TY - JOUR A1 - Zetzl, Teresa A1 - Pittig, Andre A1 - Renner, Agnes A1 - van Oorschott, Birgitt A1 - Jentschke, Elisabeth T1 - Yoga therapy to reduce fatigue in cancer: effects of reminder e-mails and long-term efficacy JF - Supportive Care in Cancer N2 - Objective To examine the efficacy of reminder e-mails to continue yoga therapy on practice frequency and fatigue in cancer patients and long-term effects of yoga on fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Methology One hundred two cancer patients who completed an 8-week yoga therapy were randomly allocated to two groups: reminder (N = 51) vs. no-reminder group (N = 51). After completing yoga therapy, the reminder group received weekly e-mails for 24 weeks, which reminded them of practicing yoga, whereas the no-reminder group did not. Primary outcomes were fatigue and practice frequency, and long-term outcomes were fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Data were assessed using questionnaires after yoga therapy (T1) and 6 months after completing yoga therapy (T2). Result A significantly stronger reduction of general (p = 0.038, d = 0.42) and emotional fatigue (p = 0.004, d = 0.59) and a higher increase of practice frequency (p = 0.015, d = 0.52) between T1 and T2 were found for the reminder group compared to the no-reminder group. In the mediation model, practice frequency as a mediator partially explained the changes in emotional fatigue (indirect effect B =  - 0.10). Long-term effects of yoga therapy regarding fatigue, depression, and quality of life were found (F > 7.46, p < 0.001, d > 0.54). Conclusion Weekly reminder e-mails after yoga therapy can positively affect general and emotional fatigue and help cancer patients with fatigue establish a regular yoga practice at home. However, higher practice frequency did not lead to higher physical or cognitive fatigue improvement, suggesting other factors that mediate efficacy on physical or cognitive fatigue, such as mindfulness or side effects of therapy. KW - reminder e-mails KW - mind–body intervention KW - complementary alternative medicine KW - long-term effects KW - Yoga KW - fatigue Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268415 SN - 1433-7339 VL - 29 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zetzl, Teresa A1 - Renner, Agnes A1 - Pittig, Andre A1 - Jentschke, Elisabeth A1 - Roch, Carmen A1 - van Oorschot, Birgitt T1 - Yoga effectively reduces fatigue and symptoms of depression in patients with different types of cancer JF - Supportive Care in Cancer N2 - Purpose Examine the effects of an 8-week yoga therapy on fatigue in patients with different types of cancer. Methods A total of 173 cancer patients suffering from mild to severe fatigue were randomly allocated to yoga intervention (n = 84) (IG) versus waitlist control group (CG) (n = 88). Yoga therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions with 60 min each. The primary outcome was self-reported fatigue symptoms. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life (QoL). Data were assessed using questionnaires before (T0) and after yoga therapy for IG versus waiting period for CG (T1). Results A stronger reduction of general fatigue (P = .033), physical fatigue (P = .048), and depression (P < .001) as well as a stronger increase in QoL (P = .002) was found for patients who attended 7 or 8 sessions compared with controls. Within the yoga group, both higher attendance rate and lower T0-fatigue were significant predictors of lower T1-fatigue (P ≤ .001). Exploratory results revealed that women with breast cancer report a higher reduction of fatigue than women with other types of cancer (P = .016) after yoga therapy. Conclusion The findings support the assumption that yoga therapy is useful to reduce cancer-related fatigue, especially for the physical aspects of fatigue. Women with breast cancer seem to benefit most, and higher attendance rate results in greater reduction of fatigue. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016034 KW - yoga KW - complementary alternative medicine KW - mind-body intervention KW - fatigue KW - depression KW - quality of live Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235415 SN - 0941-4355 VL - 29 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sebeck, Jennifer T1 - Versorgungsqualität von Tumorpatienten am Lebensende unter Screening-gestützter palliativmedizinischer Mitbetreuung T1 - Evaluation of the quality of care of terminal-cancer patients undergoing screening-based palliative care N2 - Im Rahmen des BUKA-Projektes (Beratung und Unterstützung für Patienten mit Krebs und ihren Angehörigen) wurden im Universitätsklinikum Würzburg Krebspatienten auf Palliativbedarf gescreent. Ziel war es, bei einem positiven Screening die spezialisierte Palliativmedizin möglichst frühzeitig in onkologische Entscheidungsprozesse miteinzubeziehen. Konzentriert wurde sich in diesem Projekt auf Patienten, die aufgrund eines metastasierten Primärfalles oder aufgrund eines Rezidives/ Progresses im Tumorboard der Universität Würzburg vorgestellt wurden. Als Tumordiagnose lag ein Bronchialkarzinom, ein gastrointestinaler Tumor oder ein malignes Melanom vor. Für die Auswertung unserer Studie wurden ausschließlich Patienten einbezogen, die innerhalb von 12 Monaten nach Vorstellung im Tumorboard verstorben sind. Um die Wirkung des Screenings beurteilen zu können, wurden Patientendaten zweier Beobachtungszeiträume verglichen. Die erste Kohorte aus dem Jahr 2011 umfasste 143 Patienten mit einem mittleren Alter von 65,9 Jahren. 67,8% der Patienten waren Männer und 32,2% Frauen. Bei dieser Kohorte erfolgte kein Screening auf Palliativbedarf. Die zweite, palliativmedizinisch gescreente Kohorte aus dem Jahr 2014/15 bestand aus 263 Patienten mit einem mittleren Alter von 65,5 Jahren. Das Patientenkollektiv setzte sich zu 65,0% aus Männern und 35,0% Frauen zusammen. Anhand eines Datenvergleiches des Jahres 2011 mit 2014/15, sollte untersucht werden, ob die Versorgung von Tumorpatienten am Lebensende durch eine Screening gestützte palliativmedizinische Mitbetreuung verbessert werden konnte. Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse zusammengefasst. Im Jahr 2014/15 konnte eine Erhöhung des Anteils an Patienten mit Kontakt zur Palliativmedizin um knapp 20% erreicht werden. 72,2% des Kollektivs nahmen in unserer Studie palliativmedizinische Angebote in Anspruch, 2011 waren dies 56,6%. Der Anteil an Patienten mit Erstkontakt ≤ 3 Tage vor dem Tod reduzierte sich um 15% (23,5% vs. 8,9%). Eine signifikante Erhöhung an dokumentierten Patientenverfügungen wurde nicht verzeichnet (19,6% vs. 26,6%). Ebenso fand kein Rückgang an tumorspezifischen Therapiemaßnahmen in den letzten 14 Lebenstagen statt. Hier kam es im Vergleich zum Jahr 2011 zu einer leichten Steigerung um 3% (24,5% vs. 27,8%). Die Ursache scheint in der Zunahme an Patienten mit einer zielgerichteten Therapie zu liegen. Der Vergleich beider Studien ergab, dass eine Verbesserung der Versorgungsqualität von Tumorpatienten am Lebensende durch die Screening gestützte palliativmedizinische Mitbetreuung in Teilpunkten erreicht werden konnte. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen aber auch auf, dass es im Vergleich zur Kohorte des Jahres 2011 weiterhin zu einer Überversorgung am Lebensende bei Tumorpatienten kam. Deutlich wird dies im Hinblick auf die Konstanz bzw. leichte Zunahme an tumorspezifischer Therapie in den letzten 14 Lebenstagen. Vor allem neue Therapieansätze und Medikamente bei der zielgerichteten Therapie scheinen einen Rückgang zu verhindern. Es ist daher entscheidend, die Palliativmedizin möglichst frühzeitig in die Behandlung von Krebspatienten miteinzubeziehen, um so überambitionierte Therapiemaßnahmen am Lebensende zu unterbinden und rückläufige Prozentzahlen bei dem QI „Durchführen einer tumorspezifischen Therapie in den letzten 14 Lebenstagen“ zu erhalten. Ob die Screening-gestützte palliativmedizinische Mitbetreuung eine Möglichkeit dafür darstellen könnte, konnte mit unserer Studie nicht eindeutig geklärt werden. Es sind weitere Studien bezüglich dieser Thematik nötig. N2 - As part of the BUKA project (Advice and Support for Patients with Cancer and their Relatives), University Hospital Würzburg screened a number of cancer patients to determine their need for palliative care. The aim was to integrate specialized palliative care into the treatment approach as early on as possible for those with positive screening results. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of such screening, patient data from two separate time frames were taken into account. For a set of 143 patients from 2011, no screening took place. In contrast, a group of 263 patients from 2014/15 were assessed for their need for palliative care. Comparing the data from both periods made it possible to examine whether the quality of care for patients with terminal cancer could be improved by this screening approach and by the resulting palliative care. The following summarizes the results obtained from this study. In 2014/15, an increase of around 20% of patients who obtained palliative care was reached. 72.2% of this group received such care, compared to 56.6% of the group from 2011. The amount of patients receiving their first exposure to palliative care ≤ 3 days prior to death was reduced by 15% (23.5% vs. 8.9%). There was no record of a noticeable increase in the amount of documented patient decrees (19.6% vs. 26.6%). Additionally, there was no decline in tumor specific therapy approaches in the final 14 days of a patient’s life. Compared to 2011, there was a slight increase of 3% (24.5% vs. 27.8%). Comparing both studies resulted in the conclusion that an improvement in the quality of care of terminal- cancer patients was partly achievable using screening-based palliative care. KW - Tumorerkrankungen KW - Versorgungsqualität KW - end-of-life KW - Palliativmedizin Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180285 ER - TY - THES A1 - Späth, Leonie T1 - Vermeidung von Überversorgung am Lebensende am Beispiel der Thromboembolieprophylaxe nach Einführung einer Klug Entscheiden-Initiative T1 - Avoidance of oversupply at the end of life based on the example of thromboembolism prophylaxis after the practical implementation of a choosing wisely-Program N2 - Fragestellung und wissenschaftlicher Hintergrund: Anknüpfend an die S3-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin und an die internationale Choosing Wisely-Kampagne sowie die deutsche Klug Entscheiden-Initiative wurde auf der Palliativstation im Universitätsklinikum Würzburg im Juni 2015 das „Klug Entscheiden am Lebensende“-Programm (= KEL-Programm) eingeführt. Der Fokus der retrospektiven Patientenaktenanalyse lag auf der Thromboembolieprophylaxe in der Sterbephase (die drei bis sieben Tage vor dem eintretenden Tod) durch das NMH Natrium-Enoxaparin. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen tumorbedingten Erkrankungen und thromboembolischen Komplikationen ist unumstritten, konkurrierende Empfehlungen in verschiedenen Leitlinien erschweren jedoch die Entscheidungsfindung zur Indikationsstellung am Lebensende im palliativen Setting. Diese Untersuchung sollte zur wissenschaftlichen Aufarbeitung der Polymedikation am Lebensende am Beispiel der Thromboembolieprophylaxe beitragen und die praktische Umsetzung des KEL-Programms in der täglichen Praxis beleuchten. Methodik: Es wurden zwei Patientengruppen untersucht: die Kontrollgruppe (KoG, n = 107) vor der Einführung des KEL-Programmes sowie die Klug-Entscheiden-Gruppe (KEG, n = 85) nach der Implementierung des Programms. Es wurden jeweils nur auf der Station Verstorbene betrachtet. Die Patientendaten und klinischen Informationen wurden der ärztlichen und pflegerischen Dokumentation entnommen, die in den Patientenakten auf der Palliativstation sortiert vorlagen. Mithilfe eines Erfassungsbogens wurde die subkutane Applikation der NMH jeweils am Aufnahmetag, drei bis sieben Tage und zwei Tage vor dem Tod sowie am Todestag festgehalten. Zusätzlich wurden klinische Symptome notiert, die auf ein thromboembolisches Ereignis hinweisen könnten. Des Weiteren wurde die Verordnung der vier essentiellen Medikamente (Opioide, Benzodiazepine, Neuroleptika, Anticholinergika) zur Symptomkontrolle in der Sterbewoche sowie Symptome der Patienten erhoben. Ergebnis: Insgesamt erhielten am Aufnahmetag auf der Palliativstation 44,9 % der Patienten in der Kontrollgruppe das NMH Na-Enoxaparin und nur 29,4 % der Patienten in der Klug-Entscheiden-Gruppe und zeigte damit einen signifikanten Unterschied (p = 0,029; Chi-Quadrat-Test). Dieser Trend setzte sich auch in der gesamten Sterbewoche fort. Drei bis sieben Tage vor dem Tod wurde 52,6 % der Patienten in der Kontrollgruppe Na-Enoxaparin appliziert, in der Klug-Entscheiden-Gruppe erhielten es nur 28,6 % (p = 0,004; Chi-Quadrat-Test). Zwei Tage vor dem Tod wurden im ersten Zeitraum 30,8 %, im zweiten Zeitraum 5,5 % der Patienten mit Na-Enoxaparin therapiert (p < 0,001; Exakter Test nach Fisher). Am Todestag wurde es in der Kontrollgruppe 12,1 % gegeben und in der Klug-Entscheiden-Gruppe 3,5 % (p = 0,037; Exakter Test nach Fisher). In der ärztlichen und pflegerischen Dokumentation wurde keine Häufung von Hinweisen auf thromboembolische Ereignissen festgestellt (KoG: 7,5%, KEG: 5,9%, p = 0,662; Chi-Quadrat-Test). Schmerzen und Dyspnoe traten in vergleichbarer Intensität auf, die Symptomausprägung der Unruhe unterschied sich signifikant. Die vier essenziellen Medikamente zur Symptomlinderung in der Sterbephase waren in unverändertem Umfang erforderlich. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass durch individuelle Entscheidungen bezüglich des Absetzens der Thromboembolieprophylaxe am Lebensende kein Anstieg an thromboembolischen Komplikationen befürchtet werden muss. Auf diese Weise kann ein Beitrag zur Vermeidung von Polymedikation am Lebensende geleistet werden, ohne dass die Versorgungsqualität darunter zu leiden hat. Die erfolgreiche Implementierung des Würzburger KEL-Programms und diese Dissertation sollen zur weiteren Reflexion über ärztliches Handeln am Lebensende beitragen und ermutigen. Ärzte aller Fachrichtungen sind weiterhin für die Problematik der Überversorgung zu sensibilisieren und Empfehlungen im Sinne der Klug Entscheiden-Initiative sollen in die tägliche Praxis eingebunden werden. N2 - Research question and scientific background: In June 2015 the palliative care unit of the University Hospital Würzburg introduced the program “Klug Entscheiden am Lebensende” (engl.: choosing wisely at the end of life), following the S3-guideline of the German Society for Palliative Care as well as the German and international campaign Choosing Wisely. The focus was placed on the retrospective analysis of thromboembolism prophylaxis in the phase of dying (three to seven days before the incidence of death), by evaluating NMH enoxaparin sodium which is primarily used for thrombosis prophylaxis in stationary tumor patients and palliative patients. Data was retrieved from patient’s health records. The aim of this study was to evaluate polymedication at the end of life based on the example of thromboembolism prophylaxis and further to assess the practical implementation of the choosing wisely at the end of life (CWEL) program in the daily clinical routine. Methods: We compared outcomes between the control group (CG, N = 107), in which patients were treated before the implementation of the choose-wisely-program, and the choosing wisely group (CWG, N = 85), in which patients were treated according to the principles of the CWEL-program. The application of NMH was measured at three different time-points in the last week of life. Patient data and clinical information were retrieved from sorted patient records at the palliative care unit and evaluation was based on written documentation by doctors and nurses. Results: Significantly less enoxaparin sodium was prescribed at all three measurement points in the last week of life in the CWG as compared to the CG. According to patient records, there was no indication of increased thromboembolic events in the CWG. Pain and dyspnoea occurred in similar intensity in both groups, while the symptom unrest significantly differed between groups. The four essential medications (Opioids, benzodiazepines, neuroleptics, anticholinergics) for symptom relief in the phase of dying were required to the same extend in both groups. Conclusions: The results indicate that the weaning of thromboembolic prophylaxis at the end of life does not lead to an increase of thromboembolic complications. In this way, doctors can contribute to the prevention of polymedication at the end of life without risking a decrease of the quality of care. The successful implementation of the CWEL-program in the University Clinic in Würzburg and the here presented thesis encourage and contribute to the reflection of and discussion about medical action at the end of life. There is still a need to increase the awareness of doctors from all specializations for the problem of medical oversupply. Also, recommendations according to the CWEL initiative have to be further integrated in daily clinical practices. KW - Palliativmedizin KW - Thrombose KW - Niedermolekulares Heparin KW - Überversorgung KW - Palliative Care KW - Thromboembolieprophylaxe KW - Klug Entscheiden KW - Sterbephase KW - oversupply KW - thromboembolism prophylaxis KW - choosing wisely KW - dying phase Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199585 ER - TY - THES A1 - Müller, Matthias T1 - Vergleich von in-vitro-Ergebnissen im Mikrokerntest und den klinischen Beobachtungen nach Bestrahlung T1 - Comparison of in-vitro-results in micronucleus-assay and clinical observations after radiotherapy N2 - Hintergrund: Mikrokerne sind Chromosomenfragmente, die nicht in den Hauptkern integriert wurden und im Zytoplasma von proliferierenden Zellen nach ionisierender Strahlung oder Behandlung mit mutagensierenden Substanzen zu finden sind. In vielen Fällen konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Mikrokernfrequenz als Indikator für den strahleninduzierten Schaden dienen kann. Humane Lymphozyten und Fibroblasten von Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs nach Brusterhaltender Therapie wurden bestrahlt, im Mikrokerntest ausgewertet und die Ergebnisse mit den klinischen Akutreaktionen verglichen. Methode: Beide Zelltypen der 24 Patientinnen mit dem selben Bestrahlungsproceder (50 Gy + 10 Gy Boost) und ohne Chemotherapie wurden untersucht. Die Normalgewebsreaktionen wurden unter Verwendung der RTOG-Kriterien bestimmt. Die Zellen wurden in vitro mit 0-, 1-, 2-Gy-Einmaldosis-Bestrahlung (Lymphozyten) bzw. 0-, 2-, 4-Gy-Einmaldosis-Bestrahlung behandelt, über 72 h kultiviert, auf Objektträgern fixiert und bei 400 - 1000facher Vergrößerung (Fluoreszenzmikroskop) ausgewertet. Die Zellteilung der Lymphozyten wurde mittels Cytochalasin B (Cyt B) inhibiert. Ergebnisse: Es konnte keine signifikante Korrelation der in-vitro-Strahlenempfindlichkeit und den Normalgewebsreaktionen beobachtet werden. Des weiteren wurde kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Strahlenempfindlichkeit der lymphozyten und den Fibroblasten, die vom selben Spender gewonnen wurden, beobachtet. Zusammenfassung: Die Daten unterstützen nicht den Nutzen des Mikrokern-Testes in der Vorhersage von Normalgewebsreaktionen auf die Strahlentherapie bei Malignompatienten. N2 - Comparison of in-vitro-results in micronucleus-assay (MN-assay) and clinical observations after radiotherapy Background: Micronuclei are chromosome fragments which are not integrated into the main nucleus and expressed in cytoplasm of proliferating cells after ionizing radiation or treatment with mutagenic agents. In many cases it has been shown that the micronucleus frequence can be a indicator of cellular radiation induced damage. Human lymphocytes and fibroblasts of patients with breast cancer after breast conserving therapy were irradiated, tested in MN-assay and the results were compared with clinical acute reactions. Methods: Both celltypes of 24 patients with the same irradiation procedure (50 Gy + 10 Gy boost) and without chemotherapy were observed. The acute reactions of normal tissue were determined by using the RTOG scale. The cells were treated in vitro with 0-, 1- and 2-Gy-single-dose-irradiation (lymphocytes) or with 0-, 2-and 4-Gy-single-dose-irradiation (fibroblasts) respectively, cultured about 72 h, fixed on slides and scored at 400 - 1000x magnification (flourescence microscope). The cellular division of lymphocytes was inhibited by using Cytochalasin B (Cyt B). Results: No significant correlation of in-vitro-radiosensivity and normal tissue reactions were observed. In addition, no relationship was observed between the radiosensitivity of lymphocytes and fibroblasts derived from the same donors. Conclusion: The data does not support the usefulness of the MN-assay in predicting normal-tissue response to radiotherapy of cancer patients. KW - Mikrokerntest KW - Strahlentherapie KW - Brustkrebs KW - Lymphozyten KW - Fibroblasten KW - micronucleus-assay KW - radiotherapy KW - breastcancer KW - lymphocytes KW - fibroblasts Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-10212 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kunz, Andreas Steven T1 - Vergleich von 3D-konformaler und intensitätsmodulierter Strahlentherapie beim nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom T1 - Comparison of 3D conformal and intensity modulated radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit soll dazu dienen, die Strahlentherapie bei Patienten mit histologisch gesichertem, nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom nach 3D-konformalem sowie intensitätsmoduliertem Schema anhand definierter Outcome-Parameter und ihrer Nebenwirkungsraten zu vergleichen. Insgesamt wurde für diese monozentrisch durchgeführte Studie mit retrospektivem Design ein Kollektiv aus 111 Patienten/-innen untersucht. Anhand des untersuchtem Kollektivs konnte gezeigt werden, dass beide Therapieverfahren bezüglich der Überlebensraten und der Rezidiv- bzw. Metastasierungshäufigkeit im Rahmen des beobachteten Studienzeitraums miteinander vergleichbar sind. Auch für die Häufigkeit akuter Therapie-assoziierter Nebenwirkungen konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den beiden Bestrahlungstechniken nachgewiesen werden; dagegen trat eine chronische Strahlenpneumonitis häufiger in der Patientengruppe auf, die primär eine 3D-CRT erhalten hatte. N2 - The purpose of this study is to compare radiotherapy in patients with histologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer treated by means of 3D conformal as well as intensity modulated regimens on the basis of defined outcome parameters and their side effect rates. A total of 111 patients were examined for this monocentric study with retrospective design. On the basis of the investigated collective, it could be shown that both therapy methods are comparable with each other with regard to the survival rates and the recurrence or metastasis frequency within the observed study period. Also regarding the frequency of acute therapy-associated side effects, no significant difference between the two radiation techniques could be demonstrated; in contrast, chronic radiation pneumonitis occurred more frequently in the patient group that had primarily received 3D-CRT. KW - Nicht-kleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom KW - Strahlentherapie KW - 3D-konformale Radiotherapie KW - Intensitätsmodulierte Radiotherapie KW - 3D-conformal radiotherapy KW - intensity modulated radiotherapy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-253399 ER - TY - THES A1 - Stumm, Tobias T1 - Vergleich verschiedener Bestrahlungstechniken am Beispiel unterschiedlicher Hirntumore - eine retrospektive Planungsstudie T1 - Comparison of different radiation techniques at the example of different brain tumors - a retrospective planning study N2 - Die Patientenbestrahlung stellt eine wichtige Therapiesäule in der onkologischen Behandlung von Hirntumoren dar. Das Hauptaugenmerk wird dabei auf die Erreichung einer vorgegebenen Zieldosis im Tumorgebiet und die ausreichende Schonung von sensiblen Strukturen gerichtet. Wir verglichen insgesamt 4 Bestrahlungstechniken untereinander, welche in ihrer Segmentierung und Feldzahl variiert werden können: KoPlanar (Komplettbestrahlung in einer Ebene), KoPlanar+1 (Bestrahlung in einer Ebene mit einem Zusatzfeld in einer anderen Ebene), 2-Ebenen (Bestrahlung auf 2 unterschiedliche Ebenen verteilt), Quasi-Isotrop (Bestrahlung mit Zentralstrahlen in mehreren unterschiedlichen Ebenen). Die Feldzahl kann zwischen wenigen Feldern (9F oder 10F) und vielen Feldern (15F oder 16F) gewählt werden. Die Segmentanzahl wird entweder bei 64 oder 120 Segmenten festgelegt, alternativ wurde eine freie Optimierung der Feldfluenz ermöglicht. Dabei zeigte die Quasi-Isotrope Technik eindeutige und signifikante Vorteile gegenüber allen anderen Techniken sowohl bei niedrigen als auch hohen Feldzahlen. Die koplanare Bestrahlung schnitt bei unserer Auswertung am schlechtesten ab. Die 2-Ebenen Technik und KoPlanar+1 Technik können bei hohen Feldzahlen als gleichwertig betrachtet werden, bei niedrigen Feldzahlen zeigt die KoPlanar+1 Technik Vorteile. Aus unserer Sicht sollten die unentschiedenen Vergleiche in weiteren Studien untersucht werden, die das Patientengut weiter einengen. Weiterhin wäre eine Erweiterung der Untersuchungen auf die schneller applizierbaren nonkoplanaren Volumetric Arc –Techniken (VMAT) wünschenswert. N2 - Radiation therapy is an important option in the oncological treatment of brain tumors. The main focus is on achieving a specified target dose in the tumor area and on adequate protection of sensitive structures. We compared 4 irradiation techniques with each other, which were varied in their segmentation and in the number of fields: KoPlanar (complete irradiation in one level), KoPlanar + 1 (irradiation in one level with an additional field in another level), 2-levels (irradiation on 2 different planes distributed), quasi-isotropic (irradiation with central rays in several different planes). The number of fields were varied (9F/10F or 15F/16F). The number of segments was set to either 64 or 120 segments; alternatively, the field fluence was optimized without any restriction. The quasi-isotropic technique showed clear and significant advantages over all other techniques with both low and high field numbers. The KoPlanar technique was inferior to the other techniques in our evaluation. The 2-level technique and the KoPlanar + 1 technique can be regarded as equivalent in the case of high numbers of fields; the KoPlanar + 1 technique is beneficial for low numbers of fields. From our point of view, the non-conclusive comparisons should be examined in further studies with a more consistent patient population. Furthermore, future investigations should include the non-coplanar volumetric arc techniques (VMAT) which can be applied more quickly. KW - Bestrahlung KW - Gliome KW - IMRT KW - nonkoplanar KW - DMPO Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217733 ER - TY - THES A1 - Arnold, Christian T1 - Vergleich konventioneller und 3D-konformaler Bestrahlungstechniken in der Strahlentherapie von Wirbelsäulenmetastasen T1 - Irradiation of spinal metastases: Comparison between conventional techniques and 3D-conformal radiation therapy N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden mehrere konventionelle und 3D-konformale Radiotherapie ("3D-CRT")-Techniken in der Bestrahlung von Wirbelsäulenmetastasen miteinander verglichen. Dafür wurde, basierend auf reellen Planungs-CT-Datensätzen, die Bestrahlung von 41 Wirbelsäulen-Zielvolumina mit verschiedenen Techniken simuliert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass im Vergleich zu konventionellen Techniken bereits sehr einfache 3D-CRT-Techniken eine homogenere Abdeckung von Wirbelsäulen-Zielvolumina bei gleichzeitig zuverlässiger Limitierung der Rückenmarksdosis ermöglichen. Angesichts steigender Lebenserwartungen und dem zunehmenden Bedarf an Re-Bestrahlungen kann dies einen entscheidenden Vorteil darstellen. N2 - In this study, conventional radiation techniques of spine metastases were compared to three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy ("3D-CRT") plans. Computed tomography simulation data of 41 spine target volumes were used for this comparison. In conclusion, even simple 3D-CRT-techniques demonstrated significant dosimetric advantages over conventional techniques by achieving more homogeneous target dose while reducing undesirable spinal cord irradiation. In view of increased life expectancy and rising demand of re-irradiation, this could be an essential benefit. KW - Wirbelsäulenbestrahlung KW - Bestrahlungstechniken KW - irradiation of the spine KW - Planungsstudie Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-179998 ER - TY - THES A1 - Webler, Harriet May T1 - Vergleich dreier Ultra-Short Screening-Instrumente hinsichtlich deren Erfassungsgabe depressiver Störungen im palliativen Kontext am Beispiel des BUKA-Projektes T1 - Comparison of three Ultra-Short Screening methods with regard to their efficiency in measuring depressive disorders in the context of palliative care using the example of the BUKA project N2 - In dieser Dissertation wurden Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Fähigkeit zur Erfassung depressiver Symp¬to¬matik der drei Screeninginstrumente PHQ-2, ESAS-Dpr und DT im palliativ-onkologischen Kontext für den deutschsprachigen Raum untersucht. Ziel war es eine Empfehlung abzugeben, ob für das Screening nach depressiver Symptomatik, die Empfehlungen der kanadischen Guideline von Cancer Care Ontario oder die Empfehlungen der S3-Leitlinie Palliativmedizin anzuwenden sind. Weiterhin sollte die Frage geklärt werden, ob im deutschsprachigen Raum die Instrumente ESAS-Dpr und DT als äquivalente Instrumente verwendet werden können. Die Ergebnisse der Hauptfragestellung dieser Dissertation demonstrieren die schwache Übereinstimmung von ESAS-Dpr mit den anderen Ultra-Kurz-Screening-Instrumenten PHQ-2 und DT. Dabei wurde zum ersten Mal ein Vergleich zwischen ESAS-Dpr und PHQ-2 durchgeführt und eine limitierte Screening-Fähigkeit von ESAS-Dpr bei palliativ erkrankten Patienten gemessen. Des Weiteren konnte in dieser Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass im vorliegenden Patientenkollektiv das DT und ESAS-Dpr keine ausreichende Übereinstimmung besitzen um im deutschen Raum synonym verwendet werden zu können. Die zugrundeliegende deutsche Übersetzung der englischen Begrifflichkeiten 'distress' als Belastung und 'depression' als Depression wurde als ausschlaggebend für dieses Ergebnis vermutet. In der Zusammenschau der Ergebnisse dieser Studie entstand ein Algorithmus für das Erfassen von Depressivität bei palliativ-onkologisch erkrankten Erwachsenen im alltäglichen und praktischen Gebrauch. N2 - This dissertation examines the screening ability of ESAS-Dpr and DT in contrast to PHQ-2, in terms of their ability to measure symptoms of depression in a palliative-oncological context in Germany. The aim of this study was to formulate a recommendation as to whether screening for such symptoms best be done in accordance with the Cancer Care Ontario guideline or the S3-guideline for palliative medicine. In addition the study was designed to determine whether ESAS-Dpr and DT are interchangeable in a German speaking setting. The results of this dissertation demonstrate the weak agreement between ESAS-Dpr and the other Ultra-Short-Screening instruments tested. This study is the first to compare ESAS-Dpr and PHQ-2 and finds a limited screening capability for ESAS-Dpr to suitably screen for depression in palliative patients. The dissertation was able to show that with regard to this patient population insufficient correlation could be found between DT and ESAS-Dpr for them to be interchangable in German speaking settings. The German translation of the English terms distress as ‚Belastung’ and depression as ‚Depression’ is seen as the main reason for this being the case. In the course of this study, an algorithm for identifying depressive symtoms in palliative-oncological adults was developed for the University Würzburg. KW - Depression KW - Palliativmedizin KW - Krebs KW - Ultra-Short Screening KW - Depressivität KW - Palliativonkologie KW - PHQ KW - ESAS KW - Distress Thermometer Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-192784 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Toussaint, André A1 - Richter, Anne A1 - Mantel, Frederick A1 - Flickinger, John C. A1 - Grills, Inga Siiner A1 - Tyagi, Neelam A1 - Sahgal, Arjun A1 - Letourneau, Daniel A1 - Sheehan, Jason P. A1 - Schlesinger, David J. A1 - Gerszten, Peter Carlos A1 - Guckenberger, Matthias T1 - Variability in spine radiosurgery treatment planning – results of an international multi-institutional study JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - Background The aim of this study was to quantify the variability in spinal radiosurgery (SRS) planning practices between five international institutions, all member of the Elekta Spine Radiosurgery Research Consortium. Methods Four institutions provided one representative patient case each consisting of the medical history, CT and MR imaging. A step-wise planning approach was used where, after each planning step a consensus was generated that formed the basis for the next planning step. This allowed independent analysis of all planning steps of CT-MR image registration, GTV definition, CTV definition, PTV definition and SRS treatment planning. In addition, each institution generated one additional SRS plan for each case based on intra-institutional image registration and contouring, independent of consensus results. Results Averaged over the four cases, image registration variability ranged between translational 1.1 mm and 2.4 mm and rotational 1.1° and 2.0° in all three directions. GTV delineation variability was 1.5 mm in axial and 1.6 mm in longitudinal direction averaged for the four cases. CTV delineation variability was 0.8 mm in axial and 1.2 mm in longitudinal direction. CTV-to-PTV margins ranged between 0 mm and 2 mm according to institutional protocol. Delineation variability was 1 mm in axial directions for the spinal cord. Average PTV coverage for a single fraction18 Gy prescription was 87 ± 5 %; Dmin to the PTV was 7.5 ± 1.8 Gy averaged over all cases and institutions. Average Dmax to the PRV_SC (spinal cord + 1 mm) was 10.5 ± 1.6 Gy and the average Paddick conformity index was 0.69 ± 0.06. Conclusions Results of this study reflect the variability in current practice of spine radiosurgery in large and highly experienced academic centers. Despite close methodical agreement in the daily workflow, clinically significant variability in all steps of the treatment planning process was demonstrated. This may translate into differences in patient clinical outcome and highlights the need for consensus and established delineation and planning criteria. KW - planning variability KW - spine radiosurgery KW - vertebral metastases KW - delineation Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146687 VL - 11 IS - 57 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wenemoser, Alexander T1 - Untersuchungen zur Zellproliferation von Maus-Lungen-Fibroblasten am FACS-Flow-Zytometer unter dem Einfluss von Kulturüberständen bestrahlter Fibroblasten T1 - FACS-flow-studies on cell-proliferations of mouse-lung-fibroblasts under the influence of culture-supernatants of irradiated fibroblasts N2 - Experimentelle FACS-Flow-Analysen im Kontext einer radiogenen Lungenfibrose zur Veränderung der Zellproliferation von Maus-Lungen-Fibroblasten unter dem Einfluss von Kulturüberständen bestrahlter Fibroblasten. Additiv einzelne Versuche mit Antikörperzugabe gegen TGF-beta zur Evaluation eines hemmenden Effektes auf eine postulierte Arretierung der Fibroblasten in der G1-Phase der Zellteilung durch die Zytokine der Kulturüberstände bestrahlter Maus-Lungen-Fibroblasten. N2 - FACS-Flow-Analyses on changes of cell-proliferations of mouse-lung-fibroblasts under the influence of culture-supernatants of irradiated fibroblasts in the context of a radiogenic lung fibrosis. Additionally some studies on a postulated inhibitory effect of an tgf-beta-antibody on the g1-phase cell-cycle-arrest of mitosis through cytokines in the supernatants of the irradiated fibroblasts. KW - Fibroblast KW - Lungenfibrose KW - FACS KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta KW - Bestrahlung KW - Fibrozyt KW - Maus-Lungen-Fibroblasten KW - FACS-Flow-Analysen KW - radiogene Lungenfibrose KW - lung fibroblasts KW - radiogenic lung fibrosis KW - fibrocyt KW - irradiated fibroblasts KW - TGF-beta antibody Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69929 ER - TY - THES A1 - Liebendörfer, Volker T1 - Untersuchung der Biomarker Osteopontin, CD44 und Isovariante 6 beim Rektumkarzinom T1 - Examination of biomarkers osteopontin, CD44 and isoform 6 in rectal cancer N2 - Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Biomarkern Osteopontin und CD44 Standard, sowie CD44 Isovariante 6 beim Rektumkarzinom. Wir konzentrierten uns auf die prognostische Bedeutung von Osteopontin und CD44 Standard, sowie CD44 Isovariante 6. In einigen Vorgängerarbeiten zeigten sich Zusammenhänge vor allem bei der Tumorinduktion, Metastasierung und Überleben. In unserer Arbeit konnten wir bestätigen, dass sich hohe Serumkonzentrationen von OPN bei Patienten mit Rektumkarzinom hochsignifikant negativ auf das Gesamtüberleben auswirken. Niedrigere Serumkonzentrationen sind daher mit einer günstigeren Prognose assoziiert. Dies zeigte sich auch in der durchgeführten multivariaten Analyse. Wir kommen daher zu dem Schluss, dass sich OPN als prognostischer Marker eignet. In der Literatur zeigte sich CD44v6 mit verstärkter Metastasierung assoziiert. Dies konnten wir nicht bestätigen. Wir sahen CD44std und auch CD44v6 weder mit Gesamtüberleben, noch mit Tumorstadium und Metastasierung assoziiert. Auch wenn wir CD44 mit OPN gemeinsam auf das Gesamtüberleben untersuchten, fanden wir keinen signifikanten Einfluss. Als mögliche Schlussfolgerung dieser Arbeit könnte man die aktuelle Therapie des Rektumkarzinoms bei hohen OPN Werten reevaluieren. Bei hohen Osteopontin Werten wären dann ggfs. aggressivere Therapieprotokolle vorstellbar. N2 - This thesis deals with the biomarkers osteopontin and CD44 standard, as well as CD44 isovariant 6 in rectal carcinoma. We focused on the prognostic importance of osteopontin and CD44 standard, as well as CD44 isovariant 6. In some previous studies, correlations were found, especially with tumor induction, metastasis and survival. In this thesis, we were able to confirm that high serum concentrations of osteopontin have a highly significant negative effect on overall survival in patients with rectal cancer. Lower serum concentrations are therefore associated with a better prognosis. This was also reflected in the multivariate analysis that was carried out. We therefore conclude that osteopontin is useful as a prognostic marker. In the literature, CD44v6 is shown to be associated with increased metastasis. We could not confirm this. We saw CD44std and CD44v6 associated neither with overall survival nor with tumor stage and metastasis. Even when we tested CD44 with OPN together on overall survival, we found no significant impact. As a possible conclusion of this thesis, therapy for rectal carcinoma could be re-evaluated with high OPN values. In the case of high OPN values, more aggressive therapy protocols might be conceivable. KW - Osteopontin KW - Mastdarmkrebs KW - Antigen CD44 KW - Rektumkarzinom KW - OPN KW - CD44 KW - CD44v6 Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254229 ER - TY - THES A1 - Graf von Soden-Fraunhofen, Raban T1 - Untersuchung der Begrenzung künstlicher Ernährung am Lebensende auf der Palliativstation der Universitätsklinik Würzburg T1 - Termination of artificial nutrition and hydration in a specialized palliative care unit N2 - Untersuchung der Begrenzung künstlicher Ernährung am Lebensende auf der Palliativstation der Universitätsklinik Würzburg Hintergrund: Leitlinien empfehlen die Beendigung lebensverlängernder Interventionen am Lebensende. Wir untersuchten die Relevanz von künstlicher Ernährung und Flüssigkeitszufuhr am Lebensende in einer spezialisierten Palliativstation (SPS) und die alltägliche Praxis einschränkender Entscheidungen. Methoden: Retrospektive Analysen der Akten der verstorbenen Patienten in den Jahren 2012-2014. Ergebnisse: 397/887 Patienten starben auf der Palliativstation (44,7%). 65/397 Patienten erhielten in den letzten 11 Tagen ihres Lebens (16,3%) entweder künstliche Ernährung (KE) oder therapeutische Flüssigkeitszufuhr (>1000 ml Flüssigkeit, FS). Bei 53/65 Patienten wurde die KE/FS mehr als 48 Stunden vor dem Tod (81,5%) und bei 8/65 Patienten kürzer als 48 Stunden vor dem Tod (12,3%) beendet. 2/65 Patienten erhielten KE und FS bis zum Tod (3,0%). Die Entscheidungsfindung bezüglich der Begrenzung von KE bzw. FS wurde in 44/65 Patientenakten (67,6%) dokumentiert. Die Entscheidungen wurden 2-4 Tage vor dem Tod bei 25/44 Patienten (56,8%), kürzer als 2 Tage vor dem Tod bei 4/44 Patienten (9,0%) und länger als 4 Tage vor dem Tod bei 15/44 Patienten (34,0%) getroffe. Als Gründe wurden angegeben: Beginn der Sterbephase (33/44, 75,0 %), Patientenwunsch (6/44, 13,6%), Nebenwirkungen (3/44, 6,8%) und andere (2/44, 4,5%) ). Bei 43/63 Patienten wurden KE und FS auf einmal beendet (68,2%) und bei 20/63 Patienten wurde es langsam über einen Zeitraum von etwa 48 Stunden beendet (31,7%). 60/65 Patienten erhielten in den letzten 11 Lebenstagen auch potenziell lebensverlängernde Medikamente (60/65, 92,3%). Bei 37/60 Patienten wurde die potenziell lebensverlängernde Medikation (LM) gleichzeitig mit der KE (61,6%) beendet, bei 21/60 Patienten wurde die LM innerhalb von 48 Stunden nach Beendigung der KE (35,0%) beendet und 2 / 65 Patienten erhielten LM bis zum Tod (3,0%), einer von ihnen zusammen mit KE. Die beiden Patienten, die KE und FS bis zum Tod erhielten, blieben kürzer als 48 Stunden auf der Palliativstation. Schlussfolgerung: Die Beendigung von KE und FS war ein relevantes Thema. Ebenso die Beendigung einer potentiell lebensverlängernden Medikation bei diesen Patienten. Auch in einem SPS-Setting ist die Sterbephase nicht leicht zu erkennen und die Entscheidungsfindung scheint Zeit zu brauchen. Ein rigoristischer Ansatz scheint nicht hilfreich zu sein. N2 - Termination of artificial nutrition and hydration in a specialized palliative care unit Background: Guidelines recommend the termination of life prolonging interventions at the end of life. We investigated the relevance of artificial nutrition and hydration at the end of life in a specialized palliative unit (SPC) and the everyday practice of limiting decisions. Methods: Retrospective analyses of the charts of the deceased patients in 2012- 2014. Results: 397/887 patients died on the palliative care ward (44,7%). 65/397 patients received either artificial nutrition (AN) or therapeutic hydration (>1.00 ml fluid, TH) in the last 10 days of their lives (16.3%). In 53/65 patients the AN/TH was terminated more than 48 hours before death (81.5%) and in 8/65 patients shorter than 48 hours before death (12.3%). 2/65 patients received AN and TH until death (3.0%). Decision making regarding the limiting of AN ore/and TH was documented in 44/65 patient charts (67.6%). The decisions have been made 2-4 days before death in 25/44 patients (56.8%), shorter than 2 days before death in 4/44 patients (9.0%) and longer than 4 days before death in 15/44 patients (34.0%). The following reasons were given: begin of the dying phase (33/44, 75.0%), patients wish (6/44, 13.6%), side effects (3/44, 6.8%) and (2/44, 4.5%). In 43/63 patients the AN and TH were terminated all at once (68.2%) and in 20/63 patients it was terminated slowly over a period of about 48 hours (31.7%). 60/65 patients received also potential life prolonging medication in the last 10 days of life (60/65, 92.3%). In 37/60 patients the potential life-prolonging medication (LPM) was finished at the same time as AN (61.6%), in 21/60 patients the LPM was finished within 48 hours after the termination of AN (35.0%) and 2/65 patients received LPM until death (3.0%), one of them together with AN. The two patients receiving AN and TH until death stayed shorter than 48 hours on the palliative care ward. Conclusion: Termination of AN and TH was a relevant issue as well as termination of potential life-prolonging medication in these patients. Also in a SPC-setting the dying phase is not easy to identify and decision making seems to need time. A rigoristic approach seems not to be helpful. KW - Begrenzung KW - Künstliche Ernährung KW - Begrenzung am Lebensende Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-238755 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dietzsch, Stefan A1 - Braesigk, Annett A1 - Seidel, Clemens A1 - Remmele, Julia A1 - Kitzing, Ralf A1 - Schlender, Tina A1 - Mynarek, Martin A1 - Geismar, Dirk A1 - Jablonska, Karolina A1 - Schwarz, Rudolf A1 - Pazos, Montserrat A1 - Weber, Damien C. A1 - Frick, Silke A1 - Gurtner, Kristin A1 - Matuschek, Christiane A1 - Harrabi, Semi Ben A1 - Glück, Albrecht A1 - Lewitzki, Victor A1 - Dieckmann, Karin A1 - Benesch, Martin A1 - Gerber, Nicolas U. A1 - Obrecht, Denise A1 - Rutkowski, Stefan A1 - Timmermann, Beate A1 - Kortmann, Rolf-Dieter T1 - Types of deviation and review criteria in pretreatment central quality control of tumor bed boost in medulloblastoma—an analysis of the German Radiotherapy Quality Control Panel in the SIOP PNET5 MB trial JF - Strahlentherapie und Onkologie N2 - Purpose In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, pretreatment radiotherapy quality control (RT-QC) for tumor bed boost (TB) in non-metastatic medulloblastoma (MB) was not mandatory but was recommended for patients enrolled in the SIOP PNET5 MB trial between 2014 and 2018. This individual case review (ICR) analysis aimed to evaluate types of deviations in the initial plan proposals and develop uniform review criteria for TB boost. Patients and methods A total of 78 patients were registered in this trial, of whom a subgroup of 65 patients were available for evaluation of the TB treatment plans. Dose uniformity was evaluated according to the definitions of the protocol. Additional RT-QC criteria for standardized review of target contours were elaborated and data evaluated accordingly. Results Of 65 initial TB plan proposals, 27 (41.5%) revealed deviations of target volume delineation. Deviations according to the dose uniformity criteria were present in 14 (21.5%) TB plans. In 25 (38.5%) cases a modification of the RT plan was recommended. Rejection of the TB plans was rather related to unacceptable target volume delineation than to insufficient dose uniformity. Conclusion In this analysis of pretreatment RT-QC, protocol deviations were present in a high proportion of initial TB plan proposals. These findings emphasize the importance of pretreatment RT-QC in clinical trials for MB. Based on these data, a proposal for RT-QC criteria for tumor bed boost in non-metastatic MB was developed. KW - brain tumor KW - pediatric KW - focal radiotherapy KW - quality assurance KW - individual case review Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-307812 SN - 0179-7158 SN - 1439-099X VL - 198 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Lutyj, Paul A1 - Kraft, Johannes A1 - Lisowski, Dominik A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Polat, Bülent T1 - Two-Weekly High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Boost After External Beam Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Outcome and Toxicity Analysis JF - Frontiers in Oncology N2 - Purpose Evaluation of clinical outcome of two-weekly high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for localized prostate cancer. Methods 338 patients with localized prostate cancer receiving definitive EBRT followed by a two-weekly high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost (HDR-BT boost) in the period of 2002 to 2019 were analyzed. EBRT, delivered in 46 Gy (DMean) in conventional fractionation, was followed by two fractions HDR-BT boost with 9 Gy (D90%) two and four weeks after EBRT. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was added in 176 (52.1%) patients. Genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity was evaluated utilizing the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0) and biochemical failure was defined according to the Phoenix definition. Results Median follow-up was 101.8 months. 15 (4.4%)/115 (34.0%)/208 (61.5%) patients had low-/intermediate-/high-risk cancer according to the D`Amico risk classification. Estimated 5-year and 10-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) was 84.7% and 75.9% for all patients. The estimated 5-year bRFS was 93.3%, 93.4% and 79.5% for low-, intermediate- and high-risk disease, respectively. The estimated 10-year freedom from distant metastasis (FFM) and overall survival (OS) rates were 86.5% and 70.0%. Cumulative 5-year late GU toxicity and late GI toxicity grade ≥ 2 was observed in 19.3% and 5.0% of the patients, respectively. Cumulative 5-year late grade 3 GU/GI toxicity occurred in 3.6%/0.3%. Conclusions Two-weekly HDR-BT boost after EBRT for localized prostate cancer showed an excellent toxicity profile with low GU/GI toxicity rates and effective long-term biochemical control. KW - prostate cancer KW - high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy KW - radiotherapy KW - long-term outcome KW - toxicity KW - external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) KW - biochemical relapse free survival Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250992 SN - 2234-943X VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Johannes A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Breuer, Kathrin A1 - Lutyj, Paul A1 - Bratengeier, Klaus A1 - Exner, Florian A1 - Richter, Anne A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Lisowski, Dominik A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Treatment plan comparison for irradiation of multiple brain metastases with hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiotherapy and simultaneous integrated boost using the Varian Halcyon and the Elekta Synergy platforms JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - No abstract available. KW - treatment plan KW - multiple brain metastases Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301221 VL - 17 ER - TY - THES A1 - Huber, Franziska Kathrin T1 - Trait-Resilienz und Lebenssinn bei Patienten auf der Palliativstation T1 - Trait resilience and Meaning in Life in palliative care patients N2 - Trait-Resilienz und Lebenssinn von Patienten spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Krankheitsbewältigung. Ziel der Arbeit war es u.a., neue Erkenntnisse über Trait-Resilienz und Lebenssinn bei Patienten auf der Palliativstation sowie einen Zusammenhang zwischen beiden Konstrukten zu gewinnen. 57 Patienten des Interdisziplinären Zentrums Palliativmedizin Würzburg wurden zu Beginn des stationären Aufenthaltes (T1) zu Lebenssinn und Trait-Resilienz befragt. Eine zweite Befragung fand kurz vor der Entlassung statt (T2, n=41). Messinstrumente waren u.a. die Resilienzskala RS-13 sowie der Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE). Die Patienten verfügten über eine mit der Normalbevölkerung vergleichbare Trait-Resilienz. Der Lebenssinn konnte während des stationären Aufenthaltes aufrechterhalten werden. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Trait-Resilienz und Lebenssinn bzw. Zugewinn an Lebenssinn war nicht signifikant. Die Erfassung von Lebenssinn und Trait-Resilienz mittels validierter Fragebögen stellt eine gute Möglichkeit dar, individuelle Bedürfnisse und Ressourcen abzuschätzen. Besonders vulnerable Patienten profitieren möglicherweise von speziellen Interventionen zur Förderung von Lebenssinn und Trait-Resilienz. N2 - Trait resilience and Meaning in Life play an important role in coping with disease. The aim of this study was to obtain new findings about the correlation of trait resilience and Meaning in Life in palliative care patients. 57 patients hospitalized in the palliative care unit in the university medical center in Würzburg participated and after admission (T1) completed the resilience scale RS-13 and the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE). A second interview took place before discharge (T2, n=42). Meaning in Life in palliative care patients could be maintained during hospitalization. The patients scored rather high in trait resilience levels. Interestingly, as opposed to our hypothesis, we did not find a significant correlation between trait resilience and Meaning in Life. Our study showed that the evaluation of trait resilience and Meaning in life in palliative care patients based on validated questionnaires can be helpful to identify resources and needs of terminally ill patients. Especially vulnerable patients may benefit from special training programs which aim at increasing trait resilience and Meaning in Life. KW - Resilienz KW - Lebenssinn KW - Palliativmedizin KW - palliative care Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-163982 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schortmann, Max T1 - Toxizität und klinische Ergebnisse der moderat hypofraktionierten und bildgeführten Teletherapie des lokalisierten Prostatakarzinoms an der Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg – Eine retrospektive Analyse – T1 - Toxicity and clinical outcomes of the moderately hypo-fractionated and image-guided teletherapy of localized prostate cancer at the department of radiotherapy at the university hospital of Würzburg – a retrospective analysis – N2 - Ziel der Arbeit war es, onkologische und toxizitätsbezogene Langzeitdaten der moderat hypofraktionierten, Cone-beam-CT geführten intensitätsmodulierten Radiotherapie mit simultan integriertem Boost als primäre Therapieform beim lokalisierten Prostatakarzinom zu generieren und mithin zur Diskussion um den Stellenwert dieser Therapieform beizutragen. Dazu wurden die Daten von 346 Patienten mit lokalisiertem Prostatakarzinom, welche im Zeitraum von 2005-2015 an der Klinik für Strahlentherapie des Uniklinikums Würzburg bestrahlt wurden, ausgewertet. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass die Bestrahlung mit 2 Gy Äquivalenzdosen von 80,4 beziehungsweise 83 Gy eine Zeit- und kostensparende Alternative zu konventionellen Fraktionierungsregimen bei guten onkologischen Ergebnissen und vertretbarer Toxizität darstellt. Verglichen mit anderen Therapieprotokollen fällt insbesondere die niedrige Rate an später gastrointestinaler Toxizität auf. Diese konnte durch strikte Rektumschonung erreicht werden. Die Applikation einer Antihormontherapie führt bei Hochrisikopatienten zu signifikant besserer biochemischer Kontrolle. Darüber hinaus könnte auch die Bildführung sowie die Applikation eines simultan integrierten Boosts das biochemisch rezidivfreie Überleben positiv beeinflusst haben. Das in Würzburg entwickelte Zielvolumenkonzept mit simultan integriertem Boost scheint sich günstig bezüglich der Rektumtoxizität auszuwirken. N2 - This dissertation aimed at generating oncological and toxicity-related long-term outcomes of the moderately hypo-fractionated, cone-beam-ct guided intensity modulated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost as a primary therapy for localized prostate cancer. This may contribute to the ongoing discussion about the value of this form of treatment. We therefore analysed the data of 346 patients, who were treated from 2005-2015 at the department of radiotherapy at the university hospital of Würzburg. Our study shows, that a treatment at 2 Gy equivalent-doses of 80.4 or 83 Gy respectively, is a time and cost-effective alternative to conventional regimes of fractionation, while having acceptable toxicity rates and good oncological results. In comparison to other protocols, especially the low rate of late gastrointestinal toxicity is remarkable. This has been achieved through strict protection of the rectum. The application of an anti-hormone therapy led to a significant improvement of the biochemical recurrence-free survival rate at high-risk patients. Moreover, the image guidance as well as the application of a simultaneous integrated boost may have improved the biochemical recurrence free survival. The target-volume-concept with simultaneous integrated boost, which has been developed in Würzburg, seems to have a positive impact on rectal toxicity. KW - Prostatakrebs KW - Strahlentherapie Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249483 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holubyev, Konstyantyn A1 - Bratengeier, Klaus A1 - Gainey, Mark A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Towards automated on-line adaptation of 2-Step IMRT plans: QUASIMODO phantom and prostate cancer cases JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - Background The standard clinical protocol of image-guided IMRT for prostate carcinoma introduces isocenter relocation to restore the conformity of the multi-leaf collimator (MLC) segments to the target as seen in the cone-beam CT on the day of treatment. The large interfractional deformations of the clinical target volume (CTV) still require introduction of safety margins which leads to undesirably high rectum toxicity. Here we present further results from the 2-Step IMRT method which generates adaptable prostate IMRT plans using Beam Eye View (BEV) and 3D information. Methods Intermediate/high-risk prostate carcinoma cases are treated using Simultaneous Integrated Boost at the Universitätsklinkum Würzburg (UKW). Based on the planning CT a CTV is defined as the prostate and the base of seminal vesicles. The CTV is expanded by 10 mm resulting in the PTV; the posterior margin is limited to 7 mm. The Boost is obtained by expanding the CTV by 5 mm, overlap with rectum is not allowed. Prescription doses to PTV and Boost are 60.1 and 74 Gy respectively given in 33 fractions. We analyse the geometry of the structures of interest (SOIs): PTV, Boost, and rectum, and generate 2-Step IMRT plans to deliver three fluence steps: conformal to the target SOIs (S0), sparing the rectum (S1), and narrow segments compensating the underdosage in the target SOIs due to the rectum sparing (S2). The width of S2 segments is calculated for every MLC leaf pair based on the target and rectum geometry in the corresponding CT layer to have best target coverage. The resulting segments are then fed into the DMPO optimizer of the Pinnacle treatment planning system for weight optimization and fine-tuning of the form, prior to final dose calculation using the collapsed cone algorithm. We adapt 2-Step IMRT plans to changed geometry whilst simultaneously preserving the number of initially planned Monitor Units (MU). The adaptation adds three further steps to the previous isocenter relocation: 1) 2-Step generation for the geometry of the day using the relocated isocenter, MU transfer from the planning geometry; 2) Adaptation of the widths of S2 segments to the geometry of the day; 3) Imitation of DMPO fine-tuning for the geometry of the day. Results and conclusion We have performed automated 2-Step IMRT adaptation for ten prostate adaptation cases. The adapted plans show statistically significant improvement of the target coverage and of the rectum sparing compared to those plans in which only the isocenter is relocated. The 2-Step IMRT method may become a core of the automated adaptive radiation therapy system at our department. KW - Prostate carcinoma KW - IMRT KW - IGRT KW - Adaptation Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96818 UR - http://www.ro-journal.com/content/8/1/263 ER - TY - THES A1 - Maier, Marco T1 - Therapiezieleinschätzung von palliativ bestrahlten Patienten bei Erstvorstellung in der Radioonkologie T1 - Therapy goal assessment of palliative irradiated patients at initial consultation in radiation oncology N2 - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Häufigkeit und mögliche Prädiktoren für eine überoptimistische Therapiezieleinschätzung von palliativ bestrahlten onkologischen Patienten der Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie des Universitätsklinikum Würzburg untersucht. Dazu wurden die Frage zur Therapiezieleinschätzung, die Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS), das Distress-Thermometer und das Fatigue-Screening aus dem Patientenselbsteinschätzungsbogen, den die Patienten routinemäßig vor dem ärztlichen Erstgespräch erhalten, sowie soziodemographische und krankheitsbezogene Daten aus der elektronischen Patientenakte analysiert (Untersuchungszeitraum 05/2018–05/2019). Die Einschätzung des Therapieziels galt als überoptimistisch, wenn ein Patient fälschlicherweise von dem Behandlungsziel „Heilung“ ausging. Von einer realistischen Therapiezieleinschätzung wurde ausgegangen, wenn ein Patient von der Nichtheilbarkeit seiner Krebserkrankung ausging. Insgesamt wurden Daten von 283 Patienten ausgewertet, davon 133 Frauen (47%) und 150 Männer (53%). Das mittlere Alter lag bei 66,7 Jahren (Spannweite 30–95 Jahre). Die drei häufigsten Tumorentitäten waren Lungen- (26,9%), Brust- (18,0%) und Prostatakrebs (10,2%). 64,7% (183/283) der Patienten dieser Studie schätzten ihr Therapieziel überoptimistisch ein. Es fanden sich statistisch signifikante Zusammenhänge (p<0,05) mit einzelnen IPOS-Items, der bisherigen Dauer der Therapie unter palliativer Intention und dem Karnofsky-Index . Die beiden Variablen „Dauer der Therapie unter palliativer Intention“ und „Karnofsky-Index“ wurden in einer binär logistischen Regression als Prädiktoren für eine überoptimistische Therapiezieleinschätzung identifiziert. Da die Selbsteinschätzung vor der Erstbegegnung mit dem Strahlentherapeuten erfolgte, bleibt offen, inwieweit die Patienten- und Arzteinschätzung nach dem Aufklärungsgespräch häufiger übereinstimmen als in der vorliegenden Studie (35,3% realistische Therapiezieleinschätzung). N2 - In the present study, the frequency and possible predictors for an overoptimistic therapy goal assessment of palliative irradiated oncological patients of the Clinic and Polyclinic for Radiotherapy of the University Hospital Würzburg were investigated. For this purpose, the question on therapy goal assessment, the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS), the distress thermometer, and the fatigue screening from the patient self-assessment questionnaire, which patients routinely receive before the initial medical consultation, as well as sociodemographic and disease-related data from the electronic patient record were analyzed (study period 05/2018-05/2019). The assessment of the therapy goal was considered overoptimistic if a patient incorrectly assumed the treatment goal to be "cure." Realistic treatment goal assessment was considered when a patient assumed that his or her cancer was not curable. A total of 283 patients' data were analyzed, including 133 women (47%) and 150 men (53%). The mean age was 66.7 years (range 30-95 years). The three most common tumor entities were lung (26.9%), breast (18.0%), and prostate (10.2%) cancer. 64.7% (183/283) of patients in this study were overoptimistic about their treatment goal. Statistically significant associations (p<0.05) were found with individual IPOS items, previous duration of therapy under palliative intention, and the Karnofsky index. The two variables "duration of therapy under palliative intention" and "Karnofsky index" were identified in a binary logistic regression as predictors for an overoptimistic therapy goal assessment. Because self-assessment was performed before the initial encounter with the radiotherapist, the extent to which patient and physician assessments matched more often after the consultation than in the present study (35.3% realistic therapy goal assessment) remains open. KW - Palliativmedizin KW - Strahlentherapie KW - Radioonkologie KW - Therapieziel Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321119 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andratschke, N. A1 - Alheid, H. A1 - Allgäuer, M. A1 - Becker, G. A1 - Blanck, O. A1 - Boda-Heggemann, J. A1 - Brunner, T. A1 - Duma, M. A1 - Gerum, S. A1 - Guckenberger, M. A1 - Hildebrandt, G. A1 - Klement, R. J. A1 - Lewitzki, V. A1 - Ostheimer, C. A1 - Papachristofilou, A. A1 - Petersen, C. A1 - Schneider, T. A1 - Semrau, R. A1 - Wachter, S. A1 - Habermehl, D. T1 - The SBRT database initiative of the German Society for Radiation Oncology (DEGRO): patterns of care and outcome analysis of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver oligometastases in 474 patients with 623 metastases JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background The intent of this pooled analysis as part of the German society for radiation oncology (DEGRO) stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) initiative was to analyze the patterns of care of SBRT for liver oligometastases and to derive factors influencing treated metastases control and overall survival in a large patient cohort. Methods From 17 German and Swiss centers, data on all patients treated for liver oligometastases with SBRT since its introduction in 1997 has been collected and entered into a centralized database. In addition to patient and tumor characteristics, data on immobilization, image guidance and motion management as well as dose prescription and fractionation has been gathered. Besides dose response and survival statistics, time trends of the aforementioned variables have been investigated. Results In total, 474 patients with 623 liver oligometastases (median 1 lesion/patient; range 1–4) have been collected from 1997 until 2015. Predominant histologies were colorectal cancer (n = 213 pts.; 300 lesions) and breast cancer (n = 57; 81 lesions). All centers employed an SBRT specific setup. Initially, stereotactic coordinates and CT simulation were used for treatment set-up (55%), but eventually were replaced by CBCT guidance (28%) or more recently robotic tracking (17%). High variance in fraction (fx) number (median 1 fx; range 1–13) and dose per fraction (median: 18.5 Gy; range 3–37.5 Gy) was observed, although median BED remained consistently high after an initial learning curve. Median follow-up time was 15 months; median overall survival after SBRT was 24 months. One- and 2-year treated metastases control rate of treated lesions was 77% and 64%; if maximum isocenter biological equivalent dose (BED) was greater than 150 Gy EQD2Gy, it increased to 83% and 70%, respectively. Besides radiation dose colorectal and breast histology and motion management methods were associated with improved treated metastases control. Conclusion After an initial learning curve with regards to total cumulative doses, consistently high biologically effective doses have been employed translating into high local tumor control at 1 and 2 years. The true impact of histology and motion management method on treated metastases control deserve deeper analysis. Overall survival is mainly influenced by histology and metastatic tumor burden. KW - stereotactic body radiotherapy KW - liver oligometastases KW - outcome KW - treated metastases control KW - oligometastases KW - oligo-recurrence KW - sync-oligometastases Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221116 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyer, Till Jasper A1 - Scherzad, Agmal A1 - Moratin, Helena A1 - Gehrke, Thomas Eckert A1 - Killisperger, Julian A1 - Hagen, Rudolf A1 - Wohlleben, Gisela A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Dembski, Sofia A1 - Kleinsasser, Norbert A1 - Hackenberg, Stephan T1 - The radiosensitizing effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles in sub-cytotoxic dosing is associated with oxidative stress in vitro JF - Materials N2 - Radioresistance is an important cause of head and neck cancer therapy failure. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) mediate tumor-selective toxic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for radiosensitization of ZnO-NP. The dose-dependent cytotoxicity of ZnO-NP\(_{20 nm}\) and ZnO-NP\(_{100 nm}\) was investigated in FaDu and primary fibroblasts (FB) by an MTT assay. The clonogenic survival assay was used to evaluate the effects of ZnO-NP alone and in combination with irradiation on FB and FaDu. A formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG)-modified single-cell microgel electrophoresis (comet) assay was applied to detect oxidative DNA damage in FB as a function of ZnO-NP and irradiation exposure. A significantly increased cytotoxicity after FaDu exposure to ZnO-NP\(_{20 nm}\) or ZnO-NP\(_{100 nm}\) was observed in a concentration of 10 µg/mL or 1 µg/mL respectively in 30 µg/mL of ZnO-NP\(_{20 nm}\) or 20 µg/mL of ZnO-NP\(_{100 nm}\) in FB. The addition of 1, 5, or 10 µg/mL ZnO-NP\(_{20 nm}\) or ZnO-NP\(_{100 nm}\) significantly reduced the clonogenic survival of FaDu after irradiation. The sub-cytotoxic dosage of ZnO-NP\(_{100 nm}\) increased the oxidative DNA damage compared to the irradiated control. This effect was not significant for ZnO-NP\(_{20 nm}\). ZnO-NP showed radiosensitizing properties in the sub-cytotoxic dosage. At least for the ZnO-NP\(_{100 nm}\), an increased level of oxidative stress is a possible mechanism of the radiosensitizing effect. KW - zinc oxide nanoparticles KW - irradiation KW - oxidative DNA damage KW - head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193897 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 12 IS - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klement, Rainer J. A1 - Abbasi-Senger, N. A1 - Adebahr, S. A1 - Alheid, H. A1 - Allgaeuer, M. A1 - Becker, G. A1 - Blanck, O. A1 - Boda-Heggemann, J. A1 - Brunner, T. A1 - Duma, M. A1 - Eble, M. J. A1 - Ernst, I. A1 - Gerum, S. A1 - Habermehl, D. A1 - Hass, P. A1 - Henkenberens, C. A1 - Hildebrandt, G. A1 - Imhoff, D. A1 - Kahl, H. A1 - Klass, N. D. A1 - Krempien, R. A1 - Lewitzki, V. A1 - Lohaus, F. A1 - Ostheimer, C. A1 - Papachristofilou, A. A1 - Petersen, C. A1 - Rieber, J. A1 - Schneider, T. A1 - Schrade, E. A1 - Semrau, R. A1 - Wachter, S. A1 - Wittig, A. A1 - Guckenberger, M. A1 - Andratschke, N. T1 - The impact of local control on overall survival after stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver and lung metastases from colorectal cancer: a combined analysis of 388 patients with 500 metastases JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background The aim of this analysis was to model the effect of local control (LC) on overall survival (OS) in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver or lung metastases from colorectal cancer. Methods The analysis is based on pooled data from two retrospective SBRT databases for pulmonary and hepatic metastases from 27 centers from Germany and Switzerland. Only patients with metastases from colorectal cancer were considered to avoid histology as a confounding factor. An illness-death model was employed to model the relationship between LC and OS. Results Three hundred eighty-eight patients with 500 metastatic lesions (lung n = 209, liver n = 291) were included and analyzed. Median follow-up time for local recurrence assessment was 12.1 months. Ninety-nine patients with 112 lesions experienced local failure. Seventy-one of these patients died after local failure. Median survival time was 27.9 months in all patients and 25.4 months versus 30.6 months in patients with and without local failure after SBRT. The baseline risk of death after local failure exceeds the baseline risk of death without local failure at 10 months indicating better survival with LC. Conclusion In CRC patients with lung or liver metastases, our findings suggest improved long-term OS by achieving metastatic disease control using SBRT in patients with a projected OS estimate of > 12 months. KW - colorectal cancer KW - illness-death model KW - liver metastases KW - lung metastases KW - tumor control probability KW - stereotactic body radiation therapy Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325877 VL - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wack, Linda J. A1 - Exner, Florian A1 - Wegener, Sonja A1 - Sauer, Otto A. T1 - The impact of isocentric shifts on delivery accuracy during the irradiation of small cerebral targets — Quantification and possible corrections JF - Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics N2 - Purpose To assess the impact of isocenter shifts due to linac gantry and table rotation during cranial stereotactic radiosurgery on D\(_{98}\), target volume coverage (TVC), conformity (CI), and gradient index (GI). Methods Winston‐Lutz (WL) checks were performed on two Elekta Synergy linacs. A stereotactic quality assurance (QA) plan was applied to the ArcCHECK phantom to assess the impact of isocenter shift corrections on Gamma pass rates. These corrections included gantry sag, distance of collimator and couch axes to the gantry axis, and distance between cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) isocenter and treatment beam (MV) isocenter. We applied the shifts via script to the treatment plan in Pinnacle 16.2. In a planning study, isocenter and mechanical rotation axis shifts of 0.25 to 2 mm were applied to stereotactic plans of spherical planning target volumes (PTVs) of various volumes. The shifts determined via WL measurements were applied to 16 patient plans with PTV sizes between 0.22 and 10.4 cm3. Results ArcCHECK measurements of a stereotactic treatment showed significant increases in Gamma pass rate for all three measurements (up to 3.8 percentage points) after correction of measured isocenter deviations. For spherical targets of 1 cm3, CI was most severely affected by increasing the distance of the CBCT isocenter (1.22 to 1.62). Gradient index increased with an isocenter‐collimator axis distance of 1.5 mm (3.84 vs 4.62). D98 (normalized to reference) dropped to 0.85 (CBCT), 0.92 (table axis), 0.95 (collimator axis), and 0.98 (gantry sag), with similar but smaller changes for larger targets. Applying measured shifts to patient plans lead to relevant drops in D\(_{98}\) and TVC (7%) for targets below 2 cm\(^3\) treated on linac 1. Conclusion Mechanical deviations during gantry, collimator, and table rotation may adversely affect the treatment of small stereotactic lesions. Adjustments of beam isocenters in the treatment planning system (TPS) can be used to both quantify their impact and for prospective correction of treatment plans. KW - isocenter KW - quality assurance KW - stereotactic radiotherapy KW - Winston‐Lutz test Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218146 VL - 21 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wegener, Sonja A1 - Sauer, Otto A. T1 - The effective point of measurement for depth-dose measurements in small MV photon beams with different detectors JF - Medical Physics N2 - Purpose: The effective point of measurement (EPOM) of cylindrical ionization chambers differs from their geometric center. The exact shift depends on chamber construction details, above all the chamber size, and to some degree on the field-size and beam quality. It generally decreases as the chamber dimensions get smaller. In this work, effective points of measurement in small photon fields of a range of cylindrical chambers of different sizes are investigated, including small chambers that have not been studied previously. Methods: In this investigation, effective points of measurement for different ionization chambers (Farmer type, scanning chambers, micro-ionization chambers) and solid state detectors were determined by measuring depth-ionization curves in a 6 MV beam in field sizes between 2 9 2 cm2 and 10 9 10 cm2 and comparing those curves with curves measured with plane-parallel chambers. Results: It was possible to average the results to one shift per detector, as the results were sufficiently independent of the studied field sizes. For cylindrical ion chambers, shifts of the EPOM were determined to be between 0.49 and 0.30 times the inner chamber radius from the reference point. Conclusions: We experimentally confirmed the previously reported decrease of the EPOM shift with decreasing detector size. Highly accurate data for a large range of detectors, including new very small ones, were determined. Thus, small chambers noticeably differ from the 0.5-times to 0.6-times the inner chamber radius recommendations in current dosimetry protocols. The detector-individual EPOMs need to be considered for measurements of depth-dose curves. KW - depth dose curves KW - effective point of measurement KW - ionization chambers KW - micro-chambers Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206148 VL - 46 IS - 11 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kreß, Theresa T1 - Symptommanagement bei konservativ behandelten Tumorpatienten T1 - Symptom management of conservatively treated cancer patients N2 - Schmerz ist ein häufiges Problem bei Tumorpatienten und nach wie vor nicht ausreichend erkannt oder behandelt. Hierfür werden zunehmend standardisierte Fragebögen basierend auf patient-reported outcomes eingesetzt. QUIPS ist als solcher Fragebogen im perioperativen Bereich etabliert. Analog dazu wurde QUIKS als Fragebogen für das konservative Schmerzmanagement entwickelt. In dieser Studie konnte erstmals die Einsetzbarkeit des QUIKS-Bogens an Tumorpatienten getestet werden. Die Patienten wurden einmalig während ihres stationären Aufenthaltes befragt, ergänzt um den IPOS Fragebogen um ein umfassendes Bild auch des palliativmedizinischen Unterstützungsbedarfs zu erhalten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Schmerz bei konservativ behandelten Tumorpatienten insgesamt gut kontrolliert ist. Die bestehenden Strukturen sind geeignet, um Schmerzen zu erfassen und zu lindern. Dennoch sollte die Information über Schmerz und Schmerztherapie noch verbessert werden. Aufgrund der umfassenden Erfassung verschiedener Aspekte wie Schmerzintensität, -entwicklung sowie schmerzbedingter Einschränkungen und der Zufriedenheit mit der Schmerztherapie scheint QUIKS ein geeignetes Instrument zur Erfassung der Schmerzsituation bei Tumorpatienten zu sein. Die aufgedeckten Schwächen des Bogens könnten nur durch deutlich höheren Zeit- und Personalaufwand behoben werden. In Kombination mit den Ergebnissen des IPOS Fragebogens konnte die Verlässlichkeit des QUIKS Bogens indirekt bestätigt werden. N2 - Pain in a common problem in cancer patients and still not necessarily identified or treated. In this regard, standardized questionnaires based upon patient-reported outcomes are increasingly used. QUIPS as such a questionnaire is commonly used in perioperative settings. According to this QUIKS as tool for conservative pain management has been developed. During this study QUIKS could be used for the first time to test the usability in cancer patients. Patients were questioned once during their stay in hospital. They also answered the IPOS questionnaire to broadly identify the palliative care needs. The results show that pain in conservatively treated cancer patients is generally well controlled. The existing structures are suitable to register and lessen pain. Still, the information about pain and pain therapy should be improved. Due to the broad registration of many aspects of pain such as pain intensity, development, pain related disabilities and satisfaction with the pain therapy QUIKS seems to be a usable tool to capture the pain situation in cancer patients. The discovered limitations of the questionnaire could only be solved by investing much more time and staff. In combination with the results of the IPOS questionnaire the reliability of the QUIKS questionnaire could be confirmed. KW - Palliativtherapie KW - Schmerz KW - konservative Tumortherapie KW - Schmerzerfassung KW - Symptommanagement Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232879 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Radeloff, Katrin A1 - Ramos Tirado, Mario A1 - Haddad, Daniel A1 - Breuer, Kathrin A1 - Müller, Jana A1 - Hochmuth, Sabine A1 - Hackenberg, Stephan A1 - Scherzad, Agmal A1 - Kleinsasser, Norbert A1 - Radeloff, Andreas T1 - Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOPs) show genotoxic effects but no functional impact on human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) JF - Materials N2 - Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) represent a capable source for cell-based therapeutic approaches. For monitoring a cell-based application in vivo, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cells labeled with iron oxide particles is a common method. It is the aim of the present study to analyze potential DNA damage, cytotoxicity and impairment of functional properties of human (h)ASCs after labeling with citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOPs). Cytotoxic as well as genotoxic effects of the labeling procedure were measured in labeled and unlabeled hASCs using the MTT assay, comet assay and chromosomal aberration test. Trilineage differentiation was performed to evaluate an impairment of the differentiation potential due to the particles. Proliferation as well as migration capability were analyzed after the labeling procedure. Furthermore, the labeling of the hASCs was confirmed by Prussian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution MRI. Below the concentration of 0.6 mM, which was used for the procedure, no evidence of genotoxic effects was found. At 0.6 mM, 1 mM as well as 1.5 mM, an increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations was determined. Cytotoxic effects were not observed at any concentration. Proliferation, migration capability and differentiation potential were also not affected by the procedure. Labeling with VSOPs is a useful labeling method for hASCs that does not affect their proliferation, migration and differentiation potential. Despite the absence of cytotoxicity, however, indications of genotoxic effects have been demonstrated. KW - ASCs KW - adipose tissue-derived stromal cells KW - VSOP KW - iron oxide nanoparticles KW - toxicity KW - MRI KW - cell labeling Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222970 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 14 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rabe, A. A1 - van Oorschot, B. A1 - Jentschke, E. T1 - Suizidalität bei Krebspatienten JF - Der Onkologe N2 - Hintergrund Die Diagnose Krebs und ihre Behandlung kann eine große Belastung für die Betroffenen darstellen. Neben körperlichen Beschwerden kann auch die Psyche in Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. Fehlt es an entsprechenden Bewältigungsstrategien, kann der selbstbestimmte Tod als einziger Ausweg erscheinen. Ziel und Fragestellung Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit zur Suizidalität bei Krebspatienten befasst sich mit einem Thema, das in der Forschung und Praxis in Deutschland nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit findet. Material und Methoden Eine themenbezogene Literaturrecherche stellt die Basis der Arbeit dar. Ergebnisse Todeswünsche unter Krebspatienten sind nicht selten und können Suizidgedanken/-absichten beinhalten. Psychische Beschwerden, insbesondere Hoffnungslosigkeit und Depression, sind ernstzunehmende Risikofaktoren. Das Erkennen einer hohen psychischen Belastung/von Todeswünschen ist ein wichtiger Aspekt für die Suizidprävention. Für die Praxis empfiehlt sich zunächst die Verwendung von Fragebögen. Bei auffälligen Werten muss die Suizidalität proaktiv in einem persönlichen Gespräch exploriert werden. Betroffene sind meist ambivalent bezüglich ihrer Entscheidung für oder gegen das Leben. Dies stellt eine große Chance für Interventionen dar. Schlussfolgerungen Suizidalität kann verhindert werden, wenn die hohe Belastung erkannt wird. Bereits das Gespräch zwischen Arzt und Patient über Todeswünsche kann eine erste Entlastung darstellen. N2 - Background The diagnosis of cancer and its treatment can be a great strain for the affected patients. In addition to physical complaints, the psyche can also be gravely compromised. In the absence of appropriate coping strategies, self-determined death may appear to be the only way out. Objective The current review article on suicidality in cancer patients addresses a topic that receives little attention in research and practice in Germany. Materials and methods A topic-related literature search is the basis of the work. Results Death wishes among cancer patients are not rare and may include suicidal thoughts/intentions. Psychological complaints, especially hopelessness and depression, are serious risk factors. Recognition of a high level of psychological distress/death wish is an important aspect of suicide prevention. In practice, the use of questionnaires is initially recommended. In the case of conspicuous values, suicidal tendencies must be proactively explored in a personal interview. Those affected are usually ambivalent about their decision for or against life. This represents a great opportunity for interventions. Conclusion Suicidality can be prevented if the high burden is recognized. Even the conversation between doctor and patient about death wishes can provide initial relief. KW - coping skills KW - behavior and behaviormechanisms KW - attitude to death KW - emotional regulation KW - psychological distress KW - Bewältigungsfähigkeiten KW - Verhalten und Verhaltensmechanismen KW - Einstellung zum Tod KW - Emotionsregulierung KW - psychischer Stress Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232401 SN - Suizidalität bei Krebspatienten VL - 26 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schulte, Stephanie T1 - Strahlensensibilität von Fibroblasten und Lymphozyten bei Brustkrebspatientinnen: Vergleich des alkalischen Comet Assay mit der klinisch beobachteten Hautreaktion nach Bestrahlung T1 - In vitro radiosensitivity measured in lymphocytes and fibroblasts by the comet assay: comparison with clinical acute reactions to radiotherapy in breast cancer patients. N2 - Wichtiges Forschungsthema der letzten Jahre war die Entwicklung eines prädiktiven Testsystems zur Bestimmung der individuellen Strahlenempfindlichkeit von Tumorpatienten im Vorfeld einer Strahlentherapie. Ziel ist eine individuelle Dosisanpassung mit möglichst effizienter Tumorzerstörung bei maximaler Schonung des Normalgewebes. Standardmethode zur Messung der zellulären Strahlenempfindlichkeit ist der Koloniebildungstest, der sich jedoch für eine prädiktive Testung nicht eignet, da es mehrere Wochen, wenn nicht Monate dauert, bis die Resultate vorliegen. In dieser Arbeit sollte untersucht werden, ob der Comet Assay als prädiktiver Test zur Erfassung der Strahlenempfindlichkeit normaler Gewebe geeignet ist. Dazu wurden bestrahlte Hautfibroblasten und periphere Blutlymphozyten von 30 Brustkrebspatientinnen im Comet Assay analysiert und die Resultate mit den akuten radiogenen Hautreaktionen der Patientinnen verglichen. Vor allem die Versuche mit Lymphozyten ergaben eine gute Korrelation zwischen initialem DNS-Schaden bzw. Schaden nach 40minütiger Reparatur und den klinisch beobachteten frühen Normalgewebsnebenwirkungen. Anhand der in vitro-Ergebnisse konnte klar zwischen durchschnittlich und überdurchschnittlich strahlenempfindlichen Patientinnen unterschieden werden. Bei den Fibroblasten waren die Patientinnen mit durchschnittlichen Reaktionen und die mit stärkeren radiogenen Nebenwirkungen nur im Initialschaden deutlich voneinander verschieden. Der Comet Assay scheint demzufolge ein günstiger Test zu sein, um eine erhöhte Strahlenempfindlichkeit zu erfassen, vor allem wenn Lymphozyten aus dem peripheren Blut analysiert werden. Er kann schnell und mit wenigen Zellen durchgeführt werden und ist bei standardisierten Versuchsbedingungen gut reproduzierbar. Mit dem Comet Assay ist es möglich, in kurzer Zeit mehrere Malignompatienten auf ihre Radiosensitivität hin zu untersuchen, wobei diese nur eine Blutprobe zur Lymphozytenisolation abgeben müssen. Im Hinblick auf die Anwendung als prädiktiver Test im klinischen Alltag ist die Kombination mit anderen Methoden wie z. B. dem Mikronukleus-Test und der FISH-Technik empfehlenswert, was die Zuverlässigkeit und Aussagekraft der Resultate noch steigern würde. N2 - Considerable interpatient and intertumour heterogeneity in response to ionising radiation is a consistent clinical experience in radiotherapy. One major focus of research in radiobiology is the development of assays to predict individual radiosensitivity of normal and tumour tissues before treatment commences. This could eventually lead to individualization of fractionation schedules. The colony-forming assay has been the gold standard for quantifying cytotoxic damage in normal and tumour cells. But it takes weeks to months to obtain results. The comet assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive technique to quantify DNA/chromatid-damage in mammalian cells. Purpose of this study was to evaluate its potential as a predictive test for individual radiosensitivity. After irradiation, skin fibroblast and peripheral blood lymphocytes of 30 breast cancer patients were analyzed with the comet assay and the results correlated to the patients´ acute skin reactions. Results of the comet assay in lymphocytes showed a significant correlation with the clinical data when patients were divided into two groups with average and elevated acute reactions. Apart from initial damage, fibroblasts did not show significant differences between the two patient groups. Repeated comet assays in lymphocytes of the same patient drawn before treatment and before and after external radiotherapy demonstrated good reproducibility of the test and no significant impact of preceding radiation treatment. In this cohort of patients, a significant correlation between the in vitro results of the comet assay in lymphocytes and clinical acute reactions was detected. These findings encourage the use of the comet assay as a predictive test for clinical radiosensitivity, especially in relation to other methods like the micronucleus-test or the FISH-technique. KW - Comet Assay KW - Strahlensensibilität KW - Brustkrebs KW - comet assay KW - radiosensitivity KW - breast cancer Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-6415 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mahrhofer, Hartmut T1 - Strahleninduzierte DNA-Schäden und deren Reparatur in humanen Tumor- und Fibroblastenzelllinien detektiert mittels Histon gamma-H2AX T1 - Radiation induced DNA-damage and damage repair in human tumor- and fibroblast cell lines assessed by phosphorylated histone gamma-H2AX N2 - Trotz erheblicher Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Strahlentherapie ist es bis heute noch nicht möglich, die Strahlenempfindlichkeit eines Individuums bereits vor Therapiebeginn vorherzusagen. Diese Tatsache führt dazu, dass es einerseits bei einem Teil der Patienten zu starken Nebenwirkungen infolge einer Bestrahlung kommt und andererseits die Therapie oftmals nicht in ausreichendem Maße anspricht. Die Entwicklung eines verlässlichen prädiktiven Tests stellt daher ein wichtiges Ziel der strahlentherapeutischen Forschung dar und stand auch im Zentrum dieser Arbeit. Methodisch kam dabei der Koloniebildungstest sowie die fluoreszenzmikroskopische Detektion und Bildanalyse des Histons gamma-H2AX, einem relativ neuen Marker für DNA-Doppelstrangbrüche, zum Einsatz. Untersucht wurde eine sehr heterogene Gruppe aus 5 Fibroblasten- sowie 5 Tumorzelllinien. Unter den Fibroblastenzelllinien befanden sich 2 normale Hautfibroblasten, 2 Hautfibroblasten von Brustkrebspatientinnen mit überdurchschnittlich starken Hautreaktionen nach der Bestrahlung sowie eine Zelllinie mit bekannter AT-Mutation. An Tumorzelllinien kam ein Adenokarzinom der Brust, ein Malignes Melanom, ein Fibrosarkom und zwei isogene aber unterschiedlich strahlensensible Glioblastomzelllinien, die sich in Hinblick auf ihre Proteinkinasenaktivitäten unterscheiden, zum Einsatz. Durch den Koloniebildungstest konnte eine große Bandbreite der klonogenen Überlebensraten erkannt werden, wobei Zelllinien mit Proteinkinasedefekten die größte Empfindlichkeit gegenüber ionisierender Strahlung aufwiesen. Der Verlauf des Histons gamma-H2AX in Hinblick auf die Induktion, die Abbaukinetiken, die verbliebenen Reste nach 18 Stunden Reparaturdauer sowie die dosisabhängigen Kurvensteigungen zeigten jeweils einen charakteristischen Verlauf für jede untersuchte Zelllinie. Interessanterweise war die Hintergrundfluoreszenz bei Tumorzelllinien signifikant höher als diejenige bei Fibroblastenzelllinien. Die strahlensensible Glioblastomzelllinie mit Proteinkinasedefekten zeigte eine deutlich protrahierte Phosphorylierung des Histons H2AX. Zwischen den Überlebensraten der Koloniebildungstests und den Ergebnissen der gamma-H2AX-Detektion wurden keine Korrelationen gefunden. Wie in dieser Arbeit gezeigt werden konnte, stellt der Verlauf des Histons gamma-H2AX einen stark zelllinienabhängigen Parameter dar. Das Histon gamma-H2AX besitzt dadurch ein hohes Potential um individuelle Mechanismen einer Zelllinie nach Einwirkung äußerer Noxen, wie beispielsweise ionisierende Strahlung, zu untersuchen. Es bietet interessante Ansatzpunkte zur Beurteilung neuer Therapieregimes als auch zur Entwicklung und Bewertung strahlenmodulierender Chemotherapeutika. N2 - Despite of the efforts of modern radiotherapy, about 5-10% of tumor patients develop severe side effects of normal tissue after radiotherapy treatment. Therefore, there is a growing interest to establish a reliable method to predict a normal tissue’s radiosensitivity. On the other hand, some tumors did not respond adequately to the standard irradiation protocols. The development of a predictive test for radiotherapy is therefore one of the important goals of radiation research. The present study used two different methods to evaluate cellular reactions after irradiation – the colony forming test and digital image analysis of histone gamma-H2AX, a marker of DNA double strand breaks. Ten different cell lines derived from normal and malignant tissues were examined. Among them were 2 normal skin fibroblast lines, 2 fibroblast cell lines derived from the skin biopsies of tumor patients with adverse early skin-reactions to radiotherapy, and one fibroblast cell line with a known mutation of the AT gene. The five examined tumor cell lines included a fibrosarcoma (HT 1080), a breast carcinoma (MCF7), a melanoma (Colo-800) and two isogenic glioblastoma (MO59J and MO59K) cell lines. The results of the colony forming test for the 10 cell lines studied showed a wide range of the SF2-values (surviving fraction at 2 Gray). Cell lines with defects in the protein kinases, MO59J and AT, showed the lowest surviving fractions, 0.06 and 0.17, respectively. Interestingly, the background level of gamma-H2AX was significantly higher in malignant cell lines compared with non-malignant ones. We found that the glioblastoma cell line MO59J which is deficient in the protein kinases DNA-PK and ATM showed a delayed phosphorylation of H2AX. Comparison between the parameters of the colony-forming test and of histone gamma-H2AX revealed no correlation between the SF2-values and the induction and disappearance of histone gamma-H2AX for the cell sample tested. However, the induction, the kinetics of disappearance, residual and background parameters of histone gamma-H2AX showed a strong cell line specific behaviour. Our results suggest that histone gamma-H2AX seems to be a very useful cell-type-specific marker for DNA double-strand breaks which could be used as a patient specific molecular marker to assess the effect of radiosensitizers or different radiotherapy schedules in order to optimize the tumor treatment. KW - DNS-Reparatur KW - DNS-Doppelstrangbruch KW - Strahlensensibilität KW - Histon gamma-H2AX KW - Koloniebildungstest KW - prädiktiver Test KW - colony-forming assay KW - DNA damage KW - DNA double-strand break KW - Radiosensitivity KW - Histone gamma-H2AX Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34823 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mantel, Frederick A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Guckenberger, Matthias T1 - Stereotactic body radiation therapy in the re-irradiation situation – a review JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - Although locoregional relapse is frequent after definitive radiotherapy (RT) or multimodal treatments, re-irradiation is only performed in few patients even in palliative settings like e.g. vertebral metastasis. This is most due to concern about potentially severe complications, especially when large volumes are exposed to re-irradiation. With technological advancements in treatment planning the interest in re-irradiation as a local treatment approach has been reinforced. Recently, several studies reported re-irradiation for spinal metastases using SBRT with promising local and symptom control rates and simultaneously low rates of toxicity. These early data consistently indicate that SBRT is a safe and effective treatment modality in this clinical situation, where other treatment alternatives are rare. Similarly, good results have been shown for SBRT in the re-irradiation of head and neck tumors. Despite severe late adverse effects were reported in several studies, especially after single fraction doses >10 Gy, they appear less frequently compared to conventional radiotherapy. Few studies with small patient numbers have been published on SBRT re-irradiation for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Overall survival (OS) is limited by systemic progression and seems to depend particularly on patient selection. SBRT re-irradiation after primary SBRT should not be practiced in centrally located tumors due to high risk of severe toxicity. Only limited data is available for SBRT re-irradiation of pelvic tumors: feasibility and acceptable toxicity has been described, suggesting SBRT as a complementary treatment modality for local symptom control. KW - Stereotactic body radiotherapy KW - Radiosurgery KW - Re-irradiation KW - Locoregional recurrence KW - Normal tissue tolerance KW - Spinal metastases KW - NSCLC KW - Head and neck cancer KW - Pelvic tumors Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96346 UR - http://www.ro-journal.com/content/8/1/7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bratengeier, Klaus A1 - Holubyev, Kostyantyn A1 - Wegener, Sonja T1 - Steeper dose gradients resulting from reduced source to target distance—a planning system independent study JF - Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics N2 - Purpose: To quantify the contribution of penumbra in the improvement of healthy tissue sparing at reduced source‐to‐axis distance (SAD) for simple spherical target and different prescription isodoses (PI). Method: A TPS‐independent method was used to estimate three‐dimensional (3D) dose distribution for stereotactic treatment of spherical targets of 0.5 cm radius based on single beam two‐dimensional (2D) film dosimetry measurements. 1 cm target constitutes the worst case for the conformation with standard Multi‐Leaf Collimator (MLC) with 0.5 cm leaf width. The measured 2D transverse dose cross‐sections and the profiles in leaf and jaw directions were used to calculate radial dose distribution from isotropic beam arrangement, for both quadratic and circular beam openings, respectively. The results were compared for standard (100 cm) and reduced SAD 70 and 55 cm for different PI. Results: For practical reduction of SAD using quadratic openings, the improvement of healthy tissue sparing (HTS) at distances up to 3 times the PTV radius was at least 6%–12%; gradient indices (GI) were reduced by 3–39% for PI between 40% and 90%. Except for PI of 80% and 90%, quadratic apertures at SAD 70 cm improved the HTS by up to 20% compared to circular openings at 100 cm or were at least equivalent; GI were 3%–33% lower for reduced SAD in the PI range 40%–70%. For PI = 80% and 90% the results depend on the circular collimator model. Conclusion: Stereotactic treatments of spherical targets delivered at reduced SAD of 70 or 55 cm using MLC spare healthy tissue around the target at least as good as treatments at SAD 100 cm using circular collimators. The steeper beam penumbra at reduced SAD seems to be as important as perfect target conformity. The authors argue therefore that the beam penumbra width should be addressed in the stereotactic studies. KW - radiotherapy KW - stereotactic irradiation KW - penumbra KW - leaf width KW - virtual isocenter Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177424 VL - 20 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuger, Sebastian A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Djuzenova, Cholpon S. T1 - Simultaneous perturbation of the MAPK and the PI3K/mTOR pathways does not lead to increased radiosensitization JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - Background The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways are intertwined on various levels and simultaneous inhibition reduces tumorsize and prolonges survival synergistically. Furthermore, inhibiting these pathways radiosensitized cancer cells in various studies. To assess, if phenotypic changes after perturbations of this signaling network depend on the genetic background, we integrated a time series of the signaling data with phenotypic data after simultaneous MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) and PI3K/mTOR inhibition and ionizing radiation (IR). Methods The MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 were tested in glioblastoma and lung carcinoma cells, which differ in their mutational status in the MAPK and the PI3K/mTOR pathways. Effects of AZD6244 and NVP-BEZ235 on the proliferation were assessed using an ATP assay. Drug treatment and IR effects on the signaling network were analyzed in a time-dependent manner along with measurements of phenotypic changes in the colony forming ability, apoptosis, autophagy or cell cycle. Results Both inhibitors reduced the tumor cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with NVP-BEZ235 revealing the higher anti-proliferative potential. Our Western blot data indicated that AZD6244 and NVP-BEZ235 perturbed the MAPK and PI3K/mTOR signaling cascades, respectively. Additionally, we confirmed crosstalks and feedback loops in the pathways. As shown by colony forming assay, the AZD6244 moderately radiosensitized cancer cells, whereas NVP-BEZ235 caused a stronger radiosensitization. Combining both drugs did not enhance the NVP-BEZ235-mediated radiosensitization. Both inhibitors caused a cell cycle arrest in the G1-phase, whereas concomitant IR and treatment with the inhibitors resulted in cell line- and drug-specific cell cycle alterations. Furthermore, combining both inhibitors synergistically enhanced a G1-phase arrest in sham-irradiated glioblastoma cells and induced apoptosis and autophagy in both cell lines. Conclusion Perturbations of the MEK and the PI3K pathway radiosensitized tumor cells of different origins and the combination of AZD6244 and NVP-BEZ235 yielded cytostatic effects in several tumor entities. However, this is the first study assessing, if the combination of both drugs also results in synergistic effects in terms of radiosensitivity. Our study demonstrates that simultaneous treatment with both pathway inhibitors does not lead to synergistic radiosensitization but causes cell line-specific effects. KW - autophagy KW - radiosensitivity KW - NVP-BEZ235 KW - AZD6244 KW - cell cycle arrest KW - apoptosis Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126104 VL - 10 IS - 214 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilbert, Juergen A1 - Guckenberger, Matthias A1 - Polat, Buelent A1 - Sauer, Otto A1 - Vogele, Michael A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Sweeney, Reinhart A. T1 - Semi-robotic 6 degree of freedom positioning for intracranial high precision radiotherapy; first phantom and clinical results N2 - Background: To introduce a novel method of patient positioning for high precision intracranial radiotherapy. Methods: An infrared(IR)-array, reproducibly attached to the patient via a vacuum-mouthpiece(vMP) and connected to the table via a 6 degree-of-freedom(DoF) mechanical arm serves as positioning and fixation system. After IR-based manual prepositioning to rough treatment position and fixation of the mechanical arm, a cone-beam CT(CBCT) is performed. A robotic 6 DoF treatment couch (HexaPOD™) then automatically corrects all remaining translations and rotations. This absolute position of infrared markers at the first fraction acts as reference for the following fractions where patients are manually prepositioned to within ± 2 mm and ± 2° of this IR reference position prior to final HexaPOD-based correction; consequently CBCT imaging is only required once at the first treatment fraction. The preclinical feasibility and attainable repositioning accuracy of this method was evaluated on a phantom and human volunteers as was the clinical efficacy on 7 pilot study patients. Results: Phantom and volunteer manual IR-based prepositioning to within ± 2 mm and ± 2° in 6DoF was possible within a mean(± SD) of 90 ± 31 and 56 ± 22 seconds respectively. Mean phantom translational and rotational precision after 6 DoF corrections by the HexaPOD was 0.2 ± 0.2 mm and 0.7 ± 0.8° respectively. For the actual patient collective, the mean 3D vector for inter-treatment repositioning accuracy (n = 102) was 1.6 ± 0.8 mm while intra-fraction movement (n = 110) was 0.6 ± 0.4 mm. Conclusions: This novel semi-automatic 6DoF IR-based system has been shown to compare favourably with existing non-invasive intracranial repeat fixation systems with respect to handling, reproducibility and, more importantly, intrafraction rigidity. Some advantages are full cranial positioning flexibility for single and fractionated IGRT treatments and possibly increased patient comfort. KW - Strahlentherapie Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-68613 ER - TY - THES A1 - Cirak, Marianne T1 - Sedierung am Lebensende auf der Palliativstation T1 - Sedation therapy at the end of life on a palliative care unit N2 - Retrospektive Analyse von 181 Patienten, die im Zeitraum vom 01.02.2015 bis zum 31.03.2016 auf der Palliativstation des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg verstorben sind. Es wurde die palliative Sedierungstherapie untersucht unter folgenden Gesichtspunkten: Erfolgte sie leitliniengerecht (waren die Symptome therapierefraktär bzw. wurde eine proportionale Sedierung durchgeführt)? Wie lässt sich die palliative Sedierungstherapie von aktiver Sterbehilfe abgrenzen? Welchen Einfluss hat das Delir? Welche Qualität hatte die Dokumentation? Die Autorin kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die palliative Sedierungstherapie ein wichtiges Instrument ist zur Symptomlinderung am Lebensende. Es ist auch eine sichere Therapiemaßnahme, solange sie leitliniengerecht durchgeführt wird. Die palliative Sedierungstherapie auf der Palliativstation der Universitätsklinik Würzburg konnte als leitliniengerecht bestätigt werden. Das Delir war mit einer signifikant längeren Sedierungsdauer verbunden und Patienten mit Delir wiesen signifikant mehr Risikofaktoren für Delir auf. Der Erhebung von Risikofaktoren und der frühzeitigen Erkennung des Delirs kommen damit eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Eine korrekte Dokumentation ist aus rechtlichen Gesichtspunkten und aus Respekt vor dem Selbstbestimmungsrecht des Patienten sehr wichtig, hier gab es Verbesserungspotential. Eine Empfehlung zur strukturierten Durchführung der palliativen Sedierungstherapie wurde von der Autorin entwickelt. N2 - Retrospective analysis of 181 patients who died at the palliative care unit of the university clinic of Wuerzburg, between February 1, 2015 and March 31, 2016. The palliative sedation therapy was analyzed regarding the following questions: Was it performed in accordance with accepted guidelines (were the symptoms refractory, was the sedation proportionate)? How can palliative sedation be distinguished from euthanasia? What impact does delirium have? What quality did the documentation have? The author concludes that palliative sedation is an important tool to alleviate symptoms at the end of life. It is also a secure therapy option when it is performed in accordance with the guidelines. On the palliative care unit at the university clinic of Wuerzburg, palliative sedation was administered according to the guidelines. Delirium was linked to significantly longer sedation times, and patients with delirium had significantly more risk factors for delirium. The early detection of risk factors and delirium are therefore crucial. The correct documentation is very important due to legal aspects and out of respect for the patients’ right to self-determination. In this regard, the study showed there was room for improvement. The author developed a proposal for a structured procedure for administering palliative sedation therapy. KW - Palliative Sedierung KW - Delir KW - palliative Sedierung KW - Leitlinie KW - Delir KW - Aktive Sterbehilfe KW - Nichtmedikamentöse Therapien KW - Physiologische vs. medikamentöse Bewusstseinsminderung Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-179651 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grabenbauer, Felix A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Salvage-Bestrahlung der Prostataloge: Mitbestrahlung der regionalen LK und Bedeutung der ADT JF - Strahlentherapie und Onkologie N2 - No abstract available. T2 - Salvage prostate bed radiotherapy: co-irradiation of regional LNs and significance of ADT KW - Salvage-Radiotherapie KW - Androgendeprivationstherapie KW - PBRT KW - ADT KW - Prostataloge KW - prostate bed radiotherapy KW - pelvic lymph node radiotherapy KW - PBRT KW - ADT KW - PLNRT KW - pelvine Lymphabflüsse Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325047 VL - 198 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Zehner, Leonie A1 - Hartrampf, Philipp A1 - Lisowski, Dominik A1 - Kneitz, Susanne A1 - Cirsi, Sinan A1 - Razinskas, Gary A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Polat, Bülent T1 - Salvage nodal radiotherapy as metastasis-directed therapy for oligorecurrent prostate cancer detected by positron emission tomography shows favorable outcome in long-term follow-up JF - Cancers N2 - Simple Summary Patients, who suffer from oligorecurrent prostate cancer with limited nodal involvement, may be offered positron emission tomography (PET)-directed salvage nodal radiotherapy to delay disease progression. This current analysis aimed to access salvage radiotherapy for nodal oligorecurrent prostate cancer with simultaneous integrated boost to PET-involved lymph nodes as metastasis-directed therapy. A long-term oncological outcome was favorable after salvage nodal radiotherapy and severe toxicity rates were low. Androgen deprivation therapy plays a major role in recurrent prostate cancer management and demonstrates a positive influence on the rate of biochemical progression in patients receiving salvage nodal radiotherapy. The present long-term analysis may help clinicians identify patients who would benefit from salvage nodal radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy, as a multimodal treatment strategy for oligorecurrent prostate cancer. Abstract Background: The study aimed to access the long-term outcome of salvage nodal radiotherapy (SNRT) in oligorecurrent prostate cancer. Methods: A total of 95 consecutive patients received SNRT for pelvic and/or extrapelvic nodal recurrence after prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) or choline PET from 2010 to 2021. SNRT was applied as external beam radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost up to a median total dose of 62.9 Gy (EQD2\(_{1.5Gy}\)) to the recurrent lymph node metastases. The outcome was analyzed by cumulative incidence functions with death as the competing risk. Fine–Gray regression analyses were performed to estimate the relative hazards of the outcome parameters. Genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity evaluation utilized Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (v5.0). The results are as follows: the median follow-up was 47.1 months. The five-year biochemical progression rate (95% CI) was 50.1% (35.7–62.9%). Concomitant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was adminstered in 60.0% of the patients. The five-year biochemical progression rate was 75.0% (42.0–90.9%) without ADT versus 35.3% (19.6–51.4%) with ADT (p = 0.003). The cumulative five-year late grade 3 GU toxicity rate was 2.1%. No late grade 3 GI toxicity occured. Conclusions: Metastasis-directed therapy through SNRT for PET-staged oligorecurrent prostate cancer demonstrated a favorable long-term oncologic outcome. Omittance of ADT led to an increased biochemical progression. KW - metastasis-directed therapy KW - long-term outcome KW - oligorecurrence KW - prostate cancer KW - salvage radiotherapy KW - PSMA Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-286064 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 14 IS - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guckenberger, Matthias A1 - Mantel, Frederick A1 - Gerszten, Peter C. A1 - Flickinger, John C. A1 - Sahgal, Arjun A1 - Létourneau, Daniel A1 - Grills, Inga S. A1 - Jawad, Maha A1 - Fahim, Daniel K. A1 - Shin, John H. A1 - Winey, Brian A1 - Sheehan, Jason A1 - Kersh, Ron T1 - Safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy as primary treatment for vertebral metastases: a multi-institutional analysis N2 - Purpose To evaluate patient selection criteria, methodology, safety and clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for treatment of vertebral metastases. Materials and methods Eight centers from the United States (n = 5), Canada (n = 2) and Germany (n = 1) participated in the retrospective study and analyzed 301 patients with 387 vertebral metastases. No patient had been exposed to prior radiation at the treatment site. All patients were treated with linac-based SBRT using cone-beam CT image-guidance and online correction of set-up errors in six degrees of freedom. Results 387 spinal metastases were treated and the median follow-up was 11.8 months. The median number of consecutive vertebrae treated in a single volume was one (range, 1-6), and the median total dose was 24 Gy (range 8-60 Gy) in 3 fractions (range 1-20). The median EQD210 was 38 Gy (range 12-81 Gy). Median overall survival (OS) was 19.5 months and local tumor control (LC) at two years was 83.9%. On multivariate analysis for OS, male sex (p < 0.001; HR = 0.44), performance status <90 (p < 0.001; HR = 0.46), presence of visceral metastases (p = 0.007; HR = 0.50), uncontrolled systemic disease (p = 0.007; HR = 0.45), >1 vertebra treated with SBRT (p = 0.04; HR = 0.62) were correlated with worse outcomes. For LC, an interval between primary diagnosis of cancer and SBRT of ≤30 months (p = 0.01; HR = 0.27) and histology of primary disease (NSCLC, renal cell cancer, melanoma, other) (p = 0.01; HR = 0.21) were correlated with worse LC. Vertebral compression fractures progressed and developed de novo in 4.1% and 3.6%, respectively. Other adverse events were rare and no radiation induced myelopathy reported. Conclusions This multi-institutional cohort study reports high rates of efficacy with spine SBRT. At this time the optimal fractionation within high dose practice is unknown. KW - Medizin Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110638 ER - TY - THES A1 - Thiele, Wibke T1 - Reproduzierbarkeit der Risikoorgandosis bei der stereotaktischen Bestrahlung in Thorax, Abdomen und Becken T1 - Reproducibility of the organs of risk during the stereotactic radiation in the lung, abdomen and pelvic N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigte sich mit der Reproduzierbarkeit und möglichen relevanten Dosisänderungen in Bezug auf anliegende Risikoorgane bei der Körpersterotaxie in Lunge und Abdomen. Bei der Planung sowie vor jeder Bestrahlung wurden 56 Patienten in einem stereotaktischem Körperrahmen gelagert und eine CT durchgeführt. Anschließend wurden die Dosisverteilungen aus dem Planungs-CT in den CT-Datensatz zum Behandlungszeitpunkt übertragen und eventuelle Dosisänderungen ausgewertet und graphisch dargestellt. In Einzelfällen fanden sich hohe Dosisänderungen, speziell in den Risikoorganen Magen, Ösophagus und Leber mit Überhöhungen von über 10 Gy. In den Risikoorganen Lunge, Spinalkanal, Herz, Trachea, Blase, Dünndarm, Rektum und Niere traten keine vergleichbar hohen Dosisänderungen auf. Es sollte daher nicht nur auf die Toleranzdosis und die reproduzierbare Lage der Zielorgane, sondern auch auf die der Risikoorgane geachtet werden. N2 - Previous analyses in extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy using the body-frame examined the reproducibility of the target in the reference to the intended dose. In this study we analysed the reproducibility of the organs of risk in extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy in the lung and abdomen. Before and during each radiation a CT-scan was performed for 56 patients. The organs of risk were marked and the dose distribution from each CT-simulation was segmented and matched with the CT-study used for treatment planning. Changes of the calculated doses were analysed and graphed. In a few number of cases (affected organs: stomach, oesophagus and liver) a variance of the dose to the expected dose with more than 10 Gy was found. In the lung, spinal cord, heart, trachea, bladder, small intestine, rectum and kidney no comparable dose discrepancy were found. Therefore it is necessary not only to pay attention upon the tolerable dose and the reproducibility of the target but also upon the tolerable dose and the reproducibility of the organs of risk. KW - Körperstereotaxie KW - Risikoorgandosen KW - Hypofraktionierung KW - Körperrahmen KW - Stereotactic radiation KW - doses of the organs of risk KW - hypofractionation KW - body-frame Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-7671 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lv, Xiaoqun A1 - Zhang, Lingyun A1 - Zhu, Yanyan A1 - Said, Harun M. A1 - Shi, Jimin A1 - Xu, Guoxiong T1 - Regulative effect of Nampt on tumor progression and cell viability in human colorectal cancer JF - Journal of Cancer N2 - Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer disease. Here we examined Nampt expression in patients with CRC and the effect of Nampt on cell viability in CRC cells. Nampt protein was overexpressed in colorectal adenoma as well as colorectal carcinoma. The immunoreactive staining of Nampt was negative in the adjacent normal colorectal tissue, weak in colorectal adenoma, and strong in colorectal carcinoma, which may represent tumor progression. Further evaluation of clinical data showed that Nampt expression was not correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC. Additionally, our in vitro studies demonstrated that Nampt promotes CRC cell viability, whereas the Nampt inhibitor FK866 suppressed CRC cell viability, which was in concordance with the previous studies in other cancer cells. Treatment with Nampt-siRNA reduced the Nampt protein expression resulting in the inhibition of the cell viability of HCT116 and Caco2. Thus, the involvement of Nampt in cell growth indicates that Nampt may play an important role in colorectal tumorigenesis. As a consequence, our results suggest that Nampt may be considered as a progression marker of colorectal tumor and a potentially therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC. KW - nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase KW - signaling pathways KW - gastric cancer KW - overexpression KW - cell proliferation KW - tumor biomarker KW - adenocarcinoma KW - Nampt KW - visfatin KW - PBEF KW - breast cancer KW - prognostic value KW - visfatin levels KW - inhibitor KW - expression KW - adipocytokines Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144516 VL - 6 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guckenberger, Matthias A1 - Alexandrow, Nikolaus A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Radiotherapy alone for stage I-III low grade follicular lymphoma: long-term outcome and comparison of extended field and total nodal irradiation N2 - Background: To analyze long-term results of radiotherapy alone for stage I-III low grade follicular lymphoma and to compare outcome after extended field irradiation (EFI) and total nodal irradiation (TNI). Methods and materials: Between 1982 and 2007, 107 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone for low grade follicular lymphoma at Ann Arbor stage I (n = 50), II (n = 36) and III (n = 21); 48 and 59 patients were treated with EFI and TNI, respectively. The median total dose in the first treatment series of the diaphragmatic side with larger lymphoma burden was 38 Gy (25 Gy – 50 Gy) and after an interval of median 30 days, a total dose of 28 Gy (12.6 Gy – 45 Gy) was given in the second treatment series completing TNI. Results: After a median follow-up of 14 years for living patients, 10-years and 15-years overall survival (OS) were 64% and 50%, respectively. Survival was not significantly different between stages I, II and III. TNI and EFI resulted in 15-years OS of 65% and 34% but patients treated with TNI were younger, had better performance status and higher stage of disease compared to patients treated with EFI. In multivariate analysis, only age at diagnosis (p<0.001, relative risk [RR] 1.06) and Karnofsky performance status (p = 0.04, RR = 0.96) were significantly correlated with OS. Freedom from progression (FFP) was 58% and 56% after 10-years and 15-years, respectively. Recurrences outside the irradiated volume were significantly reduced after TNI compared to EFI; however, increased rates of in-field recurrences and extra-nodal out-of-field recurrence counterbalanced this effect resulting in no significant difference in FFP between TNI and EFI. In univariate analysis, FFP was significantly improved in stage I compared to stage II but no differences were observed between stages I/II and stage III. In multivariate analysis no patient or treatment parameter was correlated with FFP. Acute toxicity was significantly increased after TNI compared to EFI with a trend to increased late toxicity as well. Conclusions: Radiotherapy alone for stage I and II follicular lymphoma resulted in long-term OS with high rates of disease control; no benefit of TNI over EFI was observed. For stage III follicular lymphoma, TNI achieved promising OS and FFP and should be considered as a potentially curative treatment option. KW - Medizin KW - Follicular lymphoma KW - Total nodal irradiation KW - Extended field irradiation Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75702 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - van Oorschot, Birgitt A1 - Beckmann, Gabriele A1 - Schulze, Wolfgang A1 - Rades, Dirk A1 - Feyer, Petra T1 - Radiotherapeutic options for symptom control in breast cancer JF - Breast Care N2 - The majority of breast cancer patients will require radiation therapy at some time during the course of their disease. An estimated 30–50% of all radiation treatments are of palliative nature, either to alleviate symptoms or prophylactic to prevent deterioration of quality of life due to locally progressive disease. Radiotherapy is a locally effective tool, and typically causes no systemic and mostly mild acute side effects. The following article provides an overview of options and decision-making in palliative radiotherapy for symptom control. N2 - Die Mehrzahl der Patientinnen mit Brustkrebs erhält im Krankheitsverlauf einmalig oder mehrfach eine lokale Strahlentherapie, 30–50% der Behandlungen erfolgen unter palliativer Zielsetzung, entweder zur Linderung belastender Symptome oder palliativ-präventiv zur Sicherung der Lebensqualität durch die Vermeidung lokaler Komplikationen oder eines lokalen, zeitbegrenzten Tumorprogresses. Strahlentherapie ist ein lokal wirksames Verfahren mit zumeist nur leichten Nebenwirkungen. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Möglichkeiten der palliativen Strahlentherapie zur Symptomlinderung und über die medizinische Entscheidungsfindung. KW - radiotherapy KW - breast cancer KW - symptom control KW - palliative care KW - Strahlentherapie KW - Mammakarzinom KW - Symptomlinderung KW - Palliativmedizin Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199105 SN - 1661-3791 SN - 1661-3805 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 6 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Djuzenova, Cholpon S. A1 - Elsner, Ines A1 - Katzer, Astrid A1 - Worschech, Eike A1 - Distel, Luitpold V. A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Polat, Bülent T1 - Radiosensitivity in breast cancer assessed by the histone γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci JF - Radiation Oncology N2 - Background High expression of constitutive histone γ-H2AX, a sensitive marker of DNA damage, might be indicative of defective DNA repair pathway or genomic instability. 53BP1 (p53-binding protein 1) is a conserved checkpoint protein with properties of a DNA double-strand breaks sensor. This study explores the relationship between the clinical radiosensitivity of tumor patients and the expression/induction of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 in vitro. Methods Using immunostaining, we assessed spontaneous and radiation-induced foci of γ-H2AX and 53 BP1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from unselected breast cancer (BC) patients (n=57) undergoing radiotherapy (RT). Cells from apparently healthy donors (n=12) served as references. Results Non-irradiated cells from controls and unselected BC patients exhibited similar baseline levels of DNA damage assessed by γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci. At the same time, the γ-H2AX assay of in vitro irradiated cells revealed significant differences between the control group and the group of unselected BC patients with respect to the initial (0.5 Gy, 30 min) and residual (2 Gy, 24 h post-radiation) DNA damage. The numbers of 53BP1 foci analyzed in 35 BC patients were significantly higher than in controls only in case of residual DNA damage. A weak correlation was found between residual foci of both proteins tested. In addition, cells from cancer patients with an adverse acute skin reaction (grade 3) to RT showed significantly increased radiation-induced γ-H2AX foci and their protracted disappearance compared to the group of BC patients with normal skin reaction (grade 0–1). The mean number of γ-H2AX foci after 5 clinical fractions was significantly higher than that before RT, especially in clinically radiosensitive patients. Conclusions The γ-H2AX assay may have potential for screening individual radiosensitivity of breast cancer patients. KW - DNA damage KW - DNA repair KW - Peripheral blood lymphocytes KW - Radiosensitivity KW - DNS-Schädigung KW - DNS-Reparatur Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96110 UR - http://www.ro-journal.com/content/8/1/98 ER - TY - THES A1 - Grabenbauer, Felix T1 - Radiosensibilisierung humaner Tumorzelllinien unterschiedlicher Entitäten durch den MEK-Inhibitor PD184352 allein oder in Kombination mit dem HSP90-Inhibitor NVP-AUY922: Einfluss der Behandlungsschemas T1 - Radiosensitization of human tumor cell lines of different entities by the MEK inhibitor PD184352 alone or in combination with the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922: Influence of the treatment regimen N2 - Das Targeting des MEK-Proteins in Krebszellen führt in der Regel zu einer erworbenen Resistenz gegen MEK-Inhibitoren und zur Aktivierung des überlebenswichtigen Proteins Akt. Da sowohl MEK als auch Akt Clienten des Hsp90-Chaperonsystems sind, untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit die Reaktionen von bestrahlten Lungenkarzinom- (A549) und Glioblastom- (SNB19) Zelllinien auf eine kombinierte MEK- und Hsp90-Hemmung. Unerwarteterweise verbesserte der 24 h vor der Bestrahlung verabreichte MEK-Inhibitor PD184352 das Zellüberleben durch Hochregulation von MEK und Erk1/2, aber auch von Akt. Im Gegensatz dazu reduzierte PD184352, das 1 h vor der Bestrahlung zugegeben wurde, die Expression von Erk stark und regulierte Akt in beiden Zelllinien nicht hoch. Als Ergebnis verstärkte der MEK-Inhibitor die radiosensibilisierende Wirkung des Hsp90-Inhibitors NVP-AUY922 in Glioblastomzellen (SNB19). N2 - Targeting MEK protein in cancer cells usually leads to acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors and activation of the prosurvival protein Akt. Since both MEK and Akt are clients of the Hsp90 chaperone system, the present study explores the responses of irradiated lung carcinoma A549 and glioblastoma SNB19 cell lines to combined MEK and Hsp90 inhibition. Unexpectedly, the MEK inhibitor PD184352 administered 24 h prior to irradiation, enhanced cell survival through upregulation of not only MEK and Erk1/2 but also of Akt. In contrast, PD184352 added 1 h before irradiation strongly reduced the expression of Erk and did not upregulate Akt in both cell lines. As a result, the MEK inhibitor increased the radiosensitizing effect of the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 in glioblastoma SNB19 cells. KW - Strahlenbiologie KW - A549 KW - Zellforschung KW - Radiosensibilisierung KW - Humane Tumorzelllinien KW - SNB19 KW - MEK-Inhibition KW - PD184352 KW - CI-1040 KW - HSP90-Inhibition KW - NVP-AUY922 KW - AUY-922 KW - Luminespib Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239790 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kuger, Sebastian T1 - Radiosensibilisierung humaner Tumorzelllinien unterschiedlicher Entitäten durch den dualen PI3K/mTOR-Inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 alleine oder in Kombination mit dem MEK-Inhibitor AZD6244: Einfluss des Behandlungsschemas und der Hypoxie T1 - Radiosensitization of human cancer cell lines of different tumor entities with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 solely or in combination with the MEK inhibitor AZD6244: Effects of the treatement schedule and of hypoxia N2 - Eine wichtige Standardtherapie in der modernen Behandlung von Krebserkrankungen ist die Strahlentherapie, in welcher Tumorzellen mittels ionisierender Strahlung geschädigt und abgetötet werden. Dabei soll die Schädigung des umgebenden Normalgewebes möglichst gering gehalten und trotzdem eine maximale Schädigung des Tumorgewebes erreicht werden. Deshalb sind neue Strategien zur Steigerung der Radiosensitivität des Tumorgewebes sehr wichtig, die es erlauben, bei gleicher Dosis eine verstärkte Strahlenantwort im Tumorgewebe zu erreichen. Hier kommen zunehmend sog. Radiosensibilisatoren zum Einsatz, die unter anderem onkogene Signalwege in den Tumorzellen inhibieren. Der PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signalweg stellt hierbei einen wichtigen Ansatzpunkt dar, da er in vielen Tumorentitäten dereguliert vorliegt und diese Signalkaskade bekanntermaßen einen Einfluss auf die zelluläre Strahlensensitivität hat. Obwohl es für diesen Signalweg schon eine Reihe von Inhibitoren gibt, für die bereits neben einer anti-proliferativen Wirkung auch ein radiosensibilisierender Effekt nachgewiesen wurde (z.B. Wortmannin und Rapamycin), machten eine geringe Spezifität, starke Nebenwirkungen und negative Rückkopplungsmechanismen im Signalweg, die die Wirkung des Inhibitors kompensieren, die Entwicklung neuer Inhibitoren notwendig. Das Imidazoquinolinderivat NVP-BEZ235 inhibiert den PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signalweg an mehreren Stellen gleichzeitig, indem es kompetitiv zu ATP das katalytische Zentrum von PI3K und mTOR blockiert. Für diesen kleinmolekularen, dualen Inhibitor gibt es bereits erste vielversprechende Forschungsergebnisse hinsichtlich einer radiosensibilisierenden Wirkung, allerdings sind die zugrunde liegenden molekularbiologischen Mechanismen noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Deshalb war das Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation, in drei Teilprojekten mehrere Aspekte der NVP-BEZ235-induzierten Radiosensibilisierung aufzuklären: a) Einfluss des Behandlungsschemas für NVP-BEZ235 in vier Glioblastomzelllinien mit unterschiedlichem PTEN und TP53 Mutationsstatus, b) Einfluss der Sauerstoffversorgung (Hypoxie, Normoxie, reoxygeniert nach Bestrahlung) auf die strahlensensibilisierende Wirkung von NVP-BEZ235 in zwei Mammakarzinomzelllinien, c) gleichzeitige Inhibierung des MAPK Signalwegs durch AZD6244 und der PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signalkaskade durch NVP-BEZ235 in zwei Zelllinien mit unter-schiedlichem Mutationsstatus aus verschiedenen Tumorentitäten, um synergistische Effekte zu untersuchen. Um diese Fragestellungen zu beantworten, wurde im Rahmen - 142 - der Dissertation eine Auswahl an humanen Tumorzelllinien mit unterschiedlich deregulierten Signalwegen bearbeitet. Dabei wurde die Expression von Schlüsselproteinen der MAPK/Erk und der PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signalwege analysiert und mit zellbiologischen Daten verschiedener phänotypischer Endpunkte nach Inhibitor Behandlung und Bestrahlung integriert (Proliferationsrate, klonogenes Überleben, Zellzyklusaberrationen, DNS-Schäden und -Reparatur, Zelltod und Autophagie). Im Teilprojekt zum Behandlungsschema der NVP-BEZ235 Inhibierung und Bestrahlung konnte in vier Glioblastomzelllinien mit Behandlungsschema I (NVP-BEZ235 Behandlung 24 Stunden vor Bestrahlung) kein radiosensibilisierender Effekt hinsichtlich klonogenem Überleben nachgewiesen werden, wohingegen Behandlungsschema II (NVP-BEZ235 Behandlung 1 h vor und im Anschluss an die Bestrahlung) unabhängig vom Mutationsstatus in allen vier Zelllinien eine starke Radiosensibilisierung bewirkte. Auf molekularer Ebene war zwischen beiden Behandlungsschemata für das antiapoptotische Protein Akt ein großer Unterschied zu beobachten, welches bei Behandlung nach Schema I zum Zeitpunkt der Bestrahlung überaktiviert, nach Behandlung mit Schema II hingegen inhibiert war. Weiterhin resultierte Behandlungsschema I in einem erhöhten Anteil der Zellen in der radioresistenteren G1-Phase des Zellzyklus zum Zeit-punkt der Bestrahlung. Behandlungsschema II führte hingegen nach Bestrahlung zu einer verminderten Expression des Reparaturproteins Rad51 und damit zu verminderter DNS-Schadensreparatur und schließlich zu einem stabilen Arrest in der G2/M-Phase des Zellzyklus sowie zu verstärkter Apoptose (erhöhte Spaltung von PARP, erhöhter Anteil hypodiploider Zellen). Somit zeigen diese Ergebnisse, dass unabhängig vom PTEN und TP53 Mutationsstatus eine Radiosensibilisierung nur durch das Behandlungsschema II erreicht werden konnte. Ferner deuten die Ergebnisse der Proteinexpression darauf hin, dass durch NVP-BEZ235 ein negativer Rückkopplungsmechanismus ausgelöst wird, wodurch die PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signalkaskade 24h nach Zugabe des Inhibitors aktiviert und synergistische Effekte mit ionisierender Bestrahlung aufgehoben wurden. Im Teilprojekt zur Abhängigkeit der NVP-BEZ235 Inhibition vom Sauerstoffgehalt wurden in den beiden Brustkrebszelllinien MCF-7 (ER-positiv) und TN MDA-MB-231 (TP53 mutiert) normoxische, hypoxische und nach Bestrahlung reoxygenierte Kulturbedingungen im Hinblick auf die Koloniebildungsfähigkeit nach NVP-BEZ235 Behandlung und Bestrahlung untersucht. Die beobachtete Radiosensibilisierung war unter allen getesteten Bedingungen auf gleichem Niveau. In beiden Zelllinien bewirkte NVP-BEZ235 eine Inhibition des antiapoptotischen HIF-1α Proteins, eine stabile Inaktivierung des PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signalweges und eine Aktivierung der Autophagie. Nach Bestrahlung waren zudem erhöhte residuale DNS-Schäden und ein stabiler Arrest in der G2/M-Phase des Zellzyklus unter allen Oxygenierungsbedingungen in beiden Zelllinien zu beobachten. Eine Apoptose Induktion (Spaltung von PARP, hypodiploide Zellen) trat nur in der TP53 wildtypischen MCF-7 Zelllinie nach NVP-BEZ235 Behandlung auf. Somit konnte in beiden Zelllinien in allen pathophysiologisch relevanten Oxygenierungszuständen eine sauerstoffunabhängige Radiosensibilisierung durch NVP-BEZ235 gezeigt werden. Der bisher nicht erforschte Aspekt zur synergistischen Wirkung des MEK Inhibitors AZD6244 und des dualen PI3K/Akt/mTOR Inhibitors NVP-BEZ235 nach Bestrahlung wurde an der Glioblastomzelllinie SNB19 und der Lungenkarzinomzelllinie A549 anhand der Koloniebildungsfähigkeit der behandelten Zellen untersucht. Eine Behandlung mit dem MEK Inhibitor bewirkte lediglich eine moderate Radiosensibilisierung, wohin-gegen der duale PI3K/Akt/mTOR Inhibitor beide Zelllinien in stärkerem Maße sensibilisierte. Eine Kombination beider Inhibitoren resultierte bei keiner Zelllinie in einer Verstärkung der durch NVP-BEZ235 induzierten Radiosensibilisierung. Eine mögliche Erklärung für die fehlende Synergie im Bezug auf die Radiosensibilisierung können die gegensätzlichen Effekte der beiden Inhibitoren auf den Zellzyklus sein. Auf Proteinebene führte eine simultane Behandlung mit beiden Substanzen zur Inhibition beider Signalwege. Darüber hinaus war in SNB19 Zellen eine verstärkte Dephosphorylierung von Rb und ein erhöhter Anteil an G1-Phase Zellen bei kombinierter Gabe der Inhibitoren zu beobachten. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konnte somit die radiosensibilisierende Wirkung von NVP-BEZ235 in Abhängigkeit vom Behandlungsschema gezeigt werden. Ferner wurde nachgewiesen, dass die Radiosensibilisierung unabhängig von der Sauerstoffversorgung sowie von den PTEN und TP53 Mutationsstatus der Tumorzellen ist. Die kombinierte Inhibition der MAPK und PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signalwege resultierte zwar in einem verstärkten zytostatischen, aber nicht in einem verstärkten radiosensibilisierenden Effekt. Da allerdings eine große Anzahl verschiedener Inhibitoren der MAPK/Erk und der PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signalkaskade verfügbar sind, sollte die kombinatorische Inhibition dieser Signalwege systematisch weiter verfolgt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert auch weitere grundlegende Erkenntnisse zu den molekularen Mechanismen der Radiosensibilisierung durch NVP-BEZ235, die auch auf Verknüpfungen und Wechselwirkungen mit anderen als den bisher bekannten Proteinen hindeuten, die für jeden Inhibitor aufgeklärt werden müssen, um eine effektive radiosensibilisierende Wirkung vorher-sagen zu können. N2 - One important treatment option in modern cancer treatment is the radiotherapy, in which tumor cells are killed using the effects of ionizing radiation. A major clinical challenge is the minimization of toxicity to normal tissue with an optimized efficacy in tumor tissue at the same time. In order to meet this requirement, novel strategies are neces-sary to increase the radiosensitivity of tumor tissue aiming at an enhanced radiation response in tumor cells at unchanged doses. For this purpose radiosensitizers are increasingly used, which often also inhibit oncogenic pathways in tumor cells. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade represents a key target since it is deregulated in many tumor types and since it is known that this pathway influences the cellular radiosensitivity. Even though a number of inhibitors with proven antiproliferative and radiosensitizing properties are already available for the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway (e.g. Wortmannin and Rapamycin), some substantial drawbacks such as low specificity, strong side effects and negative feedback loops within the pathway causing failure of pathway inhibition, necessitate the development of novel inhibitors. NVP-BEZ235 is an imidazoquinoline derivate, which acts as a dual inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR path-way by inhibiting the catalytic domain of PI3K and mTOR in an ATP competitive man-ner. There are already promising results published about a radiosensitizing effect of this small molecule inhibitor, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not sufficiently clarified. For this reason, the aim of this doctoral thesis was to clarify several aspects of NVP-BEZ235-induced radiosensitization: a) impact of the treatment scheme of NVP-BEZ235 on four glioblastoma cell lines with different PTEN and TP53 mutational status, b) impact of oxygen supply (hypoxia, normoxia, reoxygenation after irradiation) on the radiosensitizing effect of NVP-BEZ235 in two breast cancer cell lines, c) simultaneous inhibition of the MAPK/Erk pathway with AZD6244 and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway with NVP-BEZ235 in two cell lines differing in their muta-tional background and their origin in order to investigate synergistic effects on radiosensitization. In order to meet these aims, a selection of human tumor cell lines with differentially deregulated pathways was used in this thesis. The expression of key proteins of the PI3K/mTOR and MAPK/Erk pathways were analyzed and integrated with pheno-typic data (proliferation rate, clonogenic survival, cell cycle alterations, DNA damage and repair, cell death, autophagy) after inhibitor treatment and irradiation of cells. For this purpose, proliferation and colony forming assays as well as flow cytometry and Western blot analyses have been performed. The subproject investigating the treatment schemes of NVP-BEZ235 inhibition in com-bination with irradiation demonstrated in four glioblastoma cell lines that treatment scheme I (NVP-BEZ235 treatment 24 h before irradiation) could not generate a radio-sensitizing effect considering clonogenic survival. However, treatment scheme II (NVP-BEZ235 treatment 1 h before and after irradiation) resulted in a strong radiosensitization in each cell line independently of the mutation status. At protein level, a remarkable difference between the two treatment schemes was observed for the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Akt, which was overexpressed at the time of irradiation under scheme I, whilst it was inhibited under treatment of scheme II. Scheme I also resulted in an elevated proportion of cells in the more resistent G1-phase of the cell cycle at the time of irradiation. On the other hand, scheme II caused a reduced expression of the repair protein Rad51 and a diminished DNA repair after irradiation. Also, a stable arrest in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle and increased apoptosis (increased cleavage of PARP and elevated proportions of hypodiploid cells) were noticed under scheme II conditions. Thus, these findings demonstrate a radiosensitization only under conditions of treatment scheme II and that this radiosensitization was independent of PTEN and TP53 mutations. Moreover, the data on protein expression indicate a negative feedback loop that was induced by NVP BEZ235 resulting in an activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway 24 h after inhibitor treatment and leading to abrogation of the synergistic effects with irradiation. The impact of the oxygen supply on NVP BEZ235 inhibition was studied within the second subproject, using the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (ER-positive) and TN MDA-MB-231 (TP53 mutated) under normoxia, hypoxia and reoxygenation after irra-diation with respect to colony formation after NVP-BEZ235 treatment and irradiation. A radiosensitization was observed for each condition at the same level. NVP BEZ235 caused in each cell line an inhibition of the anti-apoptotic HIF-1α protein, a stable inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and an activation of autophagy. An increase of residual DNA damage and a stable arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle were also noticed for all oxygen conditions after irradiation in both cell lines. An induction of apoptosis (cleavage of PARP, hypodiploid cells) was only seen after NVP BEZ235 treatment in the wildtype TP53 MCF-7 cell line. Thus, a radiosensitization independent of the oxygen supply became apparent for all oxygen conditions tested. The aspect of the synergistic effect after irradiation of the MEK inhibitor AZD6244 and of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 was examined for the first time within the third subproject. For this purpose, the colony formation ability was analyzed for the glioblastoma cell line SNB19 and for the lung carcinoma cell line A549. The MEK in-hibitor AZD6244 only caused a moderate radiosensitization whereas the dual PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 resulted in a stronger radiosensitization com-pared to AZD6244. A combinatorial treatment with both inhibitors did not show a gain of the radiosensitizing effect of NVP-BEZ235 in any cell line. One possible explanation for the missing synergy in terms of radiosensitization could be the adverse effects on the cell cycle observed after combined inhibition. At the protein level the simultaneous treatment with both inhibitors caused an inhibition of both pathways. An increased dephosphorylation of Rb and an elevated proportion of G1 phase cells were observed in SNB19 cells after combinatorial treatment. Within the scope of this doctoral thesis a radiosensitizing effect of NVP-BEZ235 was clearly demonstrated depending on the treatment scheme. It was shown that the radiosensitization was independent of the oxygen supply and the PTEN and TP53 mutational status of the tumor cells. The simultaneous inhibition of the MAPK/Erk and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways caused an increased cytostatic effect on tumor cells, but did not result in an elevated radiosensitization. However, a large number of different inhibi-tors of the MAPK/Erk and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascades are available so far and therefore the specific examination of a combinatorial inhibition of these pathways should be continued. This doctoral thesis also provides basic research findings of the molecular mechanisms of radiosensitization induced by NVP-BEZ235 pointing to links and interactions with so far unknown proteins. These protein and network interactions should be clarified for each inhibitor in order to predict a specific effect on radiosensiti-zation. KW - Strahlensensibilisator KW - NVP-BEZ235 KW - Strahlentherapie KW - Tumorzelle Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126715 ER - TY - THES A1 - Heilmann, Katrin Monika T1 - Pulmonale Strahlenreaktion und Tumoransprechen nach stereotaktischer Bestrahlung von Lungentumoren : Eine computertomographische Verlaufsbeobachtung T1 - Pulmonary injury and tumor response after stereotactic body radiation therapy. Results of a follow-up CT study N2 - Die hypofraktionierte stereotaktische Bestrahlung erlaubt eine präzise hochdosierte und kleinvolumige Radiotherapie umschriebender Raumforderungen mit Tumorkontrollen größer 90% bei peripheren Lungentumoren. Berichtet wird über 70 Patienten mit 86 pulmonalen Läsionen in der Lunge (35 Bronchialkarzinome NSCLC, 51 Metastasen), die zwischen 1997 und 2005 an der Klinik für Strahlentherapie (Universität Würzburg) stereotaktisch bestrahlt wurden. Die Patienten wurden hypofraktioniert mit 3 x 10-12,5 Gy oder mit 1 x 26 Gy (Einzeitbestrahlung) therapiert. Die Morpholgie der pulmonalen Strahlenreaktion sowie deren zeitlicher Verlauf wurden ebenso wie das Tumoransprechen anhand von 346 Verlauf-CTs qualitativ und semiquantitativ ausgewertet. In der Diskussion wurden diese Ergebnisse mit Publikationen zu diesem Thema nach konventioneller Bestrahlung verglichen. Es zeigte sich eine günstiges Verhältnis zwischen Tumorwirksamkeit und Strahlenpneumonitis. N2 - The purpose was to evaluate the CT morphological pattern of tumor response and pulmonary injury after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pulmonary metastases. Seventy patients (lesions n = 86) with pulmonary metastases (n = 51) or primary early stage NSCLC (n = 35) were analyzed. Patients were treated with hypofractionated SBRT (3 x 10-12,5 Gy; n = 53) or with radiosurgery (1 x 26 Gy; n = 33). The pattern and sequence of pulmonary injury and of tumor response was evaluated in 346 follow-up CT studies, 4.7 on average. No pulmonary reaction was observed in most patients six weeks after treatment. Spotted-streaky condensations were characteristic between three and six months. Dense consolidation and retraction started after nine months. At twelve months complete response was seen in 43% and the differentiation of residual tumor from pulmonary reaction was not possible in 33%. KW - Strahlentherapie KW - Strahlentherapie KW - stereotaktische Bestrahlung KW - Lunge KW - Strahlenpneumonitis KW - Radiotherapy KW - stereotactic body radiation therapy KW - lung KW - radiation pneumonitis Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-26452 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fischer, Thomas A1 - Hartmann, Oliver A1 - Reissland, Michaela A1 - Prieto-Garcia, Cristian A1 - Klann, Kevin A1 - Pahor, Nikolett A1 - Schülein-Völk, Christina A1 - Baluapuri, Apoorva A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Abazari, Arya A1 - Gerhard-Hartmann, Elena A1 - Kopp, Hans-Georg A1 - Essmann, Frank A1 - Rosenfeldt, Mathias A1 - Münch, Christian A1 - Flentje, Michael A1 - Diefenbacher, Markus E. T1 - PTEN mutant non-small cell lung cancer require ATM to suppress pro-apoptotic signalling and evade radiotherapy JF - Cell & Bioscience N2 - Background Despite advances in treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, carriers of certain genetic alterations are prone to failure. One such factor frequently mutated, is the tumor suppressor PTEN. These tumors are supposed to be more resistant to radiation, chemo- and immunotherapy. Results We demonstrate that loss of PTEN led to altered expression of transcriptional programs which directly regulate therapy resistance, resulting in establishment of radiation resistance. While PTEN-deficient tumor cells were not dependent on DNA-PK for IR resistance nor activated ATR during IR, they showed a significant dependence for the DNA damage kinase ATM. Pharmacologic inhibition of ATM, via KU-60019 and AZD1390 at non-toxic doses, restored and even synergized with IR in PTEN-deficient human and murine NSCLC cells as well in a multicellular organotypic ex vivo tumor model. Conclusion PTEN tumors are addicted to ATM to detect and repair radiation induced DNA damage. This creates an exploitable bottleneck. At least in cellulo and ex vivo we show that low concentration of ATM inhibitor is able to synergise with IR to treat PTEN-deficient tumors in genetically well-defined IR resistant lung cancer models. KW - PTEN KW - ATM KW - IR KW - NSCLC KW - radiotherapy KW - cancer KW - DNA-PK KW - PI3K Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-299865 SN - 2045-3701 VL - 12 ER - TY - THES A1 - Seufert, Julia T1 - Präoperative Bestrahlung zur Prävention heterotoper Ossifikation nach Hüftgelenksendoprothese T1 - Prevention of ectopic ossification by means of preoperative irradiation concerning hip replacement N2 - Prävention heterotoper Ossifikation durch einmalige präoperative Bestrahlung mittels 7Gy bei Hüftgelenksendoprohtesen. N2 - Prevention of heterotopic ossification by means of preoperative operation with 7Gy concerning hip replacement. KW - Heterotope Ossifikation KW - Prevention KW - Präoperative Bestrahlung KW - Hüftgelenksprothese KW - heterotopic ossification KW - prevention KW - praeoperative irradiation KW - hip replacement Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-12570 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Steinmann, Diana A1 - Paelecke-Habermann, Yvonne A1 - Geinitz, Hans A1 - Aschoff, Raimund A1 - Bayerl, Anja A1 - Bölling, Tobias A1 - Bosch, Elisabeth A1 - Bruns, Frank A1 - Eichenseder-Seiss, Ute A1 - Gerstein, Johanna A1 - Gharbi, Nadine A1 - Hagg, Juliane A1 - Hipp, Matthias A1 - Kleff, Irmgard A1 - Müller, Axel A1 - Schäfer, Christof A1 - Schleicher, Ursula A1 - Sehlen, Susanne A1 - Theodorou, Marilena A1 - Wypior, Hans-Joachim A1 - Zehentmayr, Franz A1 - van Oorschot, Birgitt A1 - Vordermark, Dirk T1 - Prospective evaluation of quality of life effects in patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: Recently published results of quality of life (QoL) studies indicated different outcomes of palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases. This prospective multi-center QoL study of patients with brain metastases was designed to investigate which QoL domains improve or worsen after palliative radiotherapy and which might provide prognostic information. Methods: From 01/2007-01/2009, n=151 patients with previously untreated brain metastases were recruited at 14 centers in Germany and Austria. Most patients (82 %) received whole-brain radiotherapy. QoL was measured with the EORTC-QLQ-C15-PAL and brain module BN20 before the start of radiotherapy and after 3 months. Results: At 3 months, 88/142 (62 %) survived. Nine patients were not able to be followed up. 62 patients (70.5 % of 3-month survivors) completed the second set of questionnaires. Three months after the start of radiotherapy QoL deteriorated significantly in the areas of global QoL, physical function, fatigue, nausea, pain, appetite loss, hair loss, drowsiness, motor dysfunction, communication deficit and weakness of legs. Although the use of corticosteroid at 3 months could be reduced compared to pre-treatment (63 % vs. 37 %), the score for headaches remained stable. Initial QoL at the start of treatment was better in those alive than in those deceased at 3 months, significantly for physical function, motor dysfunction and the symptom scales fatigue, pain, appetite loss and weakness of legs. In a multivariate model, lower Karnofsky performance score, higher age and higher pain ratings before radiotherapy were prognostic of 3-month survival. Conclusions: Moderate deterioration in several QoL domains was predominantly observed three months after start of palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases. Future studies will need to address the individual subjective benefit or burden from such treatment. Baseline QoL scores before palliative radiotherapy for brain metastases may contain prognostic information. KW - breast cancer KW - brain tumours KW - survival KW - validation KW - symptoms KW - EORTC-QLQ-C15-PAL KW - EORTC-BN20 KW - whole-brain radiotherapy KW - partitioning analysis RPA KW - cancer patients KW - lung cancer KW - prognostic index KW - radiation oncology KW - clinical trials Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135254 VL - 12 IS - 283 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tamihardja, Jörg A1 - Lawrenz, Ingulf A1 - Lutyj, Paul A1 - Weick, Stefan A1 - Guckenberger, Matthias A1 - Polat, Bülent A1 - Flentje, Michael T1 - Propensity score-matched analysis comparing dose-escalated intensity-modulated radiation therapy versus external beam radiation therapy plus high-dose-rate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer JF - Strahlentherapie und Onkologie N2 - Purpose Dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and EBRT + high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost are guideline-recommended treatment options for localized prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to compare long-term outcome and toxicity of dose-escalated EBRT versus EBRT + HDR-BT boost. Methods From 2002 to 2019, 744 consecutive patients received either EBRT or EBRT + HDR-BT boost, of whom 516 patients were propensity score matched. Median follow-up was 95.3 months. Cone beam CT image-guided EBRT consisted of 33 fractions of intensity-modulated radiation therapy with simultaneous integrated boost up to 76.23 Gy (D\(_{Mean}\)). Combined treatment was delivered as 46 Gy (D\(_{Mean}\)) EBRT, followed by two fractions HDR-BT boost with 9 Gy (D\(_{90\%}\)). Propensity score matching was applied before analysis of the primary endpoint, estimated 10-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS), and the secondary endpoints metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS). Prognostic parameters were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard modelling. Genitourinary (GU)/gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity evaluation used the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (v5.0). Results The estimated 10-year bRFS was 82.0% vs. 76.4% (p = 0.075) for EBRT alone versus combined treatment, respectively. The estimated 10-year MFS was 82.9% vs. 87.0% (p = 0.195) and the 10-year OS was 65.7% vs. 68.9% (p = 0.303), respectively. Cumulative 5‑year late GU ≥ grade 2 toxicities were seen in 23.6% vs. 19.2% (p = 0.086) and 5‑year late GI ≥ grade 2 toxicities in 11.1% vs. 5.0% of the patients (p = 0.002); cumulative 5‑year late grade 3 GU toxicity occurred in 4.2% vs. 3.6% (p = 0.401) and GI toxicity in 1.0% vs. 0.3% (p = 0.249), respectively. Conclusion Both treatment groups showed excellent long-term outcomes with low rates of severe toxicity. KW - long-term outcome KW - dose escalation KW - high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost KW - propensity score matching KW - toxicity Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325055 VL - 198 IS - 8 ER -