TY - JOUR A1 - Chiesa, Mauro A1 - Greiner, Nicolas A1 - Schönherr, Marek A1 - Tramontano, Francesco T1 - Electroweak corrections to diphoton plus jets JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - We calculate the next-to-leading order electroweak corrections to the production of a photon pair in association with zero, one and two jets at the LHC. We use GoSam and Sherpa to obtain the results in a fully automated way. For a typical set of fiducial cuts the electroweak corrections lead to a modification of the total cross section of up to 3%, depending on the jet multiplicity. We find substantial contributions in differential distributions, leading to tens of per cent corrections for phase space regions within the reach of the LHC. Furthermore we investigate the importance of photon induced processes as well as subleading contributions. Photon induced processes are found to be negligible, subleading contributions can have a sizeable impact however they can be removed by appropriate phase space cuts. KW - NLO computations Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173512 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leopold, Stephanie A. A1 - Zeilbeck, Ludwig F. A1 - Weber, Gregor A1 - Seitz, Roswitha A1 - Bösl, Michael R. A1 - Jägle, Herbert A1 - Fuchshofer, Rudolf A1 - Tamm, Ernst R. A1 - Ohlmann, Andreas T1 - Norrin protects optic nerve axons from degeneration in a mouse model of glaucoma JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Norrin is a secreted signaling molecule activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Since Norrin protects retinal neurons from experimental acute injury, we were interested to learn if Norrin attenuates chronic damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons in a mouse model of glaucoma. Transgenic mice overexpressing Norrin in the retina (Pax6-Norrin) were generated and crossed with DBA/2J mice with hereditary glaucoma and optic nerve axonal degeneration. One-year old DBA/2J/Pax6-Norrin animals had significantly more surviving optic nerve axons than their DBA/2J littermates. The protective effect correlated with an increase in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 mRNA and an enhanced Akt phosphorylation in DBA/2J/Pax6-Norrin mice. Both mouse strains developed an increase in intraocular pressure during the second half of the first year and marked degenerative changes in chamber angle, ciliary body and iris structure. The degenerations were slightly attenuated in the chamber angle of DBA/2J/Pax6-Norrin mice, which showed a β-catenin increase in the trabecular meshwork. We conclude that high levels of Norrin and the subsequent constitutive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in RGC protect from glaucomatous axonal damage via IGF-1 causing increased activity of PI3K-Akt signaling. Our results identify components of a protective signaling network preventing degeneration of optic nerve axons in glaucoma. KW - glaucoma KW - neurotrophic factors Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173494 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tsamadou, Chrysanthi A1 - Fürst, Daniel A1 - Vucinic, Vladan A1 - Bunjes, Donald A1 - Neuchel, Christine A1 - Mytilineos, Daphne A1 - Gramatzki, Martin A1 - Arnold, Renate A1 - Wagner, Eva Maria A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Müller, Carlheinz A1 - Schrezenmeier, Hubert A1 - Mytilineos, Joannis T1 - Human leukocyte antigen-E mismatch is associated with better hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome in acute leukemia patients JF - Haematologica N2 - The immunomodulatory role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has not been extensively investigated. To this end, we genotyped 509 10/10 HLA unrelated transplant pairs for HLA-E, in order to study the effect of HLA-E as a natural killer (NK)-alloreactivity mediator on HSCT outcome in an acute leukemia (AL) setting. Overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), relapse incidence (RI) and non-relapse mortality (NRM) were set as endpoints. Analysis of our data revealed a significant correlation between HLA-E mismatch and improved HSCT outcome, as shown by both univariate (53% vs. 38%, P=0.002, 5-year OS) and multivariate (hazard ratio (HR)=0.63, confidence interval (CI) 95%=0.48–0.83, P=0.001) analyses. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the positive effect of HLA-E mismatch was significant and pronounced in advanced disease patients (n=120) (5-year OS: 50% vs. 18%, P=0.005; HR=0.40, CI 95%=0.22–0.72, P=0.002; results from univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). The study herein is the first to report an association between HLA-E incompatibility and improved post–transplant prognosis in AL patients who have undergone matched unrelated HSCT. Combined NK and T cell HLA-E-mediated mechanisms may account for the better outcomes observed. Notwithstanding the necessity for in vitro and confirmational studies, our findings highlight the clinical relevance of HLA-E matching and strongly support prospective HLA-E screening upon donor selection for matched AL unrelated HSCTs. KW - medicine KW - acute leukemia (AL) KW - hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) KW - human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) KW - HLA-E matching KW - HSTC outcome Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173325 VL - 102 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buff, Christine A1 - Brinkmann, Leonie A1 - Bruchmann, Maximilian A1 - Becker, Michael P.I. A1 - Tupak, Sara A1 - Herrmann, Martin J. A1 - Straube, Thomas T1 - Activity alterations in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala during threat anticipation in generalized anxiety disorder JF - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience N2 - Sustained anticipatory anxiety is central to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). During anticipatory anxiety, phasic threat responding appears to be mediated by the amygdala, while sustained threat responding seems related to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). Although sustained anticipatory anxiety in GAD patients was proposed to be associated with BNST activity alterations, firm evidence is lacking. We aimed to explore temporal characteristics of BNST and amygdala activity during threat anticipation in GAD patients. Nineteen GAD patients and nineteen healthy controls (HC) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a temporally unpredictable threat anticipation paradigm. We defined phasic and a systematic variation of sustained response models for blood oxygen level-dependent responses during threat anticipation, to disentangle temporally dissociable involvement of the BNST and the amygdala. GAD patients relative to HC responded with increased phasic amygdala activity to onset of threat anticipation and with elevated sustained BNST activity that was delayed relative to the onset of threat anticipation. Both the amygdala and the BNST displayed altered responses during threat anticipation in GAD patients, albeit with different time courses. The results for the BNST activation hint towards its role in sustained threat responding, and contribute to a deeper understanding of pathological sustained anticipatory anxiety in GAD. KW - medicine KW - anticipatory anxiety KW - anxiety KW - fMRI KW - sustained threat responding KW - phasic threat responding Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173298 VL - 12 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zopf, Kathrin A1 - Frey, Kathrin R. A1 - Kienitz, Tina A1 - Ventz, Manfred A1 - Bauer, Britta A1 - Quinkler, Marcus T1 - \(Bcl\)I polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor and adrenal crisis in primary adrenal insufficiency JF - Endocrine Connections N2 - Context: Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at a high risk of adrenal crisis (AC). Glucocorticoid sensitivity is at least partially genetically determined by polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Objectives: To determine if a number of intercurrent illnesses and AC are associated with the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I in patients with PAI and CAH. Design and patients: This prospective, longitudinal study over 37.7 ± 10.1 months included 47 PAI and 25 CAH patients. During the study period, intercurrent illness episodes and AC were documented. Results: The study period covered 223 patient years in which 21 AC occurred (9.4 AC/100 pat years). There were no significant differences between \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (n=29), CG (n=34) and GG (n=9)) regarding BMI, hydrocortisone equivalent daily dose and blood pressure. We did not find a difference in the number of intercurrent illnesses/patient year among \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (1.5±1.4/pat year), CG (1.2±1.2/pat year) and GG (1.6±2.2/pat year)). The occurrence of AC was not significantly different among the homozygous (GG) genotype (32.5 AC/100 pat years), the CC genotype (6.7 AC/100 pat years) and the CG genotype (4.9 AC/100 pat years). Concomitant hypothyroidism was the highest in the GG genotype group (5/9), compared to others (CC (11/29) and CG (11/34)). Conclusions: Although sample sizes were relatively small and results should be interpreted with caution, this study suggests that the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I may not be associated with the frequencies of intercurrent illnesses and AC. KW - medicine KW - adrenal crisis KW - adrenal insufficiency KW - cortisol KW - hydrocortisone KW - polyglandular autoimmune syndrome Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173276 VL - 6 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aeschlimann, Martin A1 - Brixner, Tobias A1 - Cinchetti, Mirko A1 - Frisch, Benjamin A1 - Hecht, Bert A1 - Hensen, Matthias A1 - Huber, Bernhard A1 - Kramer, Christian A1 - Krauss, Enno A1 - Loeber, Thomas H. A1 - Pfeiffer, Walter A1 - Piecuch, Martin A1 - Thielen, Philip T1 - Cavity-assisted ultrafast long-range periodic energy transfer between plasmonic nanoantennas JF - Light: Science & Applications N2 - Radiationless energy transfer is at the core of diverse phenomena, such as light harvesting in photosynthesis\(^1\), energy-transfer-based microspectroscopies\(^2\), nanoscale quantum entanglement\(^3\) and photonic-mode hybridization\(^4\). Typically, the transfer is efficient only for separations that are much shorter than the diffraction limit. This hampers its application in optical communication and quantum information processing, which require spatially selective addressing. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient radiationless coherent energy transfer over a distance of twice the excitation wavelength by combining localized and delocalized\(^5\) plasmonic modes. Analogous to the Tavis-Cummings model, two whispering-gallery-mode antennas\(^6\) placed in the foci of an elliptical plasmonic cavity\(^7\) fabricated from single-crystal gold plates act as a pair of oscillators coupled to a common cavity mode. Time-resolved two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (TR 2P-PEEM) reveals an ultrafast long-range periodic energy transfer in accordance with the simulations. Our observations open perspectives for the optimization and tailoring of mesoscopic energy transfer and long-range quantum emitter coupling. KW - chemistry KW - nanocavities KW - nanophotonics and plasmonics KW - photonic devices Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173265 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bisti, F. A1 - Rogalev, V. A. A1 - Karolak, M. A1 - Paul, S. A1 - Gupta, A. A1 - Schmitt, T. A1 - Güntherodt, G. A1 - Eyert, V. A1 - Sangiovanni, G. A1 - Profeta, G. A1 - Strocov, V. N. T1 - Weakly-correlated nature of ferromagnetism in nonsymmorphic CrO\(_2\) revealed by bulk-sensitive soft-X-ray ARPES JF - Physical Review X N2 - Chromium dioxide CrO\(_2\) belongs to a class of materials called ferromagnetic half-metals, whose peculiar aspect is that they act as a metal in one spin orientation and as a semiconductor or insulator in the opposite one. Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies motivated by technologically important applications of this material in spintronics, its fundamental properties such as momentumresolved electron dispersions and the Fermi surface have so far remained experimentally inaccessible because of metastability of its surface, which instantly reduces to amorphous Cr\(_2\)O\(_3\). In this work, we demonstrate that direct access to the native electronic structure of CrO\(_2\) can be achieved with soft-x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy whose large probing depth penetrates through the Cr\(_2\)O\(_3\) layer. For the first time, the electronic dispersions and Fermi surface of CrO\(_2\) are measured, which are fundamental prerequisites to solve the long debate on the nature of electronic correlations in this material. Since density functional theory augmented by a relatively weak local Coulomb repulsion gives an exhaustive description of our spectroscopic data, we rule out strong-coupling theories of CrO\(_2\). Crucial for the correct interpretation of our experimental data in terms of the valence-band dispersions is the understanding of a nontrivial spectral response of CrO\(_2\) caused by interference effects in the photoemission process originating from the nonsymmorphic space group of the rutile crystal structure of CrO\(_2\). KW - physics KW - electronic structure KW - half-metals KW - angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy KW - band structure methods KW - DFT+U KW - condensed matter physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172251 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schamel, Johannes T1 - A demographic perspective on the spatial behaviour of hikers in mountain areas: the example of Berchtesgaden National Park JF - eco.mont - Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research and Management N2 - In Germany, as in many Western societies, demographic change will lead to a higher number of senior visitors to natural recreational areas and national parks. Given the high physiological requirements of many outdoor recreation activities, especially in mountain areas, it seems likely that demographic change will affect the spatial behaviour of national park visitors, which may pose a challenge to the management of these areas. With the help of GPS tracking and a standardized questionnaire (n=481), this study empirically investigates the spatial behaviour of demographic age brackets in Berchtesgaden National Park (NP) and the potential effects of demographic change on the use of the area. Cluster analysis revealed four activity types in the study area. More than half of the groups with visitors aged 60 and older belong to the activity type of Walker. KW - geography KW - demographic change KW - spatial behaviour KW - GPS tracking KW - outdoor recreation KW - Berchtesgaden NP Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172128 SN - 2073-1558 VL - 9 IS - Special issue ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaltdorf, Kristin Verena A1 - Schulze, Katja A1 - Helmprobst, Frederik A1 - Kollmannsberger, Philip A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Stigloher, Christian T1 - Fiji macro 3D ART VeSElecT: 3D automated reconstruction tool for vesicle structures of electron tomograms JF - PLoS Computational Biology N2 - Automatic image reconstruction is critical to cope with steadily increasing data from advanced microscopy. We describe here the Fiji macro 3D ART VeSElecT which we developed to study synaptic vesicles in electron tomograms. We apply this tool to quantify vesicle properties (i) in embryonic Danio rerio 4 and 8 days past fertilization (dpf) and (ii) to compare Caenorhabditis elegans N2 neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) wild-type and its septin mutant (unc-59(e261)). We demonstrate development-specific and mutant-specific changes in synaptic vesicle pools in both models. We confirm the functionality of our macro by applying our 3D ART VeSElecT on zebrafish NMJ showing smaller vesicles in 8 dpf embryos then 4 dpf, which was validated by manual reconstruction of the vesicle pool. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of C. elegans septin mutant unc-59(e261) on vesicle pool formation and vesicle size. Automated vesicle registration and characterization was implemented in Fiji as two macros (registration and measurement). This flexible arrangement allows in particular reducing false positives by an optional manual revision step. Preprocessing and contrast enhancement work on image-stacks of 1nm/pixel in x and y direction. Semi-automated cell selection was integrated. 3D ART VeSElecT removes interfering components, detects vesicles by 3D segmentation and calculates vesicle volume and diameter (spherical approximation, inner/outer diameter). Results are collected in color using the RoiManager plugin including the possibility of manual removal of non-matching confounder vesicles. Detailed evaluation considered performance (detected vesicles) and specificity (true vesicles) as well as precision and recall. We furthermore show gain in segmentation and morphological filtering compared to learning based methods and a large time gain compared to manual segmentation. 3D ART VeSElecT shows small error rates and its speed gain can be up to 68 times faster in comparison to manual annotation. Both automatic and semi-automatic modes are explained including a tutorial. KW - Biology KW - Vesicles KW - Caenorhabditis elegans KW - Zebrafish KW - Septins KW - Synaptic vesicles KW - Neuromuscular junctions KW - Computer software KW - Synapses Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172112 VL - 13 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Syperek, M. A1 - Andrzejewski, J. A1 - Rudno-Rudziński, W. A1 - Maryński, A. A1 - Sȩk, G. A1 - Misiewicz, J. A1 - Reithmaier, J. P. A1 - Somers, A. A1 - Höfling, S. T1 - The issue of 0D-like ground state isolation in GaAs- and InP-based coupled quantum dots-quantum well systems JF - Journal of Physics: Conference Series N2 - The issue of quantum mechanical coupling between a semiconductor quantum dot and a quantum well is studied in two families of GaAs- and InP- based structures at cryogenic temperatures. It is shown that by tuning the quantum well parameters one can strongly disturb the 0D-character of the coupled system ground state, initially located in a dot. The out-coupling of either an electron or a hole state from the quantum dot confining potential is viewed by a significant elongation of the photoluminescence decay time constant. Band structure calculations show that in the GaAs-based coupled system at its ground state a hole remains isolated in the dot, whereas an electron gets delocalized towards the quantum well. The opposite picture is built for the ground state of a coupled system based on InP. KW - quantum mechanical coupling KW - quantum well KW - semiconductor quantum dot Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262876 SN - 1742-6588 SN - 1742-6596 VL - 906 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krstic, Jelena A1 - Herrmann, Marietta A1 - Gadjanski, Ivana A1 - Mojsilovic, Slavko T1 - Editorial: Microenvironment-derived stem cell plasticity JF - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology N2 - No abstract available. KW - plasticity KW - stem cells KW - microenvironment KW - imaging KW - extracellular vesicles (EVs) KW - oxygen tension KW - tissue regeneration KW - immunomodulation Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197424 SN - 2296-634X VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harter, Philipp A1 - Hauke, Jan A1 - Heitz, Florian A1 - Reuss, Alexander A1 - Kommoss, Stefan A1 - Marmé, Frederik A1 - Heimbach, André A1 - Prieske, Katharina A1 - Richters, Lisa A1 - Burges, Alexander A1 - Neidhardt, Guido A1 - de Gregorio, Nikolaus A1 - El-Balat, Ahmed A1 - Hilpert, Felix A1 - Meier, Werner A1 - Kimmig, Rainer A1 - Kast, Karin A1 - Sehouli, Jalid A1 - Baumann, Klaus A1 - Jackisch, Christian A1 - Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won A1 - Hanker, Lars A1 - Kröber, Sandra A1 - Pfisterer, Jacobus A1 - Gevensleben, Heidrun A1 - Schnelzer, Andreas A1 - Dietrich, Dimo A1 - Neunhöffer, Tanja A1 - Krockenberger, Mathias A1 - Brucker, Sara Y. A1 - Nürnberg, Peter A1 - Thiele, Holger A1 - Altmüller, Janine A1 - Lamla, Josefin A1 - Elser, Gabriele A1 - du Bois, Andreas A1 - Hahnen, Eric A1 - Schmutzler, Rita T1 - Prevalence of deleterious germline variants in risk genes including \(BRCA1/2\) in consecutive ovarian cancer patients (AGO-TR-1) JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Identification of families at risk for ovarian cancer offers the opportunity to consider prophylactic surgery thus reducing ovarian cancer mortality. So far, identification of potentially affected families in Germany was solely performed via family history and numbers of affected family members with breast or ovarian cancer. However, neither the prevalence of deleterious variants in \(BRCA1/2\) in ovarian cancer in Germany nor the reliability of family history as trigger for genetic counselling has ever been evaluated. Methods Prospective counseling and germline testing of consecutive patients with primary diagnosis or with platinum-sensitive relapse of an invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Testing included 25 candidate and established risk genes. Among these 25 genes, 16 genes (\(ATM\), \(BRCA1\), \(BRCA2\), \(CDH1\), \(CHEK2\), \(MLH1\), \(MSH2\), \(MSH6\), \(NBN\), \(PMS2\), \(PTEN\), \(PALB2\), \(RAD51C\), \(RAD51D\), \(STK11\), \(TP53\)) were defined as established cancer risk genes. A positive family history was defined as at least one relative with breast cancer or ovarian cancer or breast cancer in personal history. Results In total, we analyzed 523 patients: 281 patients with primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer and 242 patients with relapsed disease. Median age at primary diagnosis was 58 years (range 16–93) and 406 patients (77.6%) had a high-grade serous ovarian cancer. In total, 27.9% of the patients showed at least one deleterious variant in all 25 investigated genes and 26.4% in the defined 16 risk genes. Deleterious variants were most prevalent in the \(BRCA1\) (15.5%), \(BRCA2\) (5.5%), \(RAD51C\) (2.5%) and \(PALB2\) (1.1%) genes. The prevalence of deleterious variants did not differ significantly between patients at primary diagnosis and relapse. The prevalence of deleterious variants in \(BRCA1/2\) (and in all 16 risk genes) in patients <60 years was 30.2% (33.2%) versus 10.6% (18.9%) in patients \(\geq\)60 years. Family history was positive in 43% of all patients. Patients with a positive family history had a prevalence of deleterious variants of 31.6% (36.0%) versus 11.4% (17.6%) and histologic subtype of high grade serous ovarian cancer versus other showed a prevalence of deleterious variants of 23.2% (29.1%) and 10.2% (14.8%), respectively. Testing only for \(BRCA1/2\) would miss in our series more than 5% of the patients with a deleterious variant in established risk genes. Conclusions 26.4% of all patients harbor at least one deleterious variant in established risk genes. The threshold of 10% mutation rate which is accepted for reimbursement by health care providers in Germany was observed in all subgroups analyzed and neither age at primary diagnosis nor histo-type or family history sufficiently enough could identify a subgroup not eligible for genetic counselling and testing. Genetic testing should therefore be offered to every patient with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer and limiting testing to \(BRCA1/2\) seems to be not sufficient. KW - medicine KW - Genetic causes of cancer KW - ovarian cancer KW - cancer risk factors KW - histology KW - cancer detection and diagnosis KW - breast cancer KW - genetic testing KW - human genetics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173553 VL - 12 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of top-quark pair to \(Z\)-boson cross-section ratios at \(\sqrt{s}\) \(=13 , 8, 7\) TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Ratios of top-quark pair to \(Z\)-boson cross sections measured from proton-proton collisions at the LHC centre-of-mass energies of \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV, 8 TeV, and 7 TeV are presented by the ATLAS Collaboration. Single ratios, at a given \(\sqrt{s}\) for the two processes and at different \(\sqrt{s}\) for each process, as well as double ratios of the two processes at different \(\sqrt{s}\), are evaluated. The ratios are constructed using previously published ATLAS measurements of the \({t\overline{t}}\) and \(Z\)-boson production cross sections, corrected to a common phase space where required, and a new analysis of \(Z\) → ℓ\(^+\)ℓ\(^-\) where ℓ = \(e, µ\) at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV performed with data collected in 2015 with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb\(^−1\). Correlations of systematic uncertainties are taken into account when evaluating the uncertainties in the ratios. The correlation model is also used to evaluate the combined cross section of the \(Z\) → \(e\)\(^+\)\(e\)\(^−\) and the \(Z\) → \(µ\)\(^+\)\(µ\)\(^−\) channels for each \(\sqrt{s}\) value. The results are compared to calculations performed at next-to-next-to-leading-order accuracy using recent sets of parton distribution functions. The data demonstrate significant power to constrain the gluon distribution function for the Bjorken-\(x\) values near 0.1 and the light-quark sea for \(x\) < 0.02. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173544 VL - 2017 IS - 02 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitjans, M. A1 - Begemann, M. A1 - Ju, A. A1 - Dere, E. A1 - Wüstefeld, L. A1 - Hofer, S. A1 - Hassouna, I. A1 - Balkenhol, J. A1 - Oliveira, B. A1 - Van der Auwera, S. A1 - Tammer, R. A1 - Hammerschmidt, K. A1 - Völzke, H. A1 - Homuth, G. A1 - Cecconi, F. A1 - Chowdhury, K. A1 - Grabe, H. A1 - Frahm, J. A1 - Boretius, S. A1 - Dandekar, T. A1 - Ehrenreich, H. T1 - Sexual dimorphism of \(AMBRA1\)-related autistic features in human and mouse JF - Translational Psychiatry N2 - \(Ambra1\) is linked to autophagy and neurodevelopment. Heterozygous \(Ambra1\) deficiency induces autism-like behavior in a sexually dimorphic manner. Extraordinarily, autistic features are seen in female mice only, combined with stronger Ambra1 protein reduction in brain compared to males. However, significance of \(AMBRA1\) for autistic phenotypes in humans and, apart from behavior, for other autism-typical features, namely early brain enlargement or increased seizure propensity, has remained unexplored. Here we show in two independent human samples that a single normal \(AMBRA1\) genotype, the intronic SNP rs3802890-AA, is associated with autistic features in women, who also display lower \(AMBRA1\) mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells relative to female GG carriers. Located within a non-coding RNA, likely relevant for mRNA and protein interaction, rs3802890 (A versus G allele) may affect its stability through modification of folding, as predicted by \(in\) \(silico\) analysis. Searching for further autism-relevant characteristics in \(Ambra1^{+/−}\) mice, we observe reduced interest of female but not male mutants regarding pheromone signals of the respective other gender in the social intellicage set-up. Moreover, altered pentylentetrazol-induced seizure propensity, an \(in\) \(vivo\) readout of neuronal excitation–inhibition dysbalance, becomes obvious exclusively in female mutants. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals mild prepubertal brain enlargement in both genders, uncoupling enhanced brain dimensions from the primarily female expression of all other autistic phenotypes investigated here. These data support a role of \(AMBRA1/Ambra1\) partial loss-of-function genotypes for female autistic traits. Moreover, they suggest \(Ambra1\) heterozygous mice as a novel multifaceted and construct-valid genetic mouse model for female autism. KW - biology KW - clinical genetics KW - molecular neuroscience Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173782 VL - 2017 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heuser, Christoph A1 - Gotot, Janine A1 - Piotrowski, Eveline Christina A1 - Philipp, Marie-Sophie A1 - Courrèges, Christina Johanna Felicia A1 - Otte, Martin Sylvester A1 - Guo, Linlin A1 - Schmid-Burgk, Jonathan Leo A1 - Hornung, Veit A1 - Heine, Annkristin A1 - Knolle, Percy Alexander A1 - Garbi, Natalio A1 - Serfling, Edgar A1 - Evaristo, César A1 - Thaiss, Friedrich A1 - Kurts, Christian T1 - Prolonged IKK\(\beta\) Inhibition Improves Ongoing CTL Antitumor Responses by Incapacitating Regulatory T Cells JF - Cell Reports N2 - Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity but limit antitumor immunity. The canonical NF-\(\kappa\)B signaling pathway both activates immunity and promotes thymic Treg development. Here, we report that mature Tregs continue to require NF-\(\kappa\)B signaling through I\(\kappa\)B-kinase \(\beta\) (IKK\(\beta\)) after thymic egress. Mice lacking IKK\(\beta\) in mature Tregs developed scurfy-like immunopathology due to death of peripheral FoxP3\(^+\) Tregs. Also, pharmacological IKK\(\beta\) inhibition reduced Treg numbers in the circulation by ~50% and downregulated FoxP3 and CD25 expression and STAT5 phosphorylation. In contrast, activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were resistant to IKK\(\beta\) inhibition because other pathways, in particular nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1) signaling, sustained their survival and expansion. In a melanoma mouse model, IKK\(\beta\) inhibition after CTL cross-priming improved the antitumor response and delayed tumor growth. In conclusion, prolonged IKK\(\beta\) inhibition decimates circulating Tregs and improves CTL responses when commenced after tumor vaccination, indicating that IKK\(\beta\) represents a druggable checkpoint. KW - medicine KW - regulatory T cells KW - NF-\(\kappa\)B pathway KW - tumor vaccination KW - checkpoint inhibition KW - cytotoxic T cells KW - cross-priming KW - apoptosis KW - tumor immunology KW - melanoma Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173643 VL - 21 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abu-Halima, Masood A1 - Häusler, Sebastian A1 - Backes, Christina A1 - Fehlmann, Tobias A1 - Staib, Claudia A1 - Nestel, Sigrun A1 - Nazarenko, Irina A1 - Meese, Eckart A1 - Keller, Andreas T1 - Micro-ribonucleic acids and extracellular vesicles repertoire in the spent culture media is altered in women undergoing \(In\) \(Vitro\) Fertilization JF - Scientific Reports N2 - MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are class of small RNA molecules with major impact on gene regulation. We analyzed the potential of miRNAs secreted from pre-implantation embryos into the embryonic culture media as biomarkers to predict successful pregnancy. Using microarray analysis, we profiled the miRNome of the 56 spent culture media (SCM) after embryos transfer and found a total of 621 miRNAs in the SCM. On average, we detected 163 miRNAs in SCM of samples with failed pregnancies, but only 149 SCM miRNAs of embryos leading to pregnancies. MiR-634 predicted an embryo transfer leading to a positive pregnancy with an accuracy of 71% and a sensitivity of 85%. Among the 621 miRNAs, 102 (16.4%) showed a differential expression between positive and negative outcome of pregnancy with miR-29c-3p as the most significantly differentially expressed miRNA. The number of extracellular vehicles was lower in SCM with positive outcomes (3.8 × 10\(^9\)/mL EVs), as compared to a negative outcome (7.35 × 10\(^9\)/mL EVs) possibly explaining the reduced number of miRNAs in the SCM associated with failed pregnancies. The analysis of the miRNome in the SCM of couples undergoing fertility treatment lays the ground towards development of biomarkers to predict successful pregnancy and towards understanding the role of embryonic miRNAs found in the SCM. KW - Medicine KW - miRNAs KW - Molecular biology KW - Non-coding RNAs Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173632 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of charge and CP asymmetries in \(b\)-hadron decays using top-quark events collected by the ATLAS detector in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Same- and opposite-sign charge asymmetries are measured in lepton+jets \({t\overline{t}}\) events in which a \(b\)-hadron decays semileptonically to a soft muon, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The charge asymmetries are based on the charge of the lepton from the top-quark decay and the charge of the soft muon from the semileptonic decay of a \(b\)-hadron and are measured in a fiducial region corresponding to the experimental acceptance. Four CP asymmetries (one mixing and three direct) are measured and are found to be compatible with zero and consistent with the Standard Model. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173603 VL - 2017 IS - 02 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bousquet, J. A1 - Onorato, G. L. A1 - Bachert, C. A1 - Barbolini, M. A1 - Bedbrook, A. A1 - Bjermer, L. A1 - Correia de Sousa, J. A1 - Chavannes, N. H. A1 - Cruz, A. A. A1 - De Manuel Keenoy, E. A1 - Devillier, P. A1 - Fonseca, J. A1 - Hun, S. A1 - Kostka, T. A1 - Hellings, P. W. A1 - Illario, M. A1 - Ivancevich, J. C. A1 - Larenas-Linnemann, D. A1 - Millot-Keurinck, J. A1 - Ryan, D. A1 - Samolinski, B. A1 - Sheikh, A. A1 - Yorgancioglu, A. A1 - Agache, I. A1 - Arnavielhe, S. A1 - Bewick, M. A1 - Annesi-Maesano, I. A1 - Anto, J. M. A1 - Bergmann, K. C. A1 - Bindslev-Jensen, C. A1 - Bosnic-Anticevich, S. A1 - Bouchard, J. A1 - Caimmi, D. P. A1 - Camargos, P. A1 - Canonica, G. W. A1 - Cardona, V. A1 - Carriazo, A. M. A1 - Cingi, C. A1 - Cogan, E. A1 - Custovic, A. A1 - Dahl, R. A1 - Demoly, P. A1 - De Vries, G. A1 - Fokkens, W. J. A1 - Fontaine, J. F. A1 - Gemicioğlu, B. A1 - Guldemond, N. A1 - Gutter, Z. A1 - Haahtela, T. A1 - Hellqvist-Dahl, B. A1 - Jares, E. A1 - Joos, G. A1 - Just, J. A1 - Khaltaev, N. A1 - Keil, T. A1 - Klimek, L. A1 - Kowalski, M. L. A1 - Kull, I. A1 - Kuna, P. A1 - Kvedariene, V. A1 - Laune, D. A1 - Louis, R. A1 - Magnan, A. A1 - Malva, J. A1 - Mathieu-Dupas, E. A1 - Melén, E. A1 - Menditto, E. A1 - Morais-Almeida, M. A1 - Mösges, R. A1 - Mullol, J. A1 - Murray, R. A1 - Neffen, H. A1 - O'Hehir, R. A1 - Palkonen, S. A1 - Papadopoulos, N. G. A1 - Passalacqua, G. A1 - Pépin, J. L. A1 - Portejoie, F. A1 - Price, D. A1 - Pugin, B. A1 - Raciborski, F. A1 - Simons, F. E. R. A1 - Sova, M. A1 - Spranger, O. A1 - Stellato, C. A1 - Todo Bom, A. A1 - Tomazic, P. V. A1 - Triggiani, M. A1 - Valero, A. A1 - Valovirta, E. A1 - VandenPlas, O. A1 - Valiulis, A. A1 - van Eerd, M. A1 - Ventura, M. T. A1 - Wickmann, M. A1 - Young, I. A1 - Zuberbier, T. A1 - Zurkuhlen, A. A1 - Senn, A. T1 - CHRODIS criteria applied to the MASK (MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK) Good Practice in allergic rhinitis: a SUNFRAIL report JF - Clinical and Translational Allergy N2 - A Good Practice is a practice that works well, produces good results, and is recommended as a model. MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel Network (MASK), the new Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative, is an example of a Good Practice focusing on the implementation of multi-sectoral care pathways using emerging technologies with real life data in rhinitis and asthma multi-morbidity. The European Union Joint Action on Chronic Diseases and Promoting Healthy Ageing across the Life Cycle (JA-CHRODIS) has developed a checklist of 28 items for the evaluation of Good Practices. SUNFRAIL (Reference Sites Network for Prevention and Care of Frailty and Chronic Conditions in community dwelling persons of EU Countries), a European Union project, assessed whether MASK is in line with the 28 items of JA-CHRODIS. A short summary was proposed for each item and 18 experts, all members of ARIA and SUNFRAIL from 12 countries, assessed the 28 items using a Survey Monkey-based questionnaire. A visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (strongly disagree) to 100 (strongly agree) was used. Agreement equal or over 75% was observed for 14 items (50%). MASK is following the JA-CHRODIS recommendations for the evaluation of Good Practices. KW - Medicine KW - Rhinitis KW - Asthma KW - CHRODIS KW - ARIA KW - MASK KW - Sunfrail KW - Good Practices Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173527 VL - 2017 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the \(ZZ\) production cross section in proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV using the \(ZZ\) → \(ℓ^−ℓ^+ℓ^{′−}ℓ^{′+}\) and \(ZZ\) → \(ℓ^−ℓ^+{ν\overline{ν}}\) decay channels with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A measurement of the \(ZZ\) production cross section in the \(ℓ^−ℓ^+ℓ^{′−}ℓ^{′+}\) and \(ℓ^−ℓ^+{ν\overline{ν}}\) channels (ℓ = e, µ) in proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8TeV at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb\(^{−1}\) collected by the ATLAS experiment in 2012 is presented. The fiducial cross sections for \(ZZ\) → \(ℓ^−ℓ^+ℓ^{′−}ℓ^{′+}\) and \(ZZ\) → \(ℓ^−ℓ^+{ν\overline{ν}}\) are measured in selected phase-space regions. The total cross section for \(ZZ\) events produced with both \(Z\) bosons in the mass range 66 to 116GeV is measured from the combination of the two channels to be 7.3 ± 0.4(stat) ± 0.3 (syst)\(^{−0.2}_{−0.1}\) (lumi) pb, which is consistent with the Standard Model prediction of 6.6\(^{+0.7}_{−0.6}\) pb. The differential cross sections in bins of various kinematic variables are presented. The differential event yield as a function of the transverse momentum of the leading \(Z\) boson is used to set limits on anomalous neutral triple gauge boson couplings in \(ZZ\) production. KW - high energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173616 VL - 2017 IS - 99 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berti, Stefan A1 - Vossel, Gerhard A1 - Gamer, Matthias T1 - The orienting response in healthy aging: Novelty P3 indicates no general decline but reduced efficacy for fast stimulation rates JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - Automatic orienting to unexpected changes in the environment is a pre-requisite for adaptive behavior. One prominent mechanism of automatic attentional control is the Orienting Response (OR). Despite the fundamental significance of the OR in everyday life, only little is known about how the OR is affected by healthy aging. We tested this question in two age groups (19–38 and 55–72 years) and measured skin-conductance responses (SCRs) and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to novels (i.e., short environmental sounds presented only once in the experiment; 10% of the trials) compared to standard sounds (600 Hz sinusoidal tones with 200 ms duration; 90% of the trials). Novel and standard stimuli were presented in four conditions differing in the inter-stimulus interval (ISI) with a mean ISI of either 10, 3, 1, or 0.5 s (blocked presentation). In both age groups, pronounced SCRs were elicited by novels in the 10 s ISI condition, suggesting the elicitation of stable ORs. These effects were accompanied by pronounced N1 and frontal P3 amplitudes in the ERP, suggesting that automatic novelty processing and orientation of attention are effective in both age groups. Furthermore, the SCR and ERP effects declined with decreasing ISI length. In addition, differences between the two groups were observable with the fastest presentation rates (i.e., 1 and 0.5 s ISI length). The most prominent difference was a shift of the peak of the frontal positivity from around 300 to 200 ms in the 19–38 years group while in the 55–72 years group the amplitude of the frontal P3 decreased linearly with decreasing ISI length. Taken together, this pattern of results does not suggest a general decline in processing efficacy with healthy aging. At least with very rare changes (here, the novels in the 10 s ISI condition) the OR is as effective in healthy older adults as in younger adults. With faster presentation rates, however, the efficacy of the OR decreases. This seems to result in a switch from novelty to deviant processing in younger adults, but less so in the group of older adults. KW - psychology KW - attention KW - change detection KW - auditory system KW - novelty processing KW - event-related potential (ERP) KW - P300 KW - skin conductance response (SCR) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173651 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the \({t\overline{t}}Z\) and \({t\overline{t}}W\) production cross sections in multilepton final states using 3.2 fb\(^{-1}\) of \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - European Physical Journal C N2 - A measurement of the \({t\overline{t}}Z\) and \({t\overline{t}}W\) production cross sections in final states with either two same-charge muons, or three or four leptons (electrons or muons) is presented. The analysis uses a data sample of proton–proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb\(^{−1}\). The inclusive cross sections are extracted using likelihood fits to signal and control regions, resulting in \(\sigma_{{t\overline{t}}Z}\) = 0.9 ± 0.3 pb and \(\sigma_{{t\overline{t}}W}\) = 1.5 ± 0.8 pb, in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. KW - high energy physics KW - experimental physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173662 VL - 77 IS - 40 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Betts, Jonathan A1 - Nagel, Christopher A1 - Schatzschneider, Ulrich A1 - Poole, Robert A1 - La Ragione, Robert M. T1 - Antimicrobial activity of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br versus multidrug-resistant isolates of Avian Pathogenic \(Escherichia\) \(coli\) and its synergy with colistin JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global concern in human and veterinary medicine, with an ever-increasing void in the arsenal of clinicians. Novel classes of compounds including carbon monoxoide-releasing molecules (CORMs), for example the light-activated metal complex [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br, could be used as alternatives/to supplement traditional antibacterials. Avian pathogenic \(Escherichia\) \(coli\) (APEC) represent a large reservoir of antibiotic resistance and can cause serious clinical disease in poultry, with potential as zoonotic pathogens, due to shared serotypes and virulence factors with human pathogenic \(E.\) \(coli\). The \(in\) \(vitro\) activity of [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br against multidrug-resistant APECs was assessed via broth microtitre dilution assays and synergy testing with colistin performed using checkerboard and time-kill assays. \(In\) \(vivo\) antibacterial activity of [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br alone and in combination with colistin was determined using the \(Galleria\) \(mellonella\) wax moth larvae model. Animals were monitored for life/death, melanisation and bacterial numbers enumerated from larval haemolymph. \(In\) \(vitro\) testing produced relatively high [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1024 mg/L. However, its activity was significantly increased with the addition of colistin, bringing MICs down to \(\geq\)32 mg/L. This synergy was confirmed in time-kill assays. \(In\) \(vivo\) assays showed that the combination of [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br with colistin produced superior bacterial killing and significantly increased larval survival. In both \(in\) \(vitro\) and \(in\) \(vivo\) assays light activation was not required for antibacterial activity. This data supports further evaluation of [Mn(CO)\(_3\)(tpa-\(\kappa^{3}N\))]Br as a potential agent for treatment of systemic infections in humans and animals, when used with permeabilising agents such as colistin. KW - Chemistry KW - Larvae KW - Antibacterials KW - Antibiotics KW - Birds KW - Bacterial pathogens KW - Manganese KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Antibacterial therapy Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173687 VL - 12 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krohn-Molt, Ines A1 - Alawi, Malik A1 - Förstner, Konrad U. A1 - Wiegandt, Alena A1 - Burkhardt, Lia A1 - Indenbirken, Daniela A1 - Thieß, Melanie A1 - Grundhoff, Adam A1 - Kehr, Julia A1 - Tholey, Andreas A1 - Streit, Wolfgang R. T1 - Insights into microalga and bacteria interactions of selected phycosphere biofilms using metagenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Microalga are of high relevance for the global carbon cycling and it is well-known that they are associated with a microbiota. However, it remains unclear, if the associated microbiota, often found in phycosphere biofilms, is specific for the microalga strains and which role individual bacterial taxa play. Here we provide experimental evidence that \(Chlorella\) \(saccharophila\), \(Scenedesmus\) \(quadricauda\), and \(Micrasterias\) \(crux-melitensis\), maintained in strain collections, are associated with unique and specific microbial populations. Deep metagenome sequencing, binning approaches, secretome analyses in combination with RNA-Seq data implied fundamental differences in the gene expression profiles of the microbiota associated with the different microalga. Our metatranscriptome analyses indicates that the transcriptionally most active bacteria with respect to key genes commonly involved in plant–microbe interactions in the Chlorella (Trebouxiophyceae) and Scenedesmus (Chlorophyceae) strains belong to the phylum of the α-Proteobacteria. In contrast, in the Micrasterias (Zygnematophyceae) phycosphere biofilm bacteria affiliated with the phylum of the Bacteroidetes showed the highest gene expression rates. We furthermore show that effector molecules known from plant-microbe interactions as inducers for the innate immunity are already of relevance at this evolutionary early plant-microbiome level. KW - microbiology KW - microalga-bacteria interaction KW - phycosphere biofilm KW - metagenomics KW - metatranscriptomics KW - metaproteomics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173701 VL - 2017 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erdmenger, Johanna A1 - Fernández, Daniel A1 - Flory, Mario A1 - Megías, Eugenio A1 - Straub, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Witkowski, Piotr T1 - Time evolution of entanglement for holographic steady state formation JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Within gauge/gravity duality, we consider the local quench-like time evolution obtained by joining two 1+1-dimensional heat baths at different temperatures at time \(t\) = 0. A steady state forms and expands in space. For the 2+1-dimensional gravity dual, we find that the “shockwaves” expanding the steady-state region are of spacelike nature in the bulk despite being null at the boundary. However, they do not transport information. Moreover, by adapting the time-dependent Hubeny-Rangamani-Takayanagi prescription, we holographically calculate the entanglement entropy and also the mutual information for different entangling regions. For general temperatures, we find that the entanglement entropy increase rate satisfies the same bound as in the ‘entanglement tsunami’ setups. For small temperatures of the two baths, we derive an analytical formula for the time dependence of the entanglement entropy. This replaces the entanglement tsunami-like behaviour seen for high temperatures. Finally, we check that strong subadditivity holds in this time-dependent system, as well as further more general entanglement inequalities for five or more regions recently derived for the static case. KW - Physics KW - AdS-CFT Correspondence KW - Gauge-gravity correspondence KW - Holography and condensed matter physics (AdS/CMT) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173798 VL - 2017 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Stephan T1 - Vom Kopf auf die Füße gestellt, auf dass die Welt kopfsteht. Bürgerliches Trauerspiel und Komödie in Karl von Holteis Trauerspiel in Berlin und Johann Nestroys Die verhängnißvolle Faschings-Nacht JF - Nestroyana N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Nestroy, Johann / Die verhängnisvolle Faschingsnacht KW - Holtei, Karl von / Ein Trauerspiel in Berlin Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257900 VL - 37 PB - Lehner ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraft, Stephan T1 - Hans Staden T2 - Frühe Neuzeit in Deutschland 1520-1620. Literaturwissenschaftliches Verfasserlexikon N2 - Kein Abstract verfügbar. KW - Staden, Hans Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257226 PB - Walter de Gruyter CY - Berlin u.a. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paxton, Naomi A1 - Smolan, Willi A1 - Böck, Thomas A1 - Melchels, Ferry A1 - Groll, Jürgen A1 - Jungst, Tomasz T1 - Proposal to assess printability of bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting and evaluation of rheological properties governing bioprintability JF - Biofabrication N2 - The development and formulation of printable inks for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting has been a major challenge in the field of biofabrication. Inks, often polymer solutions with the addition of crosslinking to form hydrogels, must not only display adequate mechanical properties for the chosen application but also show high biocompatibility as well as printability. Here we describe a reproducible two-step method for the assessment of the printability of inks for bioprinting, focussing firstly on screening ink formulations to assess fibre formation and the ability to form 3D constructs before presenting a method for the rheological evaluation of inks to characterise the yield point, shear thinning and recovery behaviour. In conjunction, a mathematical model was formulated to provide a theoretical understanding of the pressure-driven, shear thinning extrusion of inks through needles in a bioprinter. The assessment methods were trialled with a commercially available crème, poloxamer 407, alginate-based inks and an alginate-gelatine composite material. Yield stress was investigated by applying a stress ramp to a number of inks, which demonstrated the necessity of high yield for printable materials. The shear thinning behaviour of the inks was then characterised by quantifying the degree of shear thinning and using the mathematical model to predict the window of printer operating parameters in which the materials could be printed. Furthermore, the model predicted high shear conditions and high residence times for cells at the walls of the needle and effects on cytocompatibility at different printing conditions. Finally, the ability of the materials to recover to their original viscosity after extrusion was examined using rotational recovery rheological measurements. Taken together, these assessment techniques revealed significant insights into the requirements for printable inks and shear conditions present during the extrusion process and allow the rapid and reproducible characterisation of a wide variety of inks for bioprinting. KW - bioprinting KW - rheology KW - modelling KW - bioink Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254061 VL - 9 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Stephan T1 - Wider den „Hauffen junger Schnautzhahnen“ : Grimmelshausens Versuch, die Erinnerung an den Dreißigjährigen Krieg in der Gegenwart festzuhalten JF - Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur N2 - This paper retraces the specific conception of the ‘present’ as manifested in Satyrischer Pilgram, Grimmelshausen’s first published work. In the face of progressively vanishing consciousness of the past terrors of the Thirty Years’ War, the Pilgram devises a program for bringing the experience of a whole generation to the present, thereby saving it for the future. Instead of delivering a general reflection on the nature of war, it suggests to narrate individually experienced “particularities.” It is crucial that all of these experiences are negative, not meant to prompt imitation, but instead rather to build and keep up a stronghold against attitudes and actions of the past. KW - Grimmelshausen KW - Dreißigjähriger Krieg Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193938 SN - 1865-9128 SN - 0340-4528 N1 - Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. VL - 42 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurements of top quark spin observables in \(t\overline{t}\) events using dilepton final states in \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV \(pp\) collisions with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Measurements of top quark spin observables in \(t\overline{t}\) events are presented based on 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\) of \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The analysis is performed in the dilepton final state, characterised by the presence of two isolated leptons (electrons or muons). There are 15 observables, each sensitive to a different coefficient of the spin density matrix of \(t\overline{t}\) production, which are measured independently. Ten of these observables are measured for the first time. All of them are corrected for detector resolution and acceptance effects back to the parton and stable-particle levels. The measured values of the observables at parton level are compared to Standard Model predictions at next-to-leading order in QCD. The corrected distributions at stable-particle level are presented and the means of the distributions are compared to Monte Carlo predictions. No significant deviation from the Standard Model is observed for any observable. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173505 VL - 2017 IS - 03 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuznetsov, Nikolai V. A1 - Almuzzaini, Bader A1 - Kritikou, Joanna S. A1 - Baptista, Marisa A. P. A1 - Oliveira, Mariana M. S. A1 - Keszei, Marton A1 - Snapper, Scott B. A1 - Percipalle, Piergiorgio A1 - Westerberg, Lisa S. T1 - Nuclear Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein co-regulates T cell factor 1-mediated transcription in T cells JF - Genome Medicine N2 - Background The Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) family of actin-nucleating factors are present in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. The role of nuclear WASp for T cell development remains incompletely defined. Methods We performed WASp chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) in thymocytes and spleen CD4\(^+\) T cells. Results WASp was enriched at genic and intergenic regions and associated with the transcription start sites of protein-coding genes. Thymocytes and spleen CD4\(^+\) T cells showed 15 common WASp-interacting genes, including the gene encoding T cell factor (TCF)12. WASp KO thymocytes had reduced nuclear TCF12 whereas thymocytes expressing constitutively active WASp\(^{L272P}\) and WASp\(^{I296T}\) had increased nuclear TCF12, suggesting that regulated WASp activity controlled nuclear TCF12. We identify a putative DNA element enriched in WASp ChIP-seq samples identical to a TCF1-binding site and we show that WASp directly interacted with TCF1 in the nucleus. Conclusions These data place nuclear WASp in proximity with TCF1 and TCF12, essential factors for T cell development. KW - Medicine KW - WASp KW - T cells KW - ChIP-seq KW - Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome KW - TCF1 KW - TCF12 KW - Nucleus Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173486 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wohlfarth, Carolin A1 - Schmitteckert, Stefanie A1 - Härtle, Janina D. A1 - Houghton, Lesley A. A1 - Dweep, Harsh A1 - Fortea, Marina A1 - Assadi, Ghazaleh A1 - Braun, Alexander A1 - Mederer, Tanja A1 - Pöhner, Sarina A1 - Becker, Philip P. A1 - Fischer, Christine A1 - Granzow, Martin A1 - Mönnikes, Hubert A1 - Mayer, Emeran A. A1 - Sayuk, Gregory A1 - Boeckxstaens, Guy A1 - Wouters, Mira M. A1 - Simrén, Magnus A1 - Lindberg, Greger A1 - Ohlsson, Bodil A1 - Schmidt, Peter Thelin A1 - Dlugosz, Aldona A1 - Agreus, Lars A1 - Andreasson, Anna A1 - D'Amato, Mauro A1 - Burwinkel, Barbara A1 - Bermejo, Justo Lorenzo A1 - Röth, Ralph A1 - Lasitschka, Felix A1 - Vicario, Maria A1 - Metzger, Marco A1 - Santos, Javier A1 - Rappold, Gudrun A. A1 - Martinez, Cristina A1 - Niesler, Beate T1 - miR-16 and miR-103 impact 5-HT4 receptor signalling and correlate with symptom profile in irritable bowel syndrome JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gut-brain disorder involving alterations in intestinal sensitivity and motility. Serotonin 5-HT4 receptors are promising candidates in IBS pathophysiology since they regulate gut motor function and stool consistency, and targeted 5-HT4R selective drug intervention has been proven beneficial in subgroups of patients. We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs201253747) c.*61 T > C within the 5-HT4 receptor gene \(HTR4\) to be predominantly present in diarrhoea-IBS patients (IBS-D). It affects a binding site for the miR-16 family and miR-103/miR-107 within the isoforms \({HTR4b/i}\) and putatively impairs \(HTR4\) expression. Subsequent miRNA profiling revealed downregulation of miR-16 and miR-103 in the jejunum of IBS-D patients correlating with symptoms. \(In\) \(vitro\) assays confirmed expression regulation via three 3′UTR binding sites. The novel isoform \(HTR4b\_2\) lacking two of the three miRNA binding sites escapes miR-16/103/107 regulationin SNP carriers. We provide the first evidence that \(HTR4\) expression is fine-tuned by miRNAs, and that this regulation is impaired either by the SNP c.*61 T > C or bydiminished levels of miR-16 and miR-103 suggesting that \(HTR4\) might be involved in the development of IBS-D. KW - Medicine KW - Gene regulation KW - Irritable bowel syndrome Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173478 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wyler, Emanuel A1 - Menegatti, Jennifer A1 - Franke, Vedran A1 - Kocks, Christine A1 - Boltengagen, Anastasiya A1 - Hennig, Thomas A1 - Theil, Kathrin A1 - Rutkowski, Andrzej A1 - Ferrai, Carmelo A1 - Baer, Laura A1 - Kermas, Lisa A1 - Friedel, Caroline A1 - Rajewsky, Nikolaus A1 - Akalin, Altuna A1 - Dölken, Lars A1 - Grässer, Friedrich A1 - Landthaler, Markus T1 - Widespread activation of antisense transcription of the host genome during herpes simplex virus 1 infection JF - Genome Biology N2 - Background Herpesviruses can infect a wide range of animal species. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is one of the eight herpesviruses that can infect humans and is prevalent worldwide. Herpesviruses have evolved multiple ways to adapt the infected cells to their needs, but knowledge about these transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications is sparse. Results Here, we show that HSV-1 induces the expression of about 1000 antisense transcripts from the human host cell genome. A subset of these is also activated by the closely related varicella zoster virus. Antisense transcripts originate either at gene promoters or within the gene body, and they show different susceptibility to the inhibition of early and immediate early viral gene expression. Overexpression of the major viral transcription factor ICP4 is sufficient to turn on a subset of antisense transcripts. Histone marks around transcription start sites of HSV-1-induced and constitutively transcribed antisense transcripts are highly similar, indicating that the genetic loci are already poised to transcribe these novel RNAs. Furthermore, an antisense transcript overlapping with the BBC3 gene (also known as PUMA) transcriptionally silences this potent inducer of apoptosis in cis. Conclusions We show for the first time that a virus induces widespread antisense transcription of the host cell genome. We provide evidence that HSV-1 uses this to downregulate a strong inducer of apoptosis. Our findings open new perspectives on global and specific alterations of host cell transcription by viruses. KW - Virology KW - Herpes KW - Virus KW - Antisense KW - Transcription KW - IncRNA KW - ICP4 KW - BBC3 KW - NFKB Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173381 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of charged-particle distributions sensitive to the underlying event in \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - We present charged-particle distributions sensitive to the underlying event, measured by the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, in low-luminosity Large Hadron Collider fills corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.6 nb\(^{−1}\). The distributions were constructed using charged particles with absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5 and with transverse momentum greater than 500 MeV, in events with at least one such charged particle with transverse momentum above 1 GeV. These distributions characterise the angular distribution of energy and particle flows with respect to the charged particle with highest transverse momentum, as a function of both that momentum and of charged-particle multiplicity. The results have been corrected for detector effects and are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, experimentally establishing the level of underlying-event activity at LHC Run 2 energies and providing inputs for the development of event generator modelling. The current models in use for UE modelling typically describe this data to 5% accuracy, compared with data uncertainties of less than 1%. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173361 VL - 2017 IS - 03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the inclusive cross-sections of single top-quark and top-antiquark \(t\)-channel production in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A measurement of the \(t\)-channel single-top-quark and single-top-antiquark production cross-sections in the lepton+jets channel is presented, using 3.2 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015. Events are selected by requiring one charged lepton (electron or muon), missing transverse momentum, and two jets with high transverse momentum, exactly one of which is required to be \(b\)-tagged. Using a binned maximum-likelihood fit to the discriminant distribution of a neural network, the cross-sections are determined to be \({σ(tq)}\) = 156 ± 5 (stat.) ± 27 (syst.) ± 3 (lumi.) pb for single top-quark production and \(σ(\overline{t}q)\) = 91 ± 4 (stat.) ± 18 (syst.) ± 2 (lumi.) pb for single top-antiquark production, assuming a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV. The cross-section ratio is measured to be \(R_{t}\) = \(σ(tq)/σ(\overline{t}q)\) = 1.72 ± 0.09 (stat.) ± 0.18 (syst.). All results are in agreement with Standard Model predictions. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173357 VL - 2017 IS - 04 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lischke, Alexander A1 - Herpertz, Sabine C. A1 - Berger, Christoph A1 - Domes, Gregor A1 - Gamer, Matthias T1 - Divergent effects of oxytocin on (para-)limbic reactivity to emotional and neutral scenes in females with and without borderline personality disorder JF - Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience N2 - Borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients’ hypersensitivity for emotionally relevant stimuli has been suggested be due to abnormal activity and connectivity in (para-)limbic and prefrontal brain regions during stimulus processing. The neuropeptide oxytocin has been shown to modulate activity and functional connectivity in these brain regions, thereby optimizing the processing of emotional and neutral stimuli. To investigate whether oxytocin would be capable of attenuating BPD patients’ hypersensitivity for such stimuli, we recorded brain activity and gaze behavior during the processing of complex scenes in 51 females with and 48 without BPD after intranasal application of either oxytocin or placebo. We found divergent effects of oxytocin on BPD and healthy control (HC) participants’ (para-)limbic reactivity to emotional and neutral scenes: Oxytocin decreased amygdala and insula reactivity in BPD participants but increased it in HC participants, indicating an oxytocin-induced normalization of amygdala and insula activity during scene processing. In addition, oxytocin normalized the abnormal coupling between amygdala activity and gaze behavior across all scenes in BPD participants. Overall, these findings suggest that oxytocin may be capable of attenuating BPD patients’ hypersensitivity for complex scenes, irrespective of their valence. KW - psychology KW - oxytocin KW - amygdala KW - insula KW - borderline personality disorder KW - functional magnetic resonance imaging KW - eye tracking Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173309 VL - 12 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Richard, Kyalo A1 - Abdel-Rahman, Elfatih M. A1 - Subramanian, Sevgan A1 - Nyasani, Johnson O. A1 - Thiel, Michael A1 - Jozani, Hosein A1 - Borgemeister, Christian A1 - Landmann, Tobias T1 - Maize cropping systems mapping using RapidEye observations in agro-ecological landscapes in Kenya JF - Sensors N2 - Cropping systems information on explicit scales is an important but rarely available variable in many crops modeling routines and of utmost importance for understanding pests and disease propagation mechanisms in agro-ecological landscapes. In this study, high spatial and temporal resolution RapidEye bio-temporal data were utilized within a novel 2-step hierarchical random forest (RF) classification approach to map areas of mono- and mixed maize cropping systems. A small-scale maize farming site in Machakos County, Kenya was used as a study site. Within the study site, field data was collected during the satellite acquisition period on general land use/land cover (LULC) and the two cropping systems. Firstly, non-cropland areas were masked out from other land use/land cover using the LULC mapping result. Subsequently an optimized RF model was applied to the cropland layer to map the two cropping systems (2nd classification step). An overall accuracy of 93% was attained for the LULC classification, while the class accuracies (PA: producer’s accuracy and UA: user’s accuracy) for the two cropping systems were consistently above 85%. We concluded that explicit mapping of different cropping systems is feasible in complex and highly fragmented agro-ecological landscapes if high resolution and multi-temporal satellite data such as 5 m RapidEye data is employed. Further research is needed on the feasibility of using freely available 10–20 m Sentinel-2 data for wide-area assessment of cropping systems as an important variable in numerous crop productivity models. KW - remote sensing KW - RapidEye KW - bi-temporal KW - cropping systems KW - random forest KW - Kenya Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173285 VL - 17 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmid, Tobias A1 - Falter, Lena A1 - Weber, Sabine A1 - Müller, Nils A1 - Molitor, Konstantin A1 - Zeller, David A1 - Weber-Steffens, Dorothea A1 - Hehlgans, Thomas A1 - Wajant, Harald A1 - Mostböck, Sven A1 - Männel, Daniela N. T1 - Chronic inflammation increases the sensitivity of mouse Treg for TNFR2 costimulation JF - Frontiers in Immunology N2 - TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) has gained attention as a costimulatory receptor for T cells and as critical factor for the development of regulatory T cells (Treg) and myeloid suppressor cells. Using the TNFR2-specific agonist TNCscTNF80, direct effects of TNFR2 activation on myeloid cells and T cells were investigated in mice. \(In\) \(vitro\), TNCscTNF80 induced T cell proliferation in a costimulatory fashion, and also supported \(in\) \(vitro\) expansion of Treg cells. In addition, activation of TNFR2 retarded differentiation of bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells in culture and reduced their suppressor function. \(In\) \(vivo\) application of TNCscTNF80-induced mild myelopoiesis in naïve mice without affecting the immune cell composition. Already a single application expanded Treg cells and improved suppression of CD4 T cells in mice with chronic inflammation. By contrast, multiple applications of the TNFR2 agonist were required to expand Treg cells in naïve mice. Improved suppression of T cell proliferation depended on expression of TNFR2 by T cells in mice repeatedly treated with TNCscTNF80, without a major contribution of TNFR2 on myeloid cells. Thus, TNFR2 activation on T cells in naïve mice can lead to immune suppression \(in\) \(vivo\). These findings support the important role of TNFR2 for Treg cells in immune regulation. KW - molecular medicine KW - inflammation KW - immune regulation KW - costimulation KW - MDSC KW - TNFR2 KW - regulatory T cell Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173259 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schielmann, Marta A1 - Szweda, Piotr A1 - Gucwa, Katarzyna A1 - Kawczyński, Marcin A1 - Milewska, Maria J. A1 - Martynow, Dorota A1 - Morschhäuser, Joachim A1 - Milewski, Sławomir T1 - Transport deficiency is the molecular basis of \(Candida\) \(albicans\) resistance to antifungal oligopeptides JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Oligopeptides incorporating \(N3\)-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-L-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (FMDP), an inhibitor of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, exhibited growth inhibitory activity against \(Candida\) \(albicans\), with minimal inhibitory concentration values in the 0.05–50 μg mL\(^{-1}\) range. Uptake by the peptide permeases was found to be the main factor limiting an anticandidal activity of these compounds. Di- and tripeptide containing FMDP (F2 and F3) were transported by Ptr2p/Ptr22p peptide transporters (PTR) and FMDP-containing hexa-, hepta-, and undecapeptide (F6, F7, and F11) were taken up by the oligopeptide transporters (OPT) oligopeptide permeases, preferably by Opt2p/Opt3p. A phenotypic, apparent resistance of \(C. albicans\) to FMDP-oligopeptides transported by OPT permeases was triggered by the environmental factors, whereas resistance to those taken up by the PTR system had a genetic basis. Anticandidal activity of longer FMDP-oligopeptides was strongly diminished in minimal media containing easily assimilated ammonium sulfate or L-glutamine as the nitrogen source, both known to downregulate expression of the OPT genes. All FMDP-oligopeptides tested were more active at lower pH and this effect was slightly more remarkable for peptides F6, F7, and F11, compared to F2 and F3. Formation of isolated colonies was observed inside the growth inhibitory zones induced by F2 and F3 but not inside those induced by F6, F7, and F11. The vast majority (98%) of those colonies did not originate from truly resistant cells. The true resistance of 2% of isolates was due to the impaired transport of di- and to a lower extent, tripeptides. The resistant cells did not exhibit a lower expression of \(PTR2\), \(PTR22\), or \(OPT1–3\) genes, but mutations in the \(PTR2\) gene resulting in T422H, A320S, D119V, and A320S substitutions in the amino acid sequence of Ptr2p were found. KW - microbiology KW - Candida albicans KW - oligopeptides KW - resistance mechanism KW - permease KW - antifungals Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173245 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Probing the \(W tb\) vertex structure in \(t\)-channel single-top-quark production and decay in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - To probe the \(W tb\) vertex structure, top-quark and \(W\)-boson polarisation observables are measured from \(t\)-channel single-top-quark events produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\), recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Selected events contain one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two jets, with one of them identified as likely to contain a \(b\)-hadron. Stringent selection requirements are applied to discriminate \(t\)-channel single-top-quark events from background. The polarisation observables are extracted from asymmetries in angular distributions measured with respect to spin quantisation axes appropriately chosen for the top quark and the \(W\) boson. The asymmetry measurements are performed at parton level by correcting the observed angular distributions for detector effects and hadronisation after subtracting the background contributions. The measured top-quark and \(W\)-boson polarisation values are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Limits on the imaginary part of the anomalous coupling \(g_R\) are also set from model independent measurements. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173234 VL - 2017 IS - 04 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Studies of \(Zγ\) production in association with a high-mass dijet system in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - The production of a \(Z\) boson and a photon in association with a high-mass dijet system is studied using 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s}\) = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider. Final states with a photon and a Z boson decaying into a pair of either electrons, muons, or neutrinos are analysed. Electroweak and total \(pp\) → \(Zγjj\) cross-sections are extracted in two fiducial regions with different sensitivities to electroweak production processes. Quartic couplings of vector bosons are studied in regions of phase space with an enhanced contribution from pure electroweak production, sensitive to vector-boson scattering processes \(V V → Zγ\). No deviations from Standard Model predictions are observed and constraints are placed on anomalous couplings parameterized by higher-dimensional operators using effective field theory. KW - High energy physics KW - Electroweak interaction KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173229 VL - 2017 IS - 07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Search for direct top squark pair production in events with a Higgs or \(Z\) boson, and missing transverse momentum in \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV \(pp\) collisions with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A search for direct top squark pair production resulting in events with either a same-flavour opposite-sign dilepton pair with invariant mass compatible with a \(Z\) boson or a pair of jets compatible with a Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson (\(h\)) is presented. Requirements on the missing transverse momentum, together with additional selections on leptons, jets, jets identified as originating from \(b\)-quarks are imposed to target the other decay products of the top squark pair. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data at \(\sqrt{s}\) = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015–2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb\(^{-1}\). No excess is observed in the data with respect to the SM predictions. The results are interpreted in two sets of models. In the first set, direct production of pairs of lighter top squarks (\(\tilde{t}_1\)) with long decay chains involving \(Z\) or Higgs bosons is considered. The second set includes direct pair production of the heavier top squark pairs (\(\tilde{t}_2\)) decaying via \(\tilde{t}_2\) → \(Z\tilde{t}_1\) or \(\tilde{t}_2\) → \(h\tilde{t}_1\). The results exclude at 95% confidence level \(\tilde{t}_2\) and \(\tilde{t}_1\) masses up to about 800 GeV, extending the exclusion region of supersymmetric parameter space covered by previous LHC searches. KW - High energy physics KW - Beyond Standard Model KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Higgs physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173210 VL - 2017 IS - 08 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the \(k_t\) splitting scales in \(Z → ℓℓ\) events in \(pp\) collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=8\) TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - A measurement of the splitting scales occuring in the \(k_t\) jet-clustering algorithm is presented for final states containing a \(Z\) boson. The measurement is done using 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\) of proton-proton collision data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s} = 8\) TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2012. The measurement is based on charged-particle track information, which is measured with excellent precision in the \(p_T\) region relevant for the transition between the perturbative and the non-perturbative regimes. The data distributions are corrected for detector effects, and are found to deviate from state-of-the-art predictions in various regions of the observables. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron Hadron scattering (experiments) Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173180 VL - 2017 IS - 08 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wu, Yu A1 - Pons, Valérie A1 - Goudet, Amélie A1 - Panigai, Laetitia A1 - Fischer, Annette A1 - Herweg, Jo-Ana A1 - Kali, Sabrina A1 - Davey, Robert A. A1 - Laporte, Jérôme A1 - Bouclier, Céline A1 - Yousfi, Rahima A1 - Aubenque, Céline A1 - Merer, Goulven A1 - Gobbo, Emilie A1 - Lopez, Roman A1 - Gillet, Cynthia A1 - Cojean, Sandrine A1 - Popoff, Michel R. A1 - Clayette, Pascal A1 - Le Grand, Roger A1 - Boulogne, Claire A1 - Tordo, Noël A1 - Lemichez, Emmanuel A1 - Loiseau, Philippe M. A1 - Rudel, Thomas A1 - Sauvaire, Didier A1 - Cintrat, Jean-Christophe A1 - Gillet, Daniel A1 - Barbier, Julien T1 - ABMA, a small molecule that inhibits intracellular toxins and pathogens by interfering with late endosomal compartments JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Intracellular pathogenic microorganisms and toxins exploit host cell mechanisms to enter, exert their deleterious effects as well as hijack host nutrition for their development. A potential approach to treat multiple pathogen infections and that should not induce drug resistance is the use of small molecules that target host components. We identifed the compound 1-adamantyl (5-bromo-2-methoxybenzyl) amine (ABMA) from a cell-based high throughput screening for its capacity to protect human cells and mice against ricin toxin without toxicity. This compound efciently protects cells against various toxins and pathogens including viruses, intracellular bacteria and parasite. ABMA provokes Rab7-positive late endosomal compartment accumulation in mammalian cells without affecting other organelles (early endosomes, lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum or the nucleus). As the mechanism of action of ABMA is restricted to host-endosomal compartments, it reduces cell infection by pathogens that depend on this pathway to invade cells. ABMA may represent a novel class of broad-spectrum compounds with therapeutic potential against diverse severe infectious diseases. KW - biology KW - antimicrobials KW - high-throughput screening KW - infectious diseases Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173170 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz, Herbert A1 - Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin A1 - Herms, Stefan A1 - Wolf, Christiane A1 - Mirza-Schreiber, Nazanin A1 - Stegle, Oliver A1 - Czamara, Darina A1 - Forstner, Andreas J. A1 - Sivalingam, Sugirthan A1 - Schoch, Susanne A1 - Moebus, Susanne A1 - Pütz, Benno A1 - Hillmer, Axel A1 - Fricker, Nadine A1 - Vatter, Hartmut A1 - Müller-Myhsok, Bertram A1 - Nöthen, Markus M. A1 - Becker, Albert J. A1 - Hoffmann, Per A1 - Sander, Thomas A1 - Cichon, Sven T1 - Genome-wide mapping of genetic determinants influencing DNA methylation and gene expression in human hippocampus JF - Nature Communications N2 - Emerging evidence emphasizes the strong impact of regulatory genomic elements in neurodevelopmental processes and the complex pathways of brain disorders. The present genome-wide quantitative trait loci analyses explore the \(cis\)-regulatory effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on DNA methylation (meQTL) and gene expression (eQTL) in 110 human hippocampal biopsies. We identify \(cis\)-meQTLs at 14,118 CpG methylation sites and \(cis\)-eQTLs for 302 3′-mRNA transcripts of 288 genes. Hippocampal \(cis\)-meQTL-CpGs are enriched in flanking regions of active promoters, CpG island shores, binding sites of the transcription factor CTCF and brain eQTLs. \(Cis\)-acting SNPs of hippocampal meQTLs and eQTLs significantly overlap schizophrenia-associated SNPs. Correlations of CpG methylation and RNA expression are found for 34 genes. Our comprehensive maps of \(cis\)-acting hippocampal meQTLs and eQTLs provide a link between disease-associated SNPs and the regulatory genome that will improve the functional interpretation of non-coding genetic variants in the molecular genetic dissection of brain disorders. KW - psychiatry KW - epigenetics in the nervous system KW - epigenomics KW - gene expression KW - neurological disorders Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173168 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of the inclusive jet cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at \(\sqrt{s}=8\) TeV with the ATLAS detector JF - Journal of High Energy Physics N2 - Inclusive jet production cross-sections are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of \(\sqrt{s} = 8\) TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The total integrated luminosity of the analysed data set amounts to 20.2 fb\(^{−1}\). Double-differential cross-sections are measured for jets defined by the anti-\(k_t\) jet clustering algorithm with radius parameters of \(R\) = 0.4 and \(R\) = 0.6 and are presented as a function of the jet transverse momentum, in the range between 70 GeV and 2.5 TeV and in six bins of the absolute jet rapidity, between 0 and 3.0. The measured cross-sections are compared to predictions of quantum chromodynamics, calculated at next-to-leading order in perturbation theory, and corrected for non-perturbative and electroweak effects. The level of agreement with predictions, using a selection of different parton distribution functions for the proton, is quantified. Tensions between the data and the theory predictions are observed. KW - High energy physics KW - Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments) KW - Jet physics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173123 VL - 2017 IS - 09 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Skryabin, D.V. A1 - Kartashov, Y.V. A1 - Egorov, O.A. A1 - Sich, M. A1 - Chana, J.K. A1 - Tapia Rodriguez, L.E. A1 - Walker, P.M. A1 - Clarke, E. A1 - Royall, B. A1 - Skolnick, M.S. A1 - Krizhanovskii, D.N. T1 - Backward Cherenkov radiation emitted by polariton solitons in a microcavity wire JF - Nature Communications N2 - Exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities form a highly nonlinear platform to study a variety of effects interfacing optical, condensed matter, quantum and statistical physics. We show that the complex polariton patterns generated by picosecond pulses in microcavity wire waveguides can be understood as the Cherenkov radiation emitted by bright polariton solitons, which is enabled by the unique microcavity polariton dispersion, which has momentum intervals with positive and negative group velocities. Unlike in optical fibres and semiconductor waveguides, we observe that the microcavity wire Cherenkov radiation is predominantly emitted with negative group velocity and therefore propagates backwards relative to the propagation direction of the emitting soliton. We have developed a theory of the microcavity wire polariton solitons and of their Cherenkov radiation and conducted a series of experiments, where we have measured polariton-soliton pulse compression, pulse breaking and emission of the backward Cherenkov radiation. KW - physics KW - polaritons KW - solitons Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173046 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tuan, Dinh Van A1 - Scharf, Benedikt A1 - Žutič, Igor A1 - Dery, Hanan T1 - Marrying excitons and plasmons in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides JF - Physical Review X N2 - Just as photons are the quanta of light, plasmons are the quanta of orchestrated charge-density oscillations in conducting media. Plasmon phenomena in normal metals, superconductors, and doped semiconductors are often driven by long-wavelength Coulomb interactions. However, in crystals whose Fermi surface is comprised of disconnected pockets in the Brillouin zone, collective electron excitations can also attain a shortwave component when electrons transition between these pockets. In this work, we show that the band structure of monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides gives rise to an intriguing mechanism through which shortwave plasmons are paired up with excitons. The coupling elucidates the origin for the optical sideband that is observed repeatedly in monolayers of WSe\(_2\) and WS\(_2\) but not understood. The theory makes it clear why exciton-plasmon coupling has the right conditions to manifest itself distinctly only in the optical spectra of electron-doped tungsten-based monolayers. KW - physics KW - excitons KW - plasmons KW - semiconductors KW - spintronics KW - valleytronics Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173030 VL - 7 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofmann, Ulf Krister A1 - Keller, Ramona Luise A1 - Walter, Christian A1 - Mittag, Falk T1 - Predictability of the effects of facet joint infiltration in the degenerate lumbar spine when assessing MRI scans JF - Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research N2 - Background Imaging results are frequently considered as hallmarks of disease by spine surgeons to plan their future treatment strategy. Numerous classification systems have been proposed to quantify or grade lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and thus objectify imaging findings. The clinical impact of the measured parameters remains, however, unclear. To evaluate the pathological significance of imaging findings in patients with multisegmental degenerative findings, clinicians can perform image-guided local infiltrations to target defined areas such as the facet joints. The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate the correlation of MRI facet joint degeneration and spinal stenosis measurements with improvement obtained by image-guided intraarticular facet joint infiltration. Methods Fifty MRI scans of patients with chronic lumbar back pain were graded radiologically using a wide range of classification and measurement systems. The reported effect of facet joint injections at the site was recorded, and a comparative analysis performed. Results When we allocated patients according to their reported pain relief, 27 showed no improvement (0–30%), 16 reported good improvement (31–75%) and 7 reported excellent improvement (> 75%). MRI features assessed in this study did, however, not show any relevant correlation with reported pain after facet joint infiltration: Values for Kendall’s tau ranged from \(\tau\) = − 0.190 for neuroforaminal stenosis grading as suggested by Lee, to \(\tau\) = 0.133 for posterior disc height as proposed by Hasegawa. Conclusion Despite the trend in evidence-based medicine to provide medical algorithms, our findings underline the continuing need for individualised spine care that, along with imaging techniques or targeted infiltrations, includes diagnostic dimensions such as good patient history and clinical examination to formulate a diagnosis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03308149, retrospectively registered October 2017 KW - medicine KW - lumbar spinal stenosis KW - lumbar degenerative disease KW - MRI KW - facet joint degeneration KW - facet joint injection Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173027 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kingslake, Jonathan A1 - Dias, Rebecca A1 - Dawson, Gerard R. A1 - Simon, Judit A1 - Goodwin, Guy M. A1 - Harmer, Catherine J. A1 - Morriss, Richard A1 - Brown, Susan A1 - Guo, Boliang A1 - Dourish, Colin T. A1 - Ruhé, Henricus G. A1 - Lever, Anne G. A1 - Veltman, Dick J. A1 - van Schaik, Anneke A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Stäblein, Michael A1 - Menke, Andreas A1 - Gorwood, Philip A1 - Voegeli, Géraldine A1 - Perez, Victor A1 - Browning, Michael T1 - The effects of using the PReDicT Test to guide the antidepressant treatment of depressed patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial JF - Trials N2 - Background Antidepressant medication is commonly used to treat depression. However, many patients do not respond to the first medication prescribed and improvements in symptoms are generally only detectable by clinicians 4–6 weeks after the medication has been initiated. As a result, there is often a long delay between the decision to initiate an antidepressant medication and the identification of an effective treatment regimen. Previous work has demonstrated that antidepressant medications alter subtle measures of affective cognition in depressed patients, such as the appraisal of facial expression. Furthermore, these cognitive effects of antidepressants are apparent early in the course of treatment and can also predict later clinical response. This trial will assess whether an electronic test of affective cognition and symptoms (the Predicting Response to Depression Treatment Test; PReDicT Test) can be used to guide antidepressant treatment in depressed patients and, therefore, hasten treatment response compared to a control group of patients treated as usual. Methods/design The study is a randomised, two-arm, multi-centre, open-label, clinical investigation of a medical device, the PReDicT Test. It will be conducted in five European countries (UK, France, Spain, Germany and the Netherlands) in depressed patients who are commencing antidepressant medication. Patients will be randomised to treatment guided by the PReDicT Test (PReDicT arm) or to Treatment as Usual (TaU arm). Patients in the TaU arm will be treated as per current standard guidelines in their particular country. Patients in the PReDicT arm will complete the PReDicT Test after 1 (and if necessary, 2) weeks of treatment. If the test indicates non-response to the treatment, physicians will be advised to immediately alter the patient’s antidepressant therapy by dose escalation or switching to another compound. The primary outcome of the study is the proportion of patients showing a clinical response (defined as 50% or greater decrease in baseline scores of depressionmeasured using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms – Self-Rated questionnaire) at week 8. Health economic and acceptability data will also be collected and analysed. Discussion This trial will test the clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of using the novel PReDicT Test to guide antidepressant treatment selection in depressed patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02790970. Registered on 30 March 2016. KW - psychiatry KW - depression KW - prediction KW - treatment KW - antidepressant KW - primary care Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173012 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lukeš, Tomáš A1 - Glatzová, Daniela A1 - Kvíčalová, Zuzana A1 - Levet, Florian A1 - Benda, Aleš A1 - Letschert, Sebastian A1 - Sauer, Markus A1 - Brdička, Tomáš A1 - Lasser, Theo A1 - Cebecauer, Marek T1 - Quantifying protein densities on cell membranes using super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging JF - Nature Communications N2 - Quantitative approaches for characterizing molecular organization of cell membrane molecules under physiological and pathological conditions profit from recently developed super-resolution imaging techniques. Current tools employ statistical algorithms to determine clusters of molecules based on single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) data. These approaches are limited by the ability of SMLM techniques to identify and localize molecules in densely populated areas and experimental conditions of sample preparation and image acquisition. We have developed a robust, model-free, quantitative clustering analysis to determine the distribution of membrane molecules that excels in densely labeled areas and is tolerant to various experimental conditions, i.e. multiple-blinking or high blinking rates. The method is based on a TIRF microscope followed by a super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) analysis. The effectiveness and robustness of the method is validated using simulated and experimental data investigating nanoscale distribution of CD4 glycoprotein mutants in the plasma membrane of T cells. KW - biology KW - fluorescence imaging KW - imaging the immune system KW - super-resolution microscopy Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172993 VL - 8 ER -