aus, andererseits können Grünflächen auch negative Wirkungen anderer Faktoren abmildern, wie beispielsweise die im Laufe des Klimawandels zunehmenden Hitzeereignisse. Dennoch sind Grünflächen nicht für die gesamte Bevölkerung gleichermaßen zugänglich. Bestehende Forschung im Kontext der Umweltgerechtigkeit (UG) konnte bereits aufzeigen, dass unterschiedliche sozio-ökonomische und demographische Gruppen der deutschen Bevölkerung unterschiedlichen Zugriff auf Grünflächen haben. An bestehenden Analysen von Umwelteinflüssen im Kontext der UG wird kritisiert, dass die Auswertung geographischer Daten häufig auf zu stark aggregiertem Level geschieht, wodurch lokal spezifische Expositionen nicht mehr genau abgebildet werden. Dies trifft insbesondere für großflächig angelegte Studien zu. So werden wichtige räumliche Informationen verloren. Doch moderne Erdbeobachtungs- und Geodaten sind so detailliert wie nie und Methoden des maschinellen Lernens ermöglichen die effiziente Verarbeitung zur Ableitung höherwertiger Informationen. Das übergeordnete Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, am Beispiel von Grünflächen in Deutschland methodische Schritte der systematischen Umwandlung umfassender Geodaten in relevante Geoinformationen für die großflächige und hochaufgelöste Analyse von Umwelteigenschaften aufzuzeigen und durchzuführen. An der Schnittstelle der Disziplinen Fernerkundung, Geoinformatik, Sozialgeographie und Umweltgerechtigkeitsforschung sollen Potenziale moderner Methoden für die Verbesserung der räumlichen und semantischen Auflösung von Geoinformationen erforscht werden. Hierfür werden Methoden des maschinellen Lernens eingesetzt, um Landbedeckung und -nutzung auf nationaler Ebene zu erfassen. Diese Entwicklungen sollen dazu beitragen bestehende Datenlücken zu schließen und Aufschluss über die Verteilungsgerechtigkeit von Grünflächen zu bieten. Diese Dissertation gliedert sich in drei konzeptionelle Teilschritte. Im ersten Studienteil werden Erdbeobachtungsdaten der Sentinel-2 Satelliten zur deutschlandweiten Klassifikation von Landbedeckungsinformationen verwendet. In Kombination mit punktuellen Referenzdaten der europaweiten Erfassung für Landbedeckungs- und Landnutzungsinformationen des Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) wird ein maschinelles Lernverfahren trainiert. In diesem Kontext werden verschiedene Vorverarbeitungsschritte der LUCAS-Daten und deren Einfluss auf die Klassifikationsgenauigkeit beleuchtet. Das Klassifikationsverfahren ist in der Lage Landbedeckungsinformationen auch in komplexen urbanen Gebieten mit hoher Genauigkeit abzuleiten. Ein Ergebnis des Studienteils ist eine deutschlandweite Landbedeckungsklassifikation mit einer Gesamtgenauigkeit von 93,07 %, welche im weiteren Verlauf der Arbeit genutzt wird, um grüne Landbedeckung (GLC) räumlich zu quantifizieren. Im zweiten konzeptionellen Teil der Arbeit steht die differenzierte Betrachtung von Grünflächen anhand des Beispiels öffentlicher Grünflächen (PGS), die häufig Gegenstand der UG-Forschung ist, im Vordergrund. Doch eine häufig verwendete Quelle für räumliche Daten zu öffentlichen Grünflächen, der European Urban Atlas (EUA), wird bisher nicht flächendeckend für Deutschland erhoben. Dieser Studienteil verfolgt einen datengetriebenen Ansatz, die Verfügbarkeit von öffentlichem Grün auf der räumlichen Ebene von Nachbarschaften für ganz Deutschland zu ermitteln. Hierfür dienen bereits vom EUA erfasste Gebiete als Referenz. Mithilfe einer Kombination von Erdbeobachtungsdaten und Informationen aus dem OpenStreetMap-Projekt wird ein Deep Learning -basiertes Fusionsnetzwerk erstellt, welche die verfügbare Fläche von öffentlichem Grün quantifiziert. Das Ergebnis dieses Schrittes ist ein Modell, welches genutzt wird, um die Menge öffentlicher Grünflächen in der Nachbarschaft zu schätzen (𝑅 2 = 0.952). Der dritte Studienteil greift die Ergebnisse der ersten beiden Studienteile auf und betrachtet die Verteilung von Grünflächen in Deutschland unter Hinzunahme von georeferenzierten Bevölkerungsdaten. Diese exemplarische Analyse unterscheidet dabei Grünflächen nach zwei Typen: GLC und PGS. Zunächst wird mithilfe deskriptiver Statistiken die generelle Grünflächenverteilung in der Bevölkerung Deutschlands beleuchtet. Daraufhin wird die Verteilungsgerechtigkeit anhand gängiger Gerechtigkeitsmetriken bestimmt. Abschließend werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen der demographischen Komposition der Nachbarschaft und der verfügbaren Menge von Grünflächen anhand dreier exemplarischer soziodemographischer Gesellschaftsgruppen untersucht. Die Analyse zeigt starke Unterschiede der Verfügbarkeit von PGS zwischen städtischen und ländlichen Gebieten. Ein höherer Prozentsatz der Stadtbevölkerung hat Zugriff das Mindestmaß von PGS gemessen an der Vorgabe der Weltgesundheitsorganisation. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auch einen deutlichen Unterschied bezüglich der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit zwischen GLC und PGS und verdeutlichen die Relevanz der Unterscheidung von Grünflächentypen für derartige Untersuchungen. Die abschließende Betrachtung verschiedener Bevölkerungsgruppen arbeitet Unterschiede auf soziodemographischer Ebene auf. In der Zusammenschau demonstriert diese Arbeit wie moderne Geodaten und Methoden des maschinellen Lernens genutzt werden können bisherige Limitierungen räumlicher Datensätze zu überwinden. Am Beispiel von Grünflächen in der Wohnumgebung der Bevölkerung Deutschlands wird gezeigt, dass landesweite Analysen zur Umweltgerechtigkeit durch hochaufgelöste und lokal feingliedrige geographische Informationen bereichert werden können. Diese Arbeit verdeutlicht, wie die Methoden der Erdbeobachtung und Geoinformatik einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten können, die Ungleichheit der Wohnumwelt der Menschen zu identifizieren und schlussendlich den nachhaltigen Siedlungsbau in Form von objektiven Informationen zu unterstützen und überwachen. N2 - Green spaces are one of the most important environmental factors for humans in the living environment. On the one hand they provide benefits to people’s physical and mental health, on the other hand they allow for the mitigation of negative impacts of environmental stressors like heat waves which are increasing as a result of climate change. Yet, green spaces are not equally accessible to all people. Existing literature in the context of Environmental Justice (EJ) research has shown that the access to green space varies among different socio-economic and demographic groups in Germany. However, previous studies in the context of EJ were criticized for using strongly spatially aggregated data for their analyses resulting in a loss of spatial detail on local environmental exposure metrics. This is especially true for large-scale studies where important spatial information often get lost. In this context, modern earth observation and geospatial data are more detailed than ever, and machine learning methods enable efficient processing to derive higher value information for diverse applications. The overall objective of this work is to demonstrate and implement methodological steps that allow for the transformation of vast geodata into relevant geoinformation for the large-scale and high-resolution analysis of environmental characteristics using the example of green spaces in Germany. By bridging the disciplines remote sensing, geoinformatics, social geography and environmental justice research, potentials of modern methods for the improvement of spatial and semantic resolution of geoinformation are explored. For this purpose, machine learning methods are used to map land cover and land use on a national scale. These developments will help to close existing data gaps and provide information on the distributional equity of green spaces. This dissertation comprises three conceptual steps. In the first part of the study, earth observation data from the Sentinel-2 satellites are used to derive land cover information across Germany. In combination with point reference data on land cover and land use from the paneuropean Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) a machine learning model is trained. Therein, different preprocessing steps of the LUCAS data and their influence on the classification accuracy are highlighted. The classification model derives land cover information with high accuracy even in complex urban areas. One result of the study is a Germany-wide land cover classification with an overall accuracy of 93.07 % which is used in the further course of the dissertation to spatially quantify green land cover (GLC). The second conceptual part of this study focuses on the semantic differentiation of green spaces using the example of public green spaces (PGS), which is often the subject of EJ research. A frequently used source of spatial data on public green spaces, the European Urban Atlas (EUA),however, is not available for all of Germany. This part of the study takes a data-driven approach to determine the availability of public green space at the spatial level of neighborhoods for all of Germany. For this purpose, areas already covered by the EUA serve as a reference. Using a combination of earth observation data and information from the OpenStreetMap project, a Deep Learning -based fusion network is created that quantifies the available area of public green space. The result of this step is a model that is utilized to estimate the amount of public green space in the neighborhood (𝑅 2 = 0.952). The third part of this dissertation builds upon the results of the first two parts and integrates georeferenced population data to study the socio-spatial distribution of green spaces in Germany. This exemplary analysis distinguishes green spaces according to two types: GLC and PGS. In this,first, descriptive statistics are used to examine the overall distribution of green spaces available to the German population. Then, the distributional equality is determined using established equality metrics. Finally, the relationships between the demographic composition of the neighborhood and the available amount of green space are examined using three exemplary sociodemographic groups. The analysis reveals strong differences in PGS availability between urban and rural areas. Compared to the rural population, a higher percentage of the urban population has access to the minimum level of PGS defined as a target by the World Health Organization (WHO). The results also show a clear deviation in terms of distributive equality between GLC and PGS, highlighting the relevance of distinguishing green space types for such studies. The final analysis of certain population groups addresses differences at the sociodemographic level. In summary, this dissertation demonstrates how previous limitations of spatial datasets can be overcome through a combination of modern geospatial data and machine learning methods. Using the example of green spaces in the residential environment of the population in Germany,it is shown that nationwide analyses of environmental justice can be enriched by high-resolution and locally fine-grained geographic information. This study illustrates how earth observation and methods of geoinformatics can make an important contribution to identifying inequalities in people’s living environment. Such objective information can ultimately be deployed to support and monitor sustainable urban development. KW - Geografie KW - Fernerkundung KW - Maschinelles Lernen KW - Deep learning KW - Urbanes Grün KW - urban green KW - machine learning KW - distributive justice KW - environmental justice KW - Deutschland KW - Germany KW - Verteilungsgerechtigkeit KW - Umweltgerechtigkeit Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349610 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Parisi, Sandra A1 - Lehner, Nina A1 - Schrader, Hanna A1 - Kierer, Leonard A1 - Fleischer, Anna A1 - Miljukov, Olga A1 - Borgulya, Gabor A1 - Rüter, Gernot A1 - Viniol, Annika A1 - Gágyor, Ildikó T1 - Experiencing COVID-19, home isolation and primary health care: A mixed-methods study JF - Frontiers in Public Health N2 - Objectives Although the vast majority of COVID-19 cases are treated in primary care, patients' experiences during home isolation have been little studied. This study aimed to explore the experiences of patients with acute COVID-19 and to identify challenges after the initial adaptation of the German health system to the pandemic (after first infection wave from February to June 2020). Methods A mixed-method convergent design was used to gain a holistic insight into patients experience. The study consisted of a cross-sectional survey, open survey answers and semi-structured telephone interviews. Descriptive analysis was performed on quantitative survey answers. Between group differences were calculated to explore changes after the first infection wave. Qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on open survey answers and interviews. The results were then compared within a triangulation protocol. Results A total of 1100 participants from all German states were recruited by 145 general practitioners from August 2020 to April 2021, 42 additionally took part in qualitative interviews. Disease onset varied from February 2020 to April 2021. After the first infection wave, more participants were tested positive during the acute disease (88.8%; 95.2%; P < 0.001). Waiting times for tests (mean 4.5 days, SD 4.1; 2.7days, SD 2.6, P < 0.001) and test results (mean 2.4 days, SD 1.9; 1.8 days, SD 1.3, P < 0.001) decreased. Qualitative results indicated that the availability of repeated testing and antigen tests reduced insecurities, transmission and related guilt. Although personal consultations at general practices increased (6.8%; 15.5%, P < 0.001), telephone consultation remained the main mode of consultation (78.5%) and video remained insignificant (1.9%). The course of disease, the living situation and social surroundings during isolation, access to health care, personal resilience, spirituality and feelings of guilt and worries emerged as themes influencing the illness experience. Challenges were contact management and adequate provision of care during home isolation. A constant contact person within the health system helped against feelings of care deprivation, uncertainty and fear. Conclusions Our study highlights that home isolation of individuals with COVID-19 requires a holistic approach that considers all aspects of patient care and effective coordination between different care providers. KW - COVID-19 KW - patients' experience KW - illness experience KW - mixed methods KW - general practice KW - home isolation KW - Germany KW - telehealth Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301498 SN - 2296-2565 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schönberger, Katharina A1 - Ludwig, Maria-Sabine A1 - Wildner, Manfred A1 - Weissbrich, Benedikt T1 - Epidemiology of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) in Germany from 2003 to 2009: A Risk Estimation JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal long-term complication of measles infection. We performed an estimation of the total number of SSPE cases in Germany for the period 2003 to 2009 and calculated the risk of SSPE after an acute measles infection. SSPE cases were collected from the Surveillance Unit for Rare Paediatric Diseases in Germany and the Institute of Virology and Immunobiology at the University of Würzburg. The total number of SSPE cases was estimated by capture-recapture analysis. For the period 2003 to 2009, 31 children with SSPE who were treated at German hospitals were identified. The capture-recapture estimate was 39 cases (95% confidence interval: 29.2–48.0). The risk of developing SSPE for children contracting measles infection below 5 years of age was calculated as 1∶1700 to 1∶3300. This risk is in the same order of magnitude as the risk of a fatal acute measles infection. KW - Germany KW - pediatric infections KW - age groups KW - measels virus KW - German people KW - measles KW - pediatrics KW - vaccination and immunization Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130089 VL - 8 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Goettler, David A1 - Niekler, Patricia A1 - Liese, Johannes G. A1 - Streng, Andrea T1 - Epidemiology and direct healthcare costs of Influenza-associated hospitalizations - nationwide inpatient data (Germany 2010-2019) JF - BMC Public Health N2 - Introduction Detailed and up-to-date data on the epidemiology and healthcare costs of Influenza are fundamental for public health decision-making. We analyzed inpatient data on Influenza-associated hospitalizations (IAH), selected complications and risk factors, and their related direct costs for Germany during ten consecutive years. Methods We conducted a retrospective cost-of-illness study on patients with laboratory-confirmed IAH (ICD-10-GM code J09/J10 as primary diagnosis) by ICD-10-GM-based remote data query using the Hospital Statistics database of the German Federal Statistical Office. Clinical data and associated direct costs of hospital treatment are presented stratified by demographic and clinical variables. Results Between January 2010 to December 2019, 156,097 persons were hospitalized due to laboratory-confirmed Influenza (J09/J10 primary diagnosis). The annual cumulative incidence was low in 2010, 2012 and 2014 (1.3 to 3.1 hospitalizations per 100,000 persons) and high in 2013 and 2015-2019 (12.6 to 60.3). Overall direct per patient hospitalization costs were mean (SD) 3521 EUR (± 8896) and median (IQR) 1805 EUR (1502; 2694), with the highest mean costs in 2010 (mean 8965 EUR ± 26,538) and the lowest costs in 2012 (mean 2588 EUR ± 6153). Mean costs were highest in 60-69 year olds, and in 50-59, 70-79 and 40-49 year olds; they were lowest in 10-19 year olds. Increased costs were associated with conditions such as diabetes (frequency 15.0%; 3.45-fold increase compared to those without diabetes), adiposity (3.3%; 2.09-fold increase) or immune disorders (5.6%; 1.88-fold increase) and with Influenza-associated complications such as Influenza pneumonia (24.3%; 1.95-fold), bacterial pneumonia (6.3%; 3.86-fold), ARDS (1.2%; 10.90-fold increase) or sepsis (2.3%; 8.30-fold). Estimated overall costs reported for the 10-year period were 549.6 Million euros (95% CI 542.7-556.4 million euros). Conclusion We found that the economic burden of IAH in Germany is substantial, even when considering solely laboratory-confirmed IAH reported as primary diagnosis. The highest costs were found in the elderly, patients with certain underlying risk factors and patients who required advanced life support treatment, and median and mean costs showed considerable variations between single years. Furthermore, there was a relevant burden of disease in middle-aged adults, who are not covered by the current vaccination recommendations in Germany. KW - burden KW - influenza KW - epidemiology KW - healthcare costs KW - hospitalization KW - ICD-10 KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265888 VL - 22 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holzwarth, Stefanie A1 - Thonfeld, Frank A1 - Abdullahi, Sahra A1 - Asam, Sarah A1 - Da Ponte Canova, Emmanuel A1 - Gessner, Ursula A1 - Huth, Juliane A1 - Kraus, Tanja A1 - Leutner, Benjamin A1 - Kuenzer, Claudia T1 - Earth Observation based monitoring of forests in Germany: a review JF - Remote Sensing N2 - Forests in Germany cover around 11.4 million hectares and, thus, a share of 32% of Germany's surface area. Therefore, forests shape the character of the country's cultural landscape. Germany's forests fulfil a variety of functions for nature and society, and also play an important role in the context of climate levelling. Climate change, manifested via rising temperatures and current weather extremes, has a negative impact on the health and development of forests. Within the last five years, severe storms, extreme drought, and heat waves, and the subsequent mass reproduction of bark beetles have all seriously affected Germany’s forests. Facing the current dramatic extent of forest damage and the emerging long-term consequences, the effort to preserve forests in Germany, along with their diversity and productivity, is an indispensable task for the government. Several German ministries have and plan to initiate measures supporting forest health. Quantitative data is one means for sound decision-making to ensure the monitoring of the forest and to improve the monitoring of forest damage. In addition to existing forest monitoring systems, such as the federal forest inventory, the national crown condition survey, and the national forest soil inventory, systematic surveys of forest condition and vulnerability at the national scale can be expanded with the help of a satellite-based earth observation. In this review, we analysed and categorized all research studies published in the last 20 years that focus on the remote sensing of forests in Germany. For this study, 166 citation indexed research publications have been thoroughly analysed with respect to publication frequency, location of studies undertaken, spatial and temporal scale, coverage of the studies, satellite sensors employed, thematic foci of the studies, and overall outcomes, allowing us to identify major research and geoinformation product gaps. KW - remote sensing KW - earth observation KW - forest KW - forest monitoring KW - forest disturbances KW - Germany KW - review Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216334 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 12 IS - 21 ER - TY - THES A1 - Tomasevic, Klaudia T1 - Die medizinische Versorgung von Kindern Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts am Beispiel von Würzburg T1 - Medical Care of Children in the Middle of the 19th Century: in the City of Wuerzburg N2 - Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts gab es in Deutschland im Vergleich zu vielen seiner Nachbarstaaten nur sehr wenige Heil- und Krankenanstalten speziell für Kinder. Die Anerkennung der Kinderheilkunde als eigenes Fachgebiet an den deutschen Universitäten verlief sehr langsam. Untersucht man die historische und soziologische Situation in Deutschland sowie den Entwicklungsstand der Medizin im 19. Jahrhundert genauer, so wird deutlich, warum hier solche aus heutiger Sicht rückständige Verhältnisse herrschten. Wie sich anhand von Originaldokumenten belegen lässt, wurde in Würzburg für deutsche Verhältnisse recht früh der Vorstoß unternommen, an der Universität eine "Separatanstalt" für kranke Kinder zu errichten und die Pädiatrie als eigenes Lehrfach einzuführen. Am 7. Juli 1841 erreichte den Senat und die Fakultät der Universität Würzburg ein Königlich Bayerisches Dekret, das die Errichtung einer klinischen Anstalt für Kinder und eine damit verbundene Abhaltung von Vorlesungen über Kinderkrankheiten vorsah. Das primäre Vorhaben der Fakultät, eine "stabile" Kinderklinik zu eröffnen, wurde jedoch aufgrund von Finanzierungsproblemen für mehrere Jahre aufgeschoben. Stattdessen wurde 1844 eine "billigere" ambulante Kinderklinik eröffnet und Franz von Rinecker, ein sehr engagierter Professor, zu deren Leiter und zum Prof. für Kinderkrankheiten ernannt. Erst am 1. Nov. 1850 kam es zur offiziellen Gründung einer stabilen Kinderklinik mit 12-15 Betten. Da andieser Institution jedoch sowohl die Universität als auch das Juliusspital, eine sehr mächtige und mit der Universität verschwisterte Stiftung, beteiligt waren, kam es sowohl vor als auch nach der Gründung zu großen Interessenskonflikten und Machtkämpfen.Das Resultat war, dass die Universität und der von ihr ernannte Vorstand, Franz von Rinecker, letztendlich nur einen sehr geringen Einfluss in der Kinderklinik hatten, die außerdem bereits 1872 wieder ihre Eigenständigkeit verlor. Die "stabile" Kinderklinik wurde an die Innere Medizin abgetreten, die ambulante Kinderklinik fiel an die allgemeine Poliklinik zurück. Erst 1915, also über 40 Jahre später, erlangte die Würzburger Pädiatrie wieder ihre Eigenständigkeit, die mit dem Ordinariat für Hans Rietschel ab 1923 vervollständigt wurde. Das Schicksal der pädiatrischen Anstalten in Würzburg ist bezeichnend für die damalige Zeit: Die deutsche Pädiatrie steckte noch in ihren Kinderschuhen und befand sich im ständigen Kampf gegen die Dominanz von Allgemeiner Poliklinik und Innerer Medizin. N2 - In the middle of the 19th century there were just a few hospitals for sick children in Germany and Paediatrics was hardly recognised as an independent speciality of medicine. A more profound analysis of both the historical and social situation, as well as the medical development at that time may explain why there was such an undeveloped situation in Germany. In the City of Würzburg there was an early sustained effort to found a separate hospital for sick children and to introduce Paediatrics as a separate subject at its medical school. As original documents prove, as early as 7th July 1841 a Bavarian royal decree reached the Faculty of Wuerzburg expressing the aim to open a clinical institution for sick children and to start lectures about child diseases. Because of financial difficulties, however, the faculty's first plan - to found a "stable" paediatric clinic immediately - had to be postponed for a couple of years. Instead, a "cheaper" policlinic for children was opened in 1844 and Franz von Rinecker, a highly committed professor, was appointed professor of child diseases and head of that clinic. On 1st November 1850 a separate clinic for sick children with 12-15 beds was finally opened. As this institution belonged to both the Faculty and the "Juliusspital", a very powerful foundation, lots of conflicts appeared before and after the clinic opened. Consequently, the Faculty and the assigned head of the Paediatric clinic, Franz von Rinecker, had very little influence on the development of the clinic. Therefore, in 1872, it lost its independence again: the Paediatric clinic became part of the Internal Medicine and the Paediatric policlinic came back to the supervision of the general policlinic .It was only 43 years later that Paediatrics in Wuerzburg finally got its independence back in 1915. The history of the clinical institutions in Paediatrics in Wuerzburg is symptomatic for the time when German paediatrics was still in its early stages and continually had to defend itself against the dominance of Internal medicine and the policlinic. KW - Würzburg KW - Kinderheilkunde KW - Geschichte 1800-1900 KW - Pädiatrie KW - Medizingeschichte KW - 19. Jahrhundert KW - Kinder KW - Kinderklinik KW - medizinisch KW - Deutschland KW - Würzburg KW - Rinecker KW - Paediatrics KW - history of medicine KW - 19th century KW - children KW - paediatric clinic KW - medical KW - Germany KW - Wuerzburg KW - Rinecker Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-3865 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ko, Chiou-Shiue T1 - Die institutionelle Frühförderung in Deutschland und in Taiwan im Vergleich T1 - A comparison of early intervention between Germany and Taiwan N2 - Durch die Bestrebungen und mit der Unterstützung von Fachleuten und Wissenschaftlern wurde das Frühfördersystem in Taiwan mittels der Verankerung des Kinderwohlfahrtsgesetzes 1993 Schritt für Schritt geplant und aufgebaut, wobei die Entwicklung schnell voran ging und geht. Obwohl bei der Arbeit mit Kindern mit Entwicklungsgefährdungen und -verzögerungen durchaus viele Erfolge zu verzeichnen sind, müssen weitere Schwierigkeiten und Hindernisse überwunden werden. Um dieses Frühfördersystem zu stärken und vervollkommnen, beschäftigen sich viele Fachleute und Wissenschaftler mit der Sammlung und Analyse ausländischer Erfahrungen. Sie versuchen, mögliche Potenziale für das eigene System zu finden und diese zu integrieren. In dieser Arbeit werden erstmals die Frühfördersysteme in Deutschland und in Taiwan verglichen. Die Forschungsarbeit beabsichtigt, die Frühfördersysteme in Deutschland und in Taiwan durch den Vergleich zu reflektieren und daraus Folgerungen für die quantitative und qualitative Weiterentwicklung des Frühfördersystems in Taiwan abzuleiten. Die Intention soll sein, das Frühfördersystem in Taiwan mittels der Erfahrungen aus dem Ausland (i.d.F. Deutschland) projektiv zu verbessern und zu optimieren. Nach dem 1. Kapitel, der Einführung in die Fragestellung, die Zielsetzung und die Methode der Arbeit, werden im 2. Kapitel die Probleme und Potenziale der vergleichenden Sonderpädagogik dargestellt und die Forschungsmethodologie, die dieser Arbeit zugrunde liegt, vorgestellt. Das 3. Kapitel beinhaltet die Darstellung und Analyse des Frühfördersystems in Deutschland (Ziele and Prinzipien der Frühförderung, Aufbau und Organisation der Frühförderung, Aufgabenbereiche und Unterstützungsstrukturen in der Frühförderung, Familienorientierung, Finanzierung und gesetzliche Grundlagen, Evaluationsforschung, Entwicklungstendenzen, Problematiken und Perspektiven einer künftigen Frühförderung). Im 4. Kapitel wird analog zum 3. Kapitel das Frühfördersystem in Taiwan skizziert. Das 5. Kapitel gibt zuerst einen Überblick über die Einbettung der Frühförderung in die unterschiedlichen Kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Kontextdimensionen in Deutschland und in Taiwan. Anschließend werden die oben genannten Gesichtspunkte der beiden Frühfördersysteme verglichen. Darüber hinaus wird in diesem Kapitel versucht, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der jeweiligen Systeme in Deutschland und in Taiwan auszuloten. Zum Schluss werden im 6. Kapitel Folgerungen zur quantitativen und qualitativen Weiterentwicklung in Taiwan (einige Vorschläge könnten sich evtl. auch auf Deutschland beziehen) abgeleitet. Die Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten reichen von der politisch-juristischen über die administrative bis zur institutionellen Ebene. Sie werden in folgende Aspekte unterteilt: (1) politisch-juristischer Rahmen; (2) administrative Kooperation und Koordination; (3) Aufgabenfelder der Frühförderung (Früherkennung, Meldung und Überweisung, Diagnostik, Therapie und Förderung, Übergang, familienbezogene psychosoziale Unterstützung); (4) Elternpartizipation; (5) Intra- und interinstitutionelle Kooperation und Koordination. N2 - The special education for children at preschool in Taiwan was for long neglected. It wasn’t until 1993 that the early intervention for the children with developmental delays was in “Child Welfare Law Rectified” enacted and has hence been valued. After this legislation, the system of early intervention was step-by-step planned and constructed through the efforts and promotions of child care relevant professionals and scholars, in which development was pushed rapidly ahead. Nevertheless, there are difficulties and obstacles in the development of the early intervention in Taiwan which must be overcome. For the first time, the systems of early intervention in Germany and in Taiwan are compared in this dissertation. The research intents that the system of early intervention in Taiwan can be projective improved and optimalized with the assistance of the experiences from Germany. After the introductive formation of the question and the objective of the dissertation in chapter one, the problems and the potentials of this comparative study with its method are portrayed in chapter two. The chapter three represents the description and analysis of the system of early intervention in Germany (objectives, principles, areas of responsibility, organization and structure of services, family orientation, financing and legislation on early intervention, evaluation, developmental tendencies, problems and perspectives of the future early intervention). In chapter four, the system of early intervention in Taiwan is depicted analogously to the chapter three. The chapter five gives at first a general view that the systems of early intervention in Germany and in Taiwan are embedded within the historical and cultural contexts of one’s own country. Then both of them will be compared with their possibilities and limits. Finally, feasible suggestions with regard to the quantitative and the qualitative development of the system of early intervention in Taiwan (a few crucial points referring to Germany) are offered in chapter six. They are divided in the following aspects: (1) political-legislative frame; (2) administrative cooperation and coordination; (3) areas of responsibility (early recognition, early registration, diagnosis, furthering and therapy, transition, family psychosocial support); (4) participation of parents; (5) intra- and interinstitutional cooperation and coordination. KW - Deutschland KW - Frühförderung KW - Taiwan KW - Vergleich KW - Frühförderung KW - Frühfördersysteme KW - Deutschland KW - Taiwan KW - early intervention KW - Germany KW - Taiwan Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-14160 ER - TY - THES A1 - De Brida, Henrique Paulo T1 - Der Besitzerwerb durch Hilfspersonen T1 - The acquisition of possession throughout auxiliary persons N2 - Diese Arbeit betrachtet das Thema ‚Besitzerwerb’ mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Stellung der Hilfsperson – nämlich, Stellvertreter bzw. Besitzdiener - bei diesem Rechtsinstitut. Vor der eigentlichen Behandlung des Hauptthemas finden sich allgemeine Betrachtungen und Analysen des Besitzes und dessen Erwerb und die Darstellung der rechtshistorischen Entwicklung des Besitzes. Die hier behandelten Themen werden nicht nur von der Rechtsdogmatik, sondern auch von der Rechtssprechung her untersucht, wobei die Entscheidungen in einigen, bestimmten Fällen, die in der rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskussion Mustercharakter erlangt haben, und als Anknüpfungspunkt zur Entwicklung und Festigung der Rechtslehre dienen dargestellt werden. Es wird ebenso versucht klar darzustellen, inwieweit sich die Rechtsauffassung des Besitzerwerbs durch Hilfspersonen von dem traditionellen, römischgemeinrechtlichen Vorbild der Dienerschaft aus zu einer typologischen, sachverhaltsnäheren Besitzerwerbslehre hat entwickeln lassen. N2 - The following dissertation deals with the possession and its acquisition throughout an auxiliary (working) person – an agent and/or a possession’s server. It shows how the Civil law institute under assessment has historically developed and how the German legal theory and courts have been treated the legal acquisition of possession when a service or working relationship is involved by a mediation of possession and its acquisition. Therefore, the present work focuses on a deal of court decisions which have developed to leading cases relating that subject matter. It handles also with the development of the legal theory of possession in the sense that it aims to clarify by which means the German jurisprudence has developed from the traditional Roman law based theory of the servitude of possession towards a typological and case law based theory of the acquisition of possession through a third auxiliary person. KW - Würzburg / Institut für Deutsche und Bayerische Rechtsgeschichte KW - Deutschland / Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch KW - Bürgerliches Recht KW - Besitzerwerb KW - Germany KW - Civil law KW - possession KW - acquisition KW - auxiliary person Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-64926 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lewerentz, Anne A1 - Hoffmann, Markus A1 - Sarmento Cabral, Juliano T1 - Depth diversity gradients of macrophytes: Shape, drivers, and recent shifts JF - Ecology and Evolution N2 - Investigating diversity gradients helps to understand biodiversity drivers and threats. However, one diversity gradient is rarely assessed, namely how plant species distribute along the depth gradient of lakes. Here, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of depth diversity gradient (DDG) of alpha, beta, and gamma species richness of submerged macrophytes across multiple lakes. We characterize the DDG for additive richness components (alpha, beta, gamma), assess environmental drivers, and address temporal change over recent years. We take advantage of yet the largest dataset of macrophyte occurrence along lake depth (274 depth transects across 28 deep lakes) as well as of physiochemical measurements (12 deep lakes from 2006 to 2017 across Bavaria), provided publicly online by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment. We found a high variability in DDG shapes across the study lakes. The DDGs for alpha and gamma richness are predominantly hump-shaped, while beta richness shows a decreasing DDG. Generalized additive mixed-effect models indicate that the depth of the maximum richness (Dmax) is influenced by light quality, light quantity, and layering depth, whereas the respective maximum alpha richness within the depth gradient (Rmax) is significantly influenced by lake area only. Most observed DDGs seem generally stable over recent years. However, for single lakes we found significant linear trends for Rmax and Dmax going into different directions. The observed hump-shaped DDGs agree with three competing hypotheses: the mid-domain effect, the mean–disturbance hypothesis, and the mean–productivity hypothesis. The DDG amplitude seems driven by lake area (thus following known species–area relationships), whereas skewness depends on physiochemical factors, mainly water transparency and layering depth. Our results provide insights for conservation strategies and for mechanistic frameworks to disentangle competing explanatory hypotheses for the DDG. KW - aquatic plants KW - biodiversity gradients KW - biodiversity hypotheses KW - deep lakes KW - Germany KW - Water Framework Directive Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260280 VL - 11 IS - 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinz, Tizian A1 - Eidmann, Annette A1 - Jakuscheit, Axel A1 - Laux, Tino A1 - Rudert, Maximilian A1 - Stratos, Ioannis T1 - Demographics and trends for inbound medical tourism in Germany for orthopedic patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Medical tourism is a rapidly growing sector of economic growth and diversification. However, data on the demographics and characteristics of the traveling patients are sparse. In this study, we analyzed the common demographic properties and characteristics of the inbound medical tourists seeking orthopedic medical care in Germany for the years 2010 to 2019 compared to a domestic group. At the same time, we examined how the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak of 2020 changed the field of medical tourism in Germany. Calculations were performed using administrative hospital data provided by the Federal Statistical Department of Germany. Data were analyzed from the years 2010 to 2020. A total of six elective orthopedic surgery codes (bone biopsy, knee arthroplasty, foot surgery, osteotomy, hardware removal, and arthrodesis) were identified as key service indicators for medical tourism and further analyzed. Factors including residence, sex, year, and type of elective surgery were modeled using linear regression analysis. Age and sex distributions were compared between patients living inside Germany (DE) or outside Germany (non-DE). Between 2010 and 2020, 6,261,801 orthopedic procedures were coded for the DE group and 27,420 key procedures were identified for the non-DE group. Medical tourists were predominantly male and significantly younger than the domestic population. The linear regression analysis of the OPS codes over the past years showed a significantly different slope between the DE and non-DE groups only for the OPS code “hardware removal”. With the COVID-19 pandemic, an overall decline in performed orthopedic procedures was observed for the non-DE and the DE group. A significant reduction below the 95% prediction bands for the year 2020 could be shown for hardware removal and foot surgery (for DE), and for hardware removal, knee arthroplasty, foot surgery, and osteotomy (for non-DE). This study is the first to quantify inbound medical tourism in elective orthopedic surgery in Germany. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected many — but not all — areas of orthopedic surgery. It has to be seen how this negative trend will develop in the future. KW - inbound medical tourism KW - orthopedic surgery KW - Germany KW - COVID-19 KW - pandemic Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304955 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 20 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Anne A1 - Popp, Maria A1 - Fichtner, Falk A1 - Holzmann-Littig, Christopher A1 - Kranke, Peter A1 - Steckelberg, Anke A1 - Lühnen, Julia A1 - Redlich, Lisa Marie A1 - Dickel, Steffen A1 - Grimm, Clemens A1 - Moerer, Onnen A1 - Nothacker, Monika A1 - Seeber, Christian T1 - COVID-19 intensive care — Evaluation of public information sources and current standards of care in German intensive care units: a cross sectional online survey on intensive care staff in Germany JF - Healthcare N2 - Backround: In February 2021, the first formal evidence and consensus-based (S3) guidelines for the inpatient treatment of patients with COVID-19 were published in Germany and have been updated twice during 2021. The aim of the present study is to re-evaluate the dissemination pathways and strategies for ICU staff (first evaluation in December 2020 when previous versions of consensus-based guidelines (S2k) were published) and question selected aspects of guideline adherence of standard care for patients with COVID-19 in the ICU. Methods: We conducted an anonymous online survey among German intensive care staff from 11 October 2021 to 11 November 2021. We distributed the survey via e-mail in intensive care facilities and requested redirection to additional intensive care staff (snowball sampling). Results: There was a difference between the professional groups in the number, selection and qualitative assessment of information sources about COVID-19. Standard operating procedures were most frequently used by all occupational groups and received a high quality rating. Physicians preferred sources for active information search (e.g., medical journals), while nurses predominantly used passive consumable sources (e.g., every-day media). Despite differences in usage behaviour, the sources were rated similarly in terms of the quality of the information on COVID-19. The trusted organizations have not changed over time. The use of guidelines was frequently stated and highly recommended. The majority of the participants reported guideline-compliant treatment. Nevertheless, there were certain variations in the use of medication as well as the criteria chosen for discontinuing non-invasive ventilation (NIV) compared to guideline recommendations. Conclusions: An adequate external source of information for nursing staff is lacking, the usual sources of physicians are only appropriate for the minority of nursing staff. The self-reported use of guidelines is high. KW - COVID-19 KW - implementation KW - guideline usage KW - guideline adherence KW - intensive care KW - Germany KW - ICU staff Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-281865 SN - 2227-9032 VL - 10 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herrmann, Johannes A1 - Adam, Elisabeth Hannah A1 - Notz, Quirin A1 - Helmer, Philipp A1 - Sonntagbauer, Michael A1 - Ungemach-Papenberg, Peter A1 - Sanns, Andreas A1 - Zausig, York A1 - Steinfeldt, Thorsten A1 - Torje, Iuliu A1 - Schmid, Benedikt A1 - Schlesinger, Tobias A1 - Rolfes, Caroline A1 - Reyher, Christian A1 - Kredel, Markus A1 - Stumpner, Jan A1 - Brack, Alexander A1 - Wurmb, Thomas A1 - Gill-Schuster, Daniel A1 - Kranke, Peter A1 - Weismann, Dirk A1 - Klinker, Hartwig A1 - Heuschmann, Peter A1 - Rücker, Viktoria A1 - Frantz, Stefan A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Muellenbach, Ralf Michael A1 - Mutlak, Haitham A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Zacharowski, Kai A1 - Lotz, Christopher T1 - COVID-19 Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome — A Multicenter Observational Study JF - Frontiers in Medicine N2 - Background: Proportions of patients dying from the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vary between different countries. We report the characteristics; clinical course and outcome of patients requiring intensive care due to COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: This is a retrospective, observational multicentre study in five German secondary or tertiary care hospitals. All patients consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in any of the participating hospitals between March 12 and May 4, 2020 with a COVID-19 induced ARDS were included. Results: A total of 106 ICU patients were treated for COVID-19 induced ARDS, whereas severe ARDS was present in the majority of cases. Survival of ICU treatment was 65.0%. Median duration of ICU treatment was 11 days; median duration of mechanical ventilation was 9 days. The majority of ICU treated patients (75.5%) did not receive any antiviral or anti-inflammatory therapies. Venovenous (vv) ECMO was utilized in 16.3%. ICU triage with population-level decision making was not necessary at any time. Univariate analysis associated older age, diabetes mellitus or a higher SOFA score on admission with non-survival during ICU stay. Conclusions: A high level of care adhering to standard ARDS treatments lead to a good outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients. KW - COVID-19 KW - ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) KW - intensive care medicine KW - pandemia KW - Germany Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219834 SN - 2296-858X VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinke, Sabine I. B. A1 - Peitsch, Wiebke K. A1 - Ludwig, Alexander A1 - Goebeler, Matthias T1 - Cost-of-Illness in Psoriasis: Comparing Inpatient and Outpatient Therapy JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Treatment modalities of chronic plaque psoriasis have dramatically changed over the past ten years with a still continuing shift from inpatient to outpatient treatment. This development is mainly caused by outpatient availability of highly efficient and relatively well-tolerated systemic treatments, in particular BioLogicals. In addition, inpatient treatment is time-and cost-intense, conflicting with the actual burst of health expenses and with patient preferences. Nevertheless, inpatient treatment with dithranol and UV light still is a major mainstay of psoriasis treatment in Germany. The current study aims at comparing the total costs of inpatient treatment and outpatient follow-up to mere outpatient therapy with different modalities (topical treatment, phototherapy, classic systemic therapy or BioLogicals) over a period of 12 months. To this end, a retrospective cost-of-illness study was conducted on 120 patients treated at the University Medical Centre Mannheim between 2005 and 2006. Inpatient therapy caused significantly higher direct medical, indirect and total annual costs than outpatient treatment (13,042 (sic) versus 2,984 (sic)). Its strong influence on cost levels was confirmed by regression analysis, with total costs rising by 104.3% in case of inpatient treatment. Patients receiving BioLogicals produced the overall highest costs, whereas outpatient treatment with classic systemic antipsoriatic medications was less cost-intense than other alternatives. KW - plaque-type psoriasis KW - health-care costs KW - patient preferences KW - disease severity KW - United States KW - moderate KW - life KW - multicenter KW - biologics KW - Germany Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128235 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 8 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ibebuchi, Chibuike Chiedozie A1 - Schönbein, Daniel A1 - Adakudlu, Muralidhar A1 - Xoplaki, Elena A1 - Paeth, Heiko T1 - Comparison of three techniques to adjust daily precipitation biases from regional climate models over Germany JF - Water N2 - This study compares the performance of three bias correction (BC) techniques in adjusting simulated precipitation estimates over Germany. The BC techniques are the multivariate quantile delta mapping (MQDM) where the grids are used as variables to incorporate the spatial dependency structure of precipitation in the bias correction; empirical quantile mapping (EQM) and, the linear scaling (LS) approach. Several metrics that include first to fourth moments and extremes characterized by the frequency of heavy wet days and return periods during boreal summer were applied to score the performance of the BC techniques. Our results indicate a strong dependency of the relative performances of the BC techniques on the choice of the regional climate model (RCM), the region, the season, and the metrics of interest. Hence, each BC technique has relative strengths and weaknesses. The LS approach performs well in adjusting the first moment but tends to fall short for higher moments and extreme precipitation during boreal summer. Depending on the season, the region and the RCM considered, there is a trade-off between the relative performances of the EQM and the MQDM in adjusting the simulated precipitation biases. However, the MQDM performs well across all considered metrics. Overall, the MQDM outperforms the EQM in improving the higher moments and in capturing the observed return level of extreme summer precipitation, averaged over Germany. KW - bias correction KW - multivariate quantile delta mapping KW - empirical quantile mapping KW - linear scaling KW - precipitation KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262064 SN - 2073-4441 VL - 14 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Martin, Eva A1 - Mauer, Isabell A1 - Malzahn, Uwe A1 - Heuschmann, Peter Ulrich A1 - Goebeler, Matthias A1 - Benoit, Sandrine T1 - Comorbid diseases among bullous pemphigoid patients in Germany: new insights from a case-control study JF - Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft N2 - Background and objectives Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Other comorbid diseases are discussed controversially. We evaluated the prevalence of comorbidity in BP patients in a representative area of Germany. Patients and methods Medical files of all BP patients treated at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany, between June 2002 and May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Bullous pemphigoid was diagnosed based on established criteria. For each patient, two controls were individually matched. Records were evaluated for age, sex, laboratory values, concomitant medication and comorbidity. Conditional logistic regression, multivariable regression analysis and complex regression models were performed to compare results. Results 300 BP patients were identified and compared to 583 controls. Bullous pemphigoid was associated with neuropsychiatric disorders as well as laboratory abnormalities including leukocytosis and eosinophilia. Importantly, a highly significant association of BP with anemia (OR 2.127; 95 % CI 1.532–2.953) and renal impairment (OR 2.218; 95 % CI 1.643–2.993) was identified. No association was found with malignancy and arterial hypertension. Conclusions Our data revealed an increased frequency of anemia and renal impairment in BP patients. In accordance with previous studies the strong association for neuropsychiatric disorders was confirmed (p < 0.0005). KW - bullous pemphigoid KW - comorbid diseases KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318395 VL - 20 IS - 6 SP - 798 EP - 805 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diers, Johannes A1 - Acar, Laura A1 - Wagner, Johanna C. A1 - Baum, Philip A1 - Hankir, Mohammed A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Kastner, Carolin A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - L’hoest, Helmut A1 - Marschall, Ursula A1 - Lock, Johan Friso A1 - Wiegering, Armin T1 - Cancer diagnosis is one quarter lower than the expected cancer incidence in the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: A retrospective register-based cohort study JF - Cancer Communications N2 - No abstract available. KW - cancer diagnosis KW - COVID-19 pandemic KW - Germany Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312862 VL - 42 IS - 7 ER -