TY - CHAP A1 - Toepfer, Regina T1 - Antike Historiographie im deutschen Südwesten: Das Übersetzungswerk Hieronymus Boners T2 - Humanismus im deutschen Südwesten: Akten des gemeinsam mit dem Verein für Kunst und Altertum in Ulm und Oberschwaben und dem Stadtarchiv-Haus der Stadtgeschichte Ulm am 25./26. Oktober 2013 veranstalteten Symposions im Schwörhaus Ulm N2 - Die Druckerstädte im deutschen Südwesten, allen voran Augsburg und Straßburg, leisteten einen entscheidenden Beitrag bei der Erschließung antiker Literatur für lateinunkundige Leser. Einer der produktivsten Autoren war Hieronymus Boner, der zahlreiche historiographische Werke des Altertums übersetzte. Der Beitrag untersucht Boners Geschichtsverständnis und seinen Übersetzungsstil, um daraus grundlegende Schlussfolgerungen für das Verhältnis von Volkssprache und Humanismus abzuleiten. Das Beispiel einer übersetzten Episode aus dem ersten Buch von Herodots ‚Historien‘ zeigt, wie die Beschäftigung mit antiken Klassikern zur Ausbildung einer frühneuhochdeutschen Literatur und Literatursprache beitrug. Weil Boners Übersetzungswerk sich sowohl von freieren mittelalterlichen Adaptationen als auch von modernen philologischen Editionen unterscheidet, wird sein Verfahren als erzählendes Übersetzen charakterisiert. KW - Übersetzung KW - Volkssprache KW - Poetologie KW - Antikenrezeption KW - Südwestdeutschland KW - Humanismus KW - Boner, Hieronymus KW - Geschichtsschreibung Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303261 SN - 978-3-447-10344-2 PB - Harrassowitz Verlag CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Toepfer, Regina T1 - ‚So voll Zorns / daß alle vernunfft vom ihm schied.’: Handlungsmotivation und Tragikkonzept in der ‚Melusine’ des Thüring von Ringoltingen. T2 - Tragik vor der Moderne: Literaturwissenschaftliche Analyse. N2 - Mittels der basalen narratologischen Kategorie der Handlungsmotivierung wird gezeigt, inwiefern sich antike Tragödientheorien und das moderne Tragikverständnis unterscheiden. Während Aristoteles und Seneca den Sturz ins Unglück kausal begründen und dem Helden selbst die Verantwortung zuschreiben, ist die Katastrophe bei Hegel, aber auch schon bei Boethius final motiviert und kann nicht verhindert werden. Wie verschiedene Erklärungsansätze innerhalb eines frühneuhochdeutschen Prosaromans miteinander konkurrieren, beleuchtet die Autorin an der ‘Melusine’ des Thüring von Ringoltingen. Wird das Unglück der Protagonisten auf das Strukturschema der gestörten Mahrtenehe oder einen Plan Gottes zurückgeführt, erscheint die Handlung final motiviert. Die reuevollen Klagen des Ehemanns, der einen Tabubruch begangen hat und sich selbst eines Fehlverhaltens bezichtigt, weisen jedoch in eine andere Richtung. Vor allem die paradigmatischen Bezüge zu anderen Normverstößen belegen, dass Thüring von Ringoltingen das Unglück hauptsächlich kausal erklärt und wie Seneca auf den Affekt des Zorns zurückführt. KW - Prosaroman KW - Affekt KW - Tabu KW - Narratologie KW - Tragik KW - Zorn Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-299188 SN - 978-3-8253-6309-3 PB - Universitätsverlag Winter CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Toepfer, Regina T1 - Mediävistik für das 21. Jahrhundert: Die App ‚Frankfurt im Mittelalter. Auf den Spuren des Passionsspiels von 1492‘ aus fachwissenschaftlicher Perspektive JF - Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur N2 - Der Beitrag stellt das didaktische Konzept und das digitale Produkt eines mediävistischen Lehrprojekts der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt vor. In einem auf zwei Semester angelegten ‚Schreibforschungsseminar‘ setzten sich Studierende wissenschaftlich mit der lokalen Spieltradition im späten Mittelalter auseinander und entwickelten einen Stadtrundgang in zwölf Stationen für eine App, die Geschichten rund um das ‚Frankfurter Passionsspiels‘ von 1493 erzählt. Was bei der Vermittlung fachspezifischer Inhalte an ein fachfremdes Publikum zu beachten ist, wird thematisiert und an der Hörstation zur Frankfurter Nikolaikirche ‚Die Ratsherren und das Letzte Abendmahl‘ exemplarisch vorgeführt. KW - Frankfurter Passionsspiel KW - Lehrprojekt KW - Mittelalterdidaktik KW - Schreibdidaktik KW - Mediävistik KW - App KW - Didaktik Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-298447 UR - https://www.hirzel.de/brand/ZfdA SN - 0044-2518 VL - 144 IS - 2 PB - S. Hirzel CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraft, Stephan T1 - Auswege aus der Gewissensfalle? : zu August von Kotzebues "Menschenhaß und Reue" und seinem Folgestück "Die edle Lüge" T2 - Gewissen N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Kotzebue, August von / Menschenhaß und Reue KW - Kotzebue, August von / Die edle Lüge KW - Gewissen Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-282543 PB - Könighausen&Neumann CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Boris A1 - Goebeler, Matthias A1 - Weissbrich, Benedikt A1 - Kerstan, Andreas T1 - Kerinokeratosis papulosa of childhood JF - Dermatology N2 - Background: Kerinokeratosis papulosa (KP) is considered an extremely rare genodermatosis presenting usually as waxy papules on the trunk in childhood. Objective: To describe and analyze the clinical, histological and potential etiopathological aspects of KP. Methods: The dermatoscopic features of a new case of KP of childhood are investigated. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in lesional skin was studied by polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, all cases of KP of childhood reported so far were reviewed. Results: As a diagnostic tool, we describe for the first time a dermatoscopic feature, namely a cribriform pattern of KP, in an 11-year-old boy. In addition, we detected HPV (type 57) in his KP lesions. Conclusions: Dermatoscopic examination might be a useful tool to distinguish KP from other skin lesions, e.g. common warts. The detection of HPV type 57 might hint to an etiological role of HPV for KP. KW - Waxy papulosis of childhood KW - Human papillomavirus KW - EVER1 KW - EVER2 KW - Kerinokeratosis papulosa Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198997 SN - 1018-8665 SN - 1421-9832 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 231 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 4 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraft, Stephan T1 - Ein Fürst, ein Philosoph und ein Roman. Herzog Anton Ulrich und Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz im Gespräch über »Die Römische Octavia« T2 - ossa leibnitii. 10. und 11. Leibniz-Festtage 2013/2014 N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Anton Ulrich, Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Herzog KW - Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm KW - Anton Ulrich, Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Herzog / Octavia Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257910 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraft, Stephan T1 - "So ahm den Griechen nach. Der Griech‘ erfand!". Reflexionen über eine Nachfolge Arno Schmidts bei Uwe Timm und Georg Klein T2 - Arno Schmidt und der Kanon N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Timm, Uwe / Freitisch KW - Klein, Georg / Chicago / Baracken KW - Klein, Georg / Arbeit am Blasator KW - Rezeption Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257739 PB - text + kritik CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hochleitner, Gernot A1 - Jüngst, Tomasz A1 - Brown, Toby D A1 - Hahn, Kathrin A1 - Moseke, Claus A1 - Jakob, Franz A1 - Dalton, Paul D A1 - Groll, Jürgen T1 - Additive manufacturing of scaffolds with sub-micron filaments via melt electrospinning writing JF - Biofabrication N2 - The aim of this study was to explore the lower resolution limits of an electrohydrodynamic process combined with direct writing technology of polymer melts. Termed melt electrospinning writing, filaments are deposited layer-by-layer to produce discrete three-dimensional scaffolds for in vitro research. Through optimization of the parameters (flow rate, spinneret diameter, voltage, collector distance) for poly-ϵ-caprolactone, we could direct-write coherent scaffolds with ultrafine filaments, the smallest being 817 ± 165 nm. These low diameter filaments were deposited to form box-structures with a periodicity of 100.6 ± 5.1 μm and a height of 80 μm (50 stacked filaments; 100 overlap at intersections). We also observed oriented crystalline regions within such ultrafine filaments after annealing at 55 °C. The scaffolds were printed upon NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO)-coated glass slide surfaces and withstood frequent liquid exchanges with negligible scaffold detachment for at least 10 days in vitro. KW - additive manufacturing KW - 3D printing KW - biodegradable polymers KW - microstructures KW - nanostructures Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254053 VL - 7 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hinderer, Svenja A1 - Shen, Nian A1 - Ringuette, Léa-Jeanne A1 - Hansmann, Jan A1 - Reinhardt, Dieter P A1 - Brucker, Sara Y A1 - Davis, Elaine C A1 - Schenke-Layland, Katja T1 - In vitro elastogenesis: instructing human vascular smooth muscle cells to generate an elastic fiber-containing extracellular matrix scaffold JF - Biomedical Materials N2 - Elastic fibers are essential for the proper function of organs including cardiovascular tissues such as heart valves and blood vessels. Although (tropo)elastin production in a tissue-engineered construct has previously been described, the assembly to functional elastic fibers in vitro using human cells has been highly challenging. In the present study, we seeded primary isolated human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) onto 3D electrospun scaffolds and exposed them to defined laminar shear stress using a customized bioreactor system. Increased elastin expression followed by elastin deposition onto the electrospun scaffolds, as well as on newly formed fibers, was observed after six days. Most interestingly, we identified the successful deposition of elastogenesis-associated proteins, including fibrillin-1 and -2, fibulin-4 and -5, fibronectin, elastin microfibril interface located protein 1 (EMILIN-1) and lysyl oxidase (LOX) within our engineered constructs. Ultrastructural analyses revealed a developing extracellular matrix (ECM) similar to native human fetal tissue, which is composed of collagens, microfibrils and elastin. To conclude, the combination of a novel dynamic flow bioreactor and an electrospun hybrid polymer scaffold allowed the production and assembly of an elastic fiber-containing ECM. KW - elastin KW - elastic fibers KW - electrospinning KW - tissue engineering KW - regenerative medicine KW - heart valve KW - cardiovascular Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254074 VL - 10 IS - 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraft, Stephan T1 - Benn, Oelze und das Dritte Reich : zum Oelzebriefwechsel im Nationalsozialismus T2 - Benn-Forum. Beiträge zur literarischen Moderne N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Benn, Gottfried KW - Oelze, Friedrich Wilhelm KW - Briefwechsel Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252887 VL - 4 (2014/2015) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staffeldt, Sven T1 - Rezension: Rolf, Eckard. 2013. Inferentielle Pragmatik. Zur Theorie der Sprecher-Bedeutung. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag. 209 S., 29,80 €, ISBN 978-3-503-13754-1 JF - Zeitschrift für Angewandte Linguistik N2 - No abstract available. KW - Rezension Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193340 SN - 2190-0191 SN - 1433-9889 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 62 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altenburger, Roland T1 - Cao, Juan: In der Sackgasse oder auf dem Weg zu einem neuen Paradigma? Die Erforschung des Romans Der Traum der roten Kammer (Rotologie) im 21. Jahrhundert (Lun Wen: Studien zur Geistesgeschichte und Literatur in China; 17). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2013. XII, 256 S. ISBN 978-3-447-06992-2 JF - Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques N2 - No abstract available. KW - Rezension Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193941 SN - 0004-4717 SN - 2235-5871 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 69 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Matsuda, Yoichi A1 - Uno, Yoshinobu A1 - Kondo, Mariko A1 - Gilchrist, Michael J. A1 - Zorn, Aaron M. A1 - Rokhsar, Daniel S. A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Taira, Masanori T1 - A New Nomenclature of Xenopus laevis Chromosomes Based on the Phylogenetic Relationship to Silurana/Xenopus tropicalis JF - Cytogenetic and Genome Research N2 - Xenopus laevis (XLA) is an allotetraploid species which appears to have undergone whole-genome duplication after the interspecific hybridization of 2 diploid species closely related to Silurana/Xenopus tropicalis (XTR). Previous cDNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments have identified 9 sets of homoeologous chromosomes in X. laevis, in which 8 sets correspond to chromosomes 1-8 of X. tropicalis (XTR1-XTR8), and the last set corresponds to a fusion of XTR9 and XTR10. In addition, recent X. laevis genome sequencing and BAC-FISH experiments support this physiological relationship and show no gross chromosome translocation in the X. laevis karyotype. Therefore, for the benefit of both comparative cytogenetics and genome research, we here propose a new chromosome nomenclature for X. laevis based on the phylogenetic relationship and chromosome length, i.e. XLA1L, XLA1S, XLA2L, XLA2S, and so on, in which the numbering of XLA chromosomes corresponds to that in X. tropicalis and the postfixes ‘L' and ‘S' stand for ‘long' and ‘short' chromosomes in the homoeologous pairs, which can be distinguished cytologically by their relative size. The last chromosome set is named XLA9L and XLA9S, in which XLA9 corresponds to both XTR9 and XTR10, and hence, to emphasize the phylogenetic relationship to X. tropicalis, XLA9_10L and XLA9_10S are also used as synonyms. KW - BrdU replication banding pattern KW - homoeologous chromosomes KW - nomenclature KW - Xenopus laevis KW - Xenopus tropicalis Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196748 SN - 1424-8581 SN - 1424-859X N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 145 IS - 3-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Evans, Ben J. A1 - Bogart, James P. T1 - Polyploidy in Amphibia JF - Cytogenetic and Genome Research N2 - This review summarizes the current status of the known extant genuine polyploid anuran and urodelan species, as well as spontaneously originated and/or experimentally produced amphibian polyploids. The mechanisms by which polyploids can originate, the meiotic pairing configurations, the diploidization processes operating in polyploid genomes, the phenomenon of hybridogenesis, and the relationship between polyploidization and sex chromosome evolution are discussed. The polyploid systems in some important amphibian taxa are described in more detail. KW - allopolyploidy KW - Anura KW - autopolyploidy KW - diploidization KW - hybridogenesis KW - polyploidization KW - sex chromosome evolution KW - Urodela Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196730 SN - 1424-8581 SN - 1424-859X N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 145 IS - 3-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Michael A1 - Steinlein, Claus T1 - Chromosome Banding in Amphibia. XXXII. The Genus Xenopus (Anura, Pipidae) JF - Cytogenetic and Genome Research N2 - Mitotic chromosomes of 16 species of the frog genus Xenopus were prepared from kidney and lung cell cultures. In the chromosomes of 7 species, high-resolution replication banding patterns could be induced by treating the cultures with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and deoxythymidine (dT) in succession, and in 6 of these species the BrdU/dT-banded chromosomes could be arranged into karyotypes. In the 3 species of the clade with 2n = 20 and 4n = 40 chromosomes (X. tropicalis, X. epitropicalis, X. new tetraploid 1), as well as in the 3 species with 4n = 36 chromosomes (X. laevis, X. borealis, X. muelleri), the BrdU/dT-banded karyotypes show a high degree of homoeology, though differences were detected between these groups. Translocations, inversions, insertions or sex-specific replication bands were not observed. Minor replication asynchronies found between chromosomes probably involve heterochromatic regions. BrdU/dT replication banding of Xenopus chromosomes provides the landmarks necessary for the exact physical mapping of genes and repetitive sequences. FISH with an X. laevis 5S rDNA probe detected multiple hybridization sites at or near the long-arm telomeric regions in most chromosomes of X. laevis and X. borealis, whereas in X. muelleri, the 5S rDNA sequences are located exclusively at the long-arm telomeres of a single chromosome pair. Staining with the AT base pair-specific fluorochrome quinacrine mustard revealed brightly fluorescing heterochromatic regions in the majority of X. borealis chromosomes which are absent in other Xenopus species. KW - X. laevis-type karyotype KW - X. tropicalis-type karyotype KW - BrdU/dT replication banding KW - chromosome staining KW - FISH KW - polyploidy KW - Xenopus Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196727 SN - 1424-8581 SN - 1424-859X N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 145 IS - 3-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poot, Martin A1 - Haaf, Thomas T1 - Mechanisms of Origin, Phenotypic Effects and Diagnostic Implications of Complex Chromosome Rearrangements JF - Molecular Syndromology N2 - Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) are currently defined as structural genome variations that involve more than 2 chromosome breaks and result in exchanges of chromosomal segments. They are thought to be extremely rare, but their detection rate is rising because of improvements in molecular cytogenetic technology. Their population frequency is also underestimated, since many CCRs may not elicit a phenotypic effect. CCRs may be the result of fork stalling and template switching, microhomology-mediated break-induced repair, breakage-fusion-bridge cycles, or chromothripsis. Patients with chromosomal instability syndromes show elevated rates of CCRs due to impaired DNA double-strand break responses during meiosis. Therefore, the putative functions of the proteins encoded by ATM, BLM, WRN, ATR, MRE11, NBS1, and RAD51 in preventing CCRs are discussed. CCRs may exert a pathogenic effect by either (1) gene dosage-dependent mechanisms, e.g. haploinsufficiency, (2) mechanisms based on disruption of the genomic architecture, such that genes, parts of genes or regulatory elements are truncated, fused or relocated and thus their interactions disturbed - these mechanisms will predominantly affect gene expression - or (3) mixed mutation mechanisms in which a CCR on one chromosome is combined with a different type of mutation on the other chromosome. Such inferred mechanisms of pathogenicity need corroboration by mRNA sequencing. Also, future studies with in vitro models, such as inducible pluripotent stem cells from patients with CCRs, and transgenic model organisms should substantiate current inferences regarding putative pathogenic effects of CCRs. The ramifications of the growing body of information on CCRs for clinical and experimental genetics and future treatment modalities are briefly illustrated with 2 cases, one of which suggests KDM4C(JMJD2C) as a novel candidate gene for mental retardation. KW - triplosufficiency KW - complex chromosome rearrangements KW - DNA double-strand break KW - haploinsufficiency KW - mixed mutation mechanisms KW - structural genome variations Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196524 SN - 1661-8769 SN - 1661-8777 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 6 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Eberhard A1 - El Hajj, Nady A1 - Müller, Fabian A1 - Navarro, Bianca A1 - Haaf, Thomas T1 - Epigenetic Dysregulation in the Prefrontal Cortex of Suicide Completers JF - Cytogenetic and Genome Research N2 - The epigenome is thought to mediate between genes and the environment, particularly in response to adverse life experiences. Similar to other psychiatric diseases, the suicide liability of an individual appears to be influenced by many genetic factors of small effect size as well as by environmental stressors. To identify epigenetic marks associated with suicide, which is considered the endpoint of complex gene-environment interactions, we compared the cortex DNA methylation patterns of 6 suicide completers versus 6 non-psychiatric sudden-death controls, using Illumina 450K methylation arrays. Consistent with a multifactorial disease model, we found DNA methylation changes in a large number of genes, but no changes with large effects reaching genome-wide significance. Global methylation of all analyzed CpG sites was significantly (0.25 percentage point) lower in suicide than in control brains, whereas the vast majority (97%) of the top 1,000 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were higher methylated (0.6 percentage point) in suicide brains. Annotation analysis of the top 1,000 DMRs revealed an enrichment of differentially methylated promoters in functional categories associated with transcription and expression in the brain. In addition, we performed a comprehensive literature research to identify suicide genes that have been replicated in independent genetic association, brain methylation and/or expression studies. Although, in general, there was no significant overlap between different published data sets or between our top 1,000 DMRs and published data sets, our methylation screen strengthens a number of candidate genes (APLP2, BDNF, HTR1A, NUAK1, PHACTR3, MSMP, SLC6A4, SYN2, and SYNE2) and supports a role for epigenetics in the pathophysiology of suicide. KW - Cortex KW - DNA methylation KW - Suicidal behavior KW - Transcription regulation Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199032 SN - 1424-8581 SN - 1424-859X VL - 146 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kolominsky-Rabas, Peter L. A1 - Wiedmann, Silke A1 - Weingärtner, Michael A1 - Liman, Thomas G. A1 - Endres, Matthias A1 - Schwab, Stefan A1 - Buchfelder, Michael A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U. T1 - Time Trends in Incidence of Pathological and Etiological Stroke Subtypes during 16 Years: The Erlangen Stroke Project JF - Neuroepidemiology N2 - Background: Population-based data, which continuously monitors time trends in stroke epidemiology are limited. We investigated the incidence of pathological and etiological stroke subtypes over a 16 year time period. Methods: Data were collected within the Erlangen Stroke Project (ESPro), a prospective, population-based stroke register in Germany covering a total study population of 105,164 inhabitants (2010). Etiology of ischemic stroke was classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria. Results: Between January 1995 and December 2010, 3,243 patients with first-ever stroke were documented. The median age was 75 and 55% were females. The total stroke incidence decreased over the 16 year study period in men (Incidence Rate Ratio 1995-1996 vs. 2009-2010 (IRR) 0.78; 95% CI 0.58-0.90) but not in women. Among stroke subtypes, a decrease in ischemic stroke incidence (IRR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57-0.93) and of large artery atherosclerotic stroke (IRR 0.27; 95% CI 0.12-0.59) was found in men and an increase of stroke due to small artery occlusion in women (IRR 2.33; 95% CI 1.39-3.90). Conclusions: Variations in time trends of pathological and etiological stroke subtypes were found between men and women that might be linked to gender differences in the development of major vascular risk factors in the study population. KW - stroke KW - epidemiology KW - incidence KW - time trends KW - register Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196503 SN - 0251-5350 SN - 1423-0208 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 44 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Osmers, Maria T1 - Zwischen Vergemeinschaftung und Anarchie. Zur Konzeption und Wahrnehmung polisübergreifender Beziehungen in klassischer Zeit JF - Klio N2 - Der Artikel fragt zunächst nach Konzepten, die in klassischer Zeit von Außenpolitik existierten. Überlegungen zu diesem Thema sind in den antiken philosophischen Schriften greifbar, wobei Vorstellungen von der Funktionsweise des Oikos und der Polis auf den griechischen Raum übertragen wurden. Ähnliche Kategorien, um polisübergreifende Beziehungen zu beschreiben, griff die politische Rhetorik auf. Bezogen sich antike Autoren jedoch in allgemeinen Abhandlungen auf die Außenpolitik, wurde der Krieg als bestimmendes Element identifiziert. Das theoretische Konzept von Außenpolitik konnte demnach für die Zeitgenossen in der Praxis wenig Wirkung entfalten. Ursachen hierfür waren sowohl die unsteten Verhältnisse des 4. Jahrhunderts als auch die konkrete Konzeption der Außenpolitik, da die Interaktion im griechischen Raum anders funktionierte als in kleineren sozialen Einheiten. Zudem wurden real existierende Mechanismen zur Befriedung von Hellas nur unzureichend in die Konzeption integriert. N2 - This paper explores Classical Greek concepts of what today is understood as foreign policy. In philosophical treatises, the matter is mainly conceived by transferring the idea of how oikos and polis functioned onto the field of inter-state relations. Similar notions were employed by political rhetoric to describe interaction between poleis. Yet, whenever literature makes reference to foreign policy in more general considerations, warfare is identified as the decisive element. In practice, the theoretical concept of foreign policy therefore could not be brought to any considerable effect. The causes for this lay in the unsteady conditions of the 4th century as well as in the very concept itself, because the interaction in the Greek world in its entirety worked differently from the interaction in smaller social units. Further, the existing modes of pacifying Hellas only played an insuffient part in the concept. KW - griechische Antike KW - klassische Zeit KW - polisübergreifende Beziehungen KW - antike Wahrnehmungsmuster Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193997 SN - 2192-7669 SN - 0075-6334 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 97 IS - 1 SP - 32-58 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Knoll, Johannes A1 - Schramm, Holger T1 - Advertising in social network sites – Investigating the social influence of user-generated content on online advertising effects JF - Communications N2 - In today’s social online world there is a variety of interaction and participatory possibilities which enable web users to actively produce content themselves. This user-generated content is omnipresent in the web and there is growing evidence that it is used to select or evaluate professionally created online information. The present study investigated how this surrounding content affects online advertising by drawing from social influence theory. Specifically, it was assumed that web users sharing an interpersonal relationship (interpersonal influence) and/or a group membership (collective influence) with authors of user-generated content which appears next to advertising on the web page are more strongly influenced in their response to the advertising than unrelated users. These assumptions were tested in a 2 × 2 between-subject experiment with 118 students who were exposed to four different Facebook profiles that differed in terms of interpersonal connection to the source (existent/non-existent) and collective connection to the source (existent/non-existent). The results show a significant impact in the case of collective influence, but not in the case of interpersonal influence. The underlying mechanisms of this effect and implications of the results for online advertising are discussed. KW - online advertising KW - social network sites KW - social influence KW - user-generated content KW - advertising effects Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-194192 SN - 1613-4087 SN - 0341-2059 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 40 IS - 3 ER -