TY - JOUR A1 - Sancho, Ana A1 - Vandersmissen, Ine A1 - Craps, Sander A1 - Luttun, Aernout A1 - Groll, Jürgen T1 - A new strategy to measure intercellular adhesion forces in mature cell-cell contacts JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Intercellular adhesion plays a major role in tissue development and homeostasis. Yet, technologies to measure mature cell-cell contacts are not available. We introduce a methodology based on fluidic probe force microscopy to assess cell-cell adhesion forces after formation of mature intercellular contacts in cell monolayers. With this method we quantify that L929 fibroblasts exhibit negligible cell-cell adhesion in monolayers whereas human endothelial cells from the umbilical artery (HUAECs) exert strong intercellular adhesion forces per cell. We use a new in vitro model based on the overexpression of Muscle Segment Homeobox 1 (MSX1) to induce Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT), a process involved in cardiovascular development and disease. We reveal how intercellular adhesion forces in monolayer decrease significantly at an early stage of EndMT and we show that cells undergo stiffening and flattening at this stage. This new biomechanical insight complements and expands the established standard biomolecular analyses. Our study thus introduces a novel tool for the assessment of mature intercellular adhesion forces in a physiological setting that will be of relevance to biological processes in developmental biology, tissue regeneration and diseases like cancer and fibrosis. KW - intercellular adhesion KW - mature cell-cell contacts KW - atomic force microscopy KW - biophysics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170999 VL - 7 IS - 46152 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Stock, Claudia T1 - Wi man di ku fom ais kricht. Mit dem Grundschul-Wortschatz eine sichere Rechtschreibung erlernen N2 - Die Grundschulwörterliste ist eine Sammlung von ca. 6400 Wörtern bzw. Wortverbindungen auf knapp 280 Seiten, die es erleichtern sollen, Übungsdiktate für Grundschulkinder zu erstellen. Sie richtet sich damit vornehmlich an LehrerInnen, aber auch an LerntherapeutInnen und die Eltern der Kinder für das Lernen in der Schule, im Nachhilfeinstitut oder zu Hause. Die Wörterlisten basieren auf den Grundwortschätzen verschiedener Grundschullehrpläne und den Wörterlisten im Anhang von über 60 Schulbüchern. Damit decken sie repräsentativ den in der Rechtschreibung zu erlernenden Wortschatz ab und ermöglichen es darüber hinaus, durch spezielle Themenlisten Übungstexte mit spezifischen orthographischen Schwerpunkten zusammenzustellen. KW - Legasthenie KW - Rechtschreibung KW - Rechtschreibtraining KW - Legasthenie KW - Rechtschreibung KW - Rechtschreibtraining KW - dyslexia KW - orthography KW - spelling training Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154080 SN - 978-3-95826-054-2 (print) SN - 978-3-95826-055-9 (online) N1 - Parallel erschienen als Druckausgabe in Würzburg University Press, 978-3-95826-054-2, 29,80 EUR. PB - Würzburg Univerity Press CY - Würzburg ET - 1. Auflage ER - TY - THES A1 - Gaede, Jonathan T1 - Zur Verwendung astrologischer und alchemistischer Symbole in frühneuhochdeutschen Fachtexten N2 - In zahlreichen Fach- und Wissenschaftstexten der Frühen Neuzeit lassen sich astrologische und alchemistische Symbole finden. Neben den einschlägigen Texten aus den beiden historisch eng verwobenen Sachbereichen lassen sich diese Sonderzeichen noch in einer erstaunlichen Bandbreite weiterer Texte nachweisen, etwa in medizinischen und pharmazeutischen Schriften oder in Anleitungen zum Bergbau und zur Metallurgie. Aus linguistischer Perspektive und insbesondere auch aus Sicht der Fachsprachenforschung ist das Phänomen des astrologisch-alchemistischen Symbolgebrauchs in deutschsprachigen Fachtexten der Frühen Neuzeit allerdings bislang kaum beachtet worden. Die Gründe hierfür liegen zum einen in der linguistischen Klassifikation dieser Zeichen, zum anderen aber auch in den Schwierigkeiten der – analogen wie digitalen – Reproduktion der Zeichen und ihrer Bedeutungen. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert einen Überblick über die Herkunft, Bedeutung und Verwendung der wichtigsten alchemistischen und astrologischen Symbole und ihrer Abwandlungen und Varianten in unterschiedlichen fachlichen Kontexten. Darüber hinaus wird auch die Rolle der Drucker bei der Reproduktion astrologischer und alchemistischer Schriften beleuchtet, die der Problematik des Sonderzeichengebrauchs mit verschiedenen Improvisationen begegneten, z.B. durch das optische Nachbilden von Zeichen aus weiteren Drucklettern. Keineswegs stehen die Zeichen grundsätzlich isoliert neben dem Text; oft werden sie anstelle ausgeschriebener Worte direkt in diesen integriert und können sogar als Bestandteile von Komposita und Ableitungen auftreten. Gerade in ihrer Einbettung in deutschsprachigen Texten zeigt sich auch, dass diese Symbole weniger als Mittel der Geheimhaltung und vielmehr als Ausdruck der Gruppenzugehörigkeit zu den selbsternannten "wahren Philosophen" verwendet wurden. N2 - Astrological and alchemical Symbols can be found in numerous scientific or otherwise professional early modern age texts. Beneath texts from the relevant subjects, these special characters can occur in an astonishing number of other contexts, for instance in medical or pharmaceutical texts or in manuals for mining and metallurgy. However, for early modern age professional texts in German language, this phenomenon is rarely considered from a linguistic perspective. The reasons for this are rooted in the problematic linguistic classification of these symbols, but also in the ongoing problems of reproducing the characters and their meaning by analogical and digital means. The paper provides an overview for the provenance, meaning and usage of the most relevant alchemistical and astrological symbols in different professional contexts. Furthermore, the role of the historic printers in the reproduction of texts with alchemistical and astrological symbols is illuminated. Confronted with problematic special characters, they often resorted to creative improvisations like the emulation of missing characters by Juxtaposition of other letters. The symbols are by no means strictly separated from the running text; they are frequently used in place of fully written words and word components. The frequent embedding of the symbols in German texts shows that they are used less as means of encryption and more as a way of displaying an affiliation with the self-proclaimed "true philosophers". T3 - WespA. Würzburger elektronische sprachwissenschaftliche Arbeiten - 19 KW - Wissenschaftssprache KW - Alchemie KW - Astronomie KW - Astrologie KW - Historische Sprachwissenschaft KW - academic language KW - alchemy KW - astronomy KW - astrology KW - historical linguistics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153198 SN - 978-3-945459-19-5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ullmann, Tobias A1 - Banks, Sarah N. A1 - Schmitt, Andreas A1 - Jagdhuber, Thomas T1 - Scattering characteristics of X-, C- and L-Band PolSAR data examined for the tundra environment of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Canada JF - Applied Sciences N2 - In this study, polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) data at X-, C- and L-Bands, acquired by the satellites: TerraSAR-X (2011), Radarsat-2 (2011), ALOS (2010) and ALOS-2 (2016), were used to characterize the tundra land cover of a test site located close to the town of Tuktoyaktuk, NWT, Canada. Using available in situ ground data collected in 2010 and 2012, we investigate PolSAR scattering characteristics of common tundra land cover classes at X-, C- and L-Bands. Several decomposition features of quad-, co-, and cross-polarized data were compared, the correlation between them was investigated, and the class separability offered by their different feature spaces was analyzed. Certain PolSAR features at each wavelength were sensitive to the land cover and exhibited distinct scattering characteristics. Use of shorter wavelength imagery (X and C) was beneficial for the characterization of wetland and tundra vegetation, while L-Band data highlighted differences of the bare ground classes better. The Kennaugh Matrix decomposition applied in this study provided a unified framework to store, process, and analyze all data consistently, and the matrix offered a favorable feature space for class separation. Of all elements of the quad-polarized Kennaugh Matrix, the intensity based elements K0, K1, K2, K3 and K4 were found to be most valuable for class discrimination. These elements contributed to better class separation as indicated by an increase of the separability metrics squared Jefferys Matusita Distance and Transformed Divergence. The increase in separability was up to 57% for Radarsat-2 and up to 18% for ALOS-2 data. KW - decomposition KW - arctic KW - PolSAR KW - dual polarimetry KW - quad polarimetry KW - TerraSAR-X KW - Radarsat-2 KW - ALOS KW - ALOS-2 KW - tundra Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158362 VL - 7 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bergfeld, Arne A1 - Dasari, Prasad A1 - Werner, Sandra A1 - Hughes, Timothy R. A1 - Song, Wen-Chao A1 - Hortschansky, Peter A1 - Brakhage, Axel A. A1 - Hünig, Thomas A1 - Zipfel, Peter F. A1 - Beyersdorf, Niklas T1 - Direct binding of the pH-regulated Protein 1 (Pra1) from Candida albicans inhibits cytokine secretion by mouse CD4\(^{+}\) T cells JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Opportunistic infections with the saprophytic yeast Candida albicans are a major cause of morbidity in immunocompromised patients. While the interaction of cells and molecules of innate immunity with C. albicans has been studied to great depth, comparatively little is known about the modulation of adaptive immunity by C. albicans. In particular, direct interaction of proteins secreted by C. albicans with CD4\(^{+}\) T cells has not been studied in detail. In a first screening approach, we identified the pH-regulated antigen 1 (Pra1) as a molecule capable of directly binding to mouse CD4\(^{+}\) T cells in vitro. Binding of Pra1 to the T cell surface was enhanced by extracellular Zn\(^{2+}\) ions which Pra1 is known to scavenge from the host in order to supply the fungus with Zn\(^{2+}\). In vitro stimulation assays using highly purified mouse CD4\(^{+}\) T cells showed that Pra1 increased proliferation of CD4\(^{+}\) T cells in the presence of plate-bound anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. In contrast, secretion of effector cytokines such as IFNγ and TNF by CD4\(^{+}\) T cells upon anti-CD3/ anti-CD28 mAb as well as cognate antigen stimulation was reduced in the presence of Pra1. By secreting Pra1 C. albicans, thus, directly modulates and partially controls CD4\(^{+}\) T cell responses as shown in our in vitro assays. KW - Candida albicans KW - pH-regulated antigen 1 (Pra1) KW - CD4\(^{+}\) T cells KW - immune evasion KW - cytokine secretion Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158274 VL - 8 IS - 844 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Kleinsorg, Lea Kristin T1 - Die Entwicklung der Staatlichkeit der Republik Gambia während Yahya Jammehs Amtszeit T1 - The Development of The Gambia‘s Statehood during Yahya Jammeh‘s Mandate N2 - Die westafrikanische Republik Gambia wurde zwei Jahrzehnte lang von Yayha Jammeh regiert. 1994 putschte er sich an die Macht und behielt diese vier Legislaturperioden lang, bis er im Dezember 2016 die Präsidentschaftswahlen überraschend gegen seinen Konkurrenten Adama Barrow verlor. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung der Staatlichkeit der Republik Gambia während Jammehs Amtszeit. Für den Zeitraum seit der Staatsgründung im Jahr 1965 bis zur ersten Erhebung durch den US-amerikanischen Think Tank Fund for Peace 2006 gibt es keine umfassende Untersuchung über den Zustand der gambischen Staatlichkeit. Durch die Anwendung der Theorie fragiler Staatlichkeit nach Ulrich Schneckener soll mit der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Teil dieser Lücke geschlossen werden. Dazu werden für jede der vier Legislaturperioden Jammehs die von Schneckener benannten Staatsfunktionen (Sicherheit, Legitimität/Rechtsstaatlichkeit, Wohlfahrt) einzeln untersucht, um anschließend den Zustand der Staatlichkeit Gambias einzuordnen. Dazu werden sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Daten einschließlich Experteninterviews verwendet. Anhand eines Vergleichs der einzelnen Typologisierungen ist es möglich, abschließend ein Gesamtbild der Entwicklung der gambischen Staatlichkeit während Jammehs Amtszeit zu zeichnen. N2 - The West African Republic of The Gambia was ruled by Yayha Jammeh for two decades. He reached power through a coup in 1994 and retained it for four legislature periods until he unexpectedly lost the election against his competitor Adama Barrow in December 2016. This paper examines the development of The Gambia’s statehood during Jammeh’s tenure. From the establishment of the state in 1965 until the first survey carried out in 2006 by the American think tank Fund for Peace, no comprehensive examination of The Gambia’s statehood had been carried out. This paper aims to close part of this gap by using Ulrich Schneckener’s theory of fragile statehood. Each of the state functions identified by Schneckener (security, legitimacy/rule of law, welfare) are analyzed separately in order to categorize The Gambia’s statehood. Quantitative as well as qualitative data including expert interviews are used. Based on a comparison of each typology, it is possible to draw an overall picture of the development of The Gambia’s statehood during Jammeh’s time in power. T3 - Schriftenreihe Junges Afrikazentrum (JAZ) - 6 KW - Gambia KW - begrenzte Staatlichkeit KW - Jammeh, Yayha KW - Schneckener, Ulrich KW - Westafrika KW - Globaler Süden KW - fragile Staatlichkeit KW - fragile state KW - West Africa Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154500 SN - 2199-4315 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Münchow, Hannes A1 - Mengelkamp, Christoph A1 - Bannert, Maria T1 - The better you feel the better you learn: do warm colours and rounded shapes enhance learning outcome in multimedia learning? JF - Education Research International N2 - The aim of the present study was to examine whether fostering positive activating affect during multimedia learning enhances learning outcome. University students were randomly assigned to either a multimedia learning environment designed to induce positive activating affect through the use of “warm” colours and rounded shapes () or an affectively neutral environment that used achromatic colours and sharp edges (). Participants learned about the topic of functional neuroanatomy for 20 minutes and had to answer several questions for comprehension and transfer afterwards. Affective states as well as achievement goal orientations were investigated before and after the learning phase using questionnaires. The results show that participants in the affectively positive environment were superior in comprehension as well as transfer when initial affect was strong. Preexperimental positive affect was therefore a predictor of comprehension and a moderator for transfer. Goal orientations did not influence these effects. The findings support the idea that positive affect, induced through the design of the particular multimedia learning environment, can facilitate performance if initial affective states are taken into account. KW - shape KW - learning outcome KW - multimedia learning KW - colour Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158566 VL - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thalhammer, Johanna T1 - L’art de bien chanter und Von der Kunst zierlich zu singen und zu spielen – Eine kontrastive Analyse von Texten der musikalischen Fachsprache im 18. Jahrhundert anhand von Auszügen aus Code de musique pratique, Rameau (1760) und Der vollkommene Capellmeister, Mattheson (1739) JF - promptus - Würzburger Beiträge zur Romanistik N2 - This article is an analysis and a comparison of German and French special language of music in the 18th century, more precisely about the terms used to describe the activity of singing. The analysis is based on two treatises about music theory. The first writing, Der Vollkommene Capellmeister, was written by Johann Mattheson in 1739 and the second, Code de musique pratique by Jean-Philippe Rameau was published in 1760. Both texts contain a chapter which gives explanations how to sing. The treatises include different types of technical words: specific terms easy identified as special language terms like names of ornaments in the music, special verbs standing for singing, and words and anaphors to describe tonality and dynamics. By having a look on the terms of music language, the influence of Italian and French words on German vocabulary of music becomes obvious. The vocabulary is often similar in both languages, but not always defined as a part of the special language of music. KW - special language of music KW - contrastive analysis of languages KW - vocabulary of singing KW - Mattheson KW - Rameau Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172958 SN - 2510-2613 VL - 3 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Grief, Lukas A1 - Altmann, Michael A1 - Bogaschewsky, Ronald T1 - The impact of sustainable supply chain management practices on performance metrics – A meta-analysis N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht mittels einer Meta-Analyse den Zusammenhang zwischen nachhaltigkeitsorientierter Supply Chain-Aktivitäten und der Unternehmensperformance. Es sollen auf Grundlage einer breiten Datenbasis aus den Jahren 2000 bis 2013 fundierte und aussagekräftige Zusammenhänge zwischen ökologisch nachhaltigen Supply Chain Aktivitäten und deren Wirkung auf unterschiedliche Bereiche der Unternehmensperformance hergestellt werden N2 - Based on a broad data basis considering the years 2000 - 2013, we conduct a meta-analysis to research the influence of sustainable supply chain practices on different aspects of measurable company performance. T2 - Eine Meta-Analyse zur Untersuchung der Auswirkung nachhaltigkeitsorientierter Supply Chain-Aktivitäten auf die Unternehmensperformance T3 - Working Paper Series of the Institute of Business Management - 5 KW - Supply Chain Management KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - supply chain management KW - sustainability Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153833 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Danner, Nadja A1 - Keller, Alexander A1 - Härtel, Stephan A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf T1 - Honey bee foraging ecology: Season but not landscape diversity shapes the amount and diversity of collected pollen JF - PLoS ONE N2 - The availability of pollen in agricultural landscapes is essential for the successful growth and reproduction of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera L.). The quantity and diversity of collected pollen can influence the growth and health of honey bee colonies, but little is known about the influence of landscape structure on pollen diet. In a field experiment, we rotated 16 honey bee colonies across 16 agricultural landscapes, used traps to collect samples of collected pollen and observed intra-colonial dance communication to gain information about foraging distances. DNA metabarcoding was applied to analyze mixed pollen samples. Neither the amount of collected pollen nor pollen diversity was related to landscape diversity. However, we found a strong seasonal variation in the amount and diversity of collected pollen in all sites independent of landscape diversity. The observed increase in foraging distances with decreasing landscape diversity suggests that honey bees compensated for lower landscape diversity by increasing their pollen foraging range in order to maintain pollen amount and diversity. Our results underscore the importance of a diverse pollen diet for honey bee colonies. Agri-environmental schemes aiming to support pollinators should focus on possible spatial and temporal gaps in pollen availability and diversity in agricultural landscapes. KW - honey bees KW - pollen KW - season KW - foraging Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170424 VL - 12 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwab, Andrea A1 - Meeuwsen, Annick A1 - Ehlicke, Franziska A1 - Hansmann, Jan A1 - Mulder, Lars A1 - Smits, Anthal A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Kock, Linda T1 - Ex vivo culture platform for assessment of cartilage repair treatment strategies JF - ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation N2 - There is a great need for valuable ex vivo models that allow for assessment of cartilage repair strategies to reduce the high number of animal experiments. In this paper we present three studies with our novel ex vivo osteochondral culture platform. It consists of two separated media compartments for cartilage and bone, which better represents the in vivo situation and enables supply of factors pecific to the different needs of bone and cartilage. We investigated whether separation of the cartilage and bone compartments and/or culture media results in the maintenance of viability, structural and functional properties of cartilage tissue. Next, we valuated for how long we can preserve cartilage matrix stability of osteochondral explants during long-term culture over 84 days. Finally, we determined the optimal defect size that does not show spontaneous self-healing in this culture system. It was demonstrated that separated compartments for cartilage and bone in combination with tissue-specific medium allow for long-term culture of osteochondral explants while maintaining cartilage viability, atrix tissue content, structure and mechanical properties for at least 56 days. Furthermore, we could create critical size cartilage defects of different sizes in the model. The osteochondral model represents a valuable preclinical ex vivo tool for studying clinically relevant cartilage therapies, such as cartilage biomaterials, for their regenerative potential, for evaluation of drug and cell therapies, or to study mechanisms of cartilage regeneration. It will undoubtedly reduce the number of animals needed for in vivotesting. KW - ex vivo model KW - osteochondral biopsy KW - cartilage repair KW - critical size defect KW - replacement Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181665 VL - 34 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghosh, Sujal A1 - Hönscheid, Andrea A1 - Dückers, Gregor A1 - Ginzel, Sebastian A1 - Gohlke, Holger A1 - Gombert, Michael A1 - Kempkes, Bettina A1 - Klapper, Wolfram A1 - Kuhlen, Michaela A1 - Laws, Hans-Jürgen A1 - Linka, René Martin A1 - Meisel, Roland A1 - Mielke, Christian A1 - Niehues, Tim A1 - Schindler, Detlev A1 - Schneider, Dominik A1 - Schuster, Friedhelm R. A1 - Speckmann, Carsten A1 - Borkhardt, Arndt T1 - Human RAD52 - a novel player in DNA repair in cancer and immunodeficiency JF - Haematologica N2 - No abstract available. KW - human medicine KW - DNA-Repair KW - cancer KW - immunodeficiency KW - RAD52 Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180862 VL - 102 IS - 2 ER -