TY  - JOUR
A1  - Berg, Stefan
A1  - Schelling, Esther
A1  - Hailu, Elena
A1  - Firdessa, Rebuma
A1  - Gumi, Balako
A1  - Erenso, Girume
A1  - Gadisa, Endalamaw
A1  - Mengistu, Araya
A1  - Habtamu, Meseret
A1  - Hussein, Jemal
A1  - Kiros, Teklu
A1  - Bekele, Shiferaw
A1  - Mekonnen, Wondale
A1  - Derese, Yohannes
A1  - Zinsstag, Jakob
A1  - Ameni, Gobena
A1  - Gagneux, Sebastien
A1  - Robertson, Brian D
A1  - Tschopp, Rea
A1  - Hewinson, Glyn
A1  - Yamuah, Lawrence
A1  - Gordon, Stephen V
A1  - Aseffa, Abraham
T1  - Investigation of the high rates of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia reveals no single driving factor and minimal evidence for zoonotic transmission of Mycobacterium bovis infection
JF  - BMC Infectious Diseases
N2  - Background: 
Ethiopia, a high tuberculosis (TB) burden country, reports one of the highest incidence rates of extra-pulmonary TB dominated by cervical lymphadenitis (TBLN). Infection with Mycobacterium bovis has previously been excluded as the main reason for the high rate of extra-pulmonary TB in Ethiopia. 

Methods: 
Here we examined demographic and clinical characteristics of 953 pulmonary (PTB) and 1198 TBLN patients visiting 11 health facilities in distinct geographic areas of Ethiopia. Clinical characteristics were also correlated with genotypes of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 

Results: 
No major patient or bacterial strain factor could be identified as being responsible for the high rate of TBLN, and there was no association with HIV infection. However, analysis of the demographic data of involved patients showed that having regular and direct contact with live animals was more associated with TBLN than with PTB, although no M. bovis was isolated from patients with TBLN. Among PTB patients, those infected with Lineage 4 reported "contact with other TB patient" more often than patients infected with Lineage 3 did (OR = 1.6, CI 95% 1.0-2.7; p = 0.064). High fever, in contrast to low and moderate fever, was significantly associated with Lineage 4 (OR = 2.3; p = 0.024). On the other hand, TBLN cases infected with Lineage 4 tended to get milder symptoms overall for the constitutional symptoms than those infected with Lineage 3. 

Conclusions: 
The study suggests a complex role for multiple interacting factors in the epidemiology of extra-pulmonary TB in Ethiopia, including factors that can only be derived from population-based studies, which may prove to be significant for TB control in Ethiopia.
KW  - zoonotic
KW  - Mycobacterium
KW  - Ethiopia
KW  - tuberculosis
KW  - Bovis
KW  - pulmonary
KW  - extrapulmonary
KW  - lymphadenitis
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143935
VL  - 15
IS  - 112
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kablau, Arne
A1  - Berg, Stefan
A1  - Rutschmann, Benjamin
A1  - Scheiner, Ricarda
T1  - Short-term hyperthermia at larval age reduces sucrose responsiveness of adult honeybees and can increase life span
JF  - Apidologie
N2  - Honeybees are very sensitive to their breeding temperature. Even slightly lower temperatures during larval development can significantly affect adult behavior. Several devices which are employed for killing the honeybee ectoparasite Varroa destructor rely on short-term hyperthermia in the honeybee hive. The device used here applies 43.7 °C for 2 h, which is highly effective in killing the mites. We study how short-term hyperthermia affects worker brood and behavior of emerging adult bees. Sucrose responsiveness was strongly reduced after treatment of larvae early or late of larval development. Hyperthermia significantly enhanced life span, particularly in bees receiving treated early in larval development. To ask whether increased life span correlated with foraging performance, we used radio frequency identification (RFID). Onset and offset of foraging behavior as well as foraging trip duration and lifetime foraging effort were unaffected by hyperthermia treatment as prepupa.
KW  - temperature
KW  - Varroa destructor
KW  - worker behavior
KW  - Apis mellifera
KW  - RFID
KW  - température
KW  - Varroa destructor
KW  - comportement des travailleurs
KW  - Apis mellifera
KW  - RFID
KW  - Temperatur
KW  - Varroa destructor
KW  - Bienenverhalten
KW  - Apis mellifera
KW  - RFID
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232462
SN  - 0044-8435
VL  - 51
ER  -