TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lutz, Manfred B.
A1  - Strobl, Herbert
A1  - Schuler, Gerold
A1  - Romani, Nikolaus
T1  - GM-CSF monocyte-derived cells and Langerhans cells as part of the dendritic cell family
JF  - Frontiers in Immunology
N2  - Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mph) share many characteristics as components of the innate immune system. The criteria to classify the multitude of subsets within the mononuclear phagocyte system are currently phenotype, ontogeny, transcription patterns, epigenetic adaptations, and function. More recently, ontogenetic, transcriptional, and proteomic research approaches uncovered major developmental differences between Flt3L-dependent conventional DCs as compared with Mphs and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs), the latter mainly generated in vitro from murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) or human CD14\(^{+}\) peripheral blood monocytes. Conversely, in vitro GM-CSF-dependent monocyte-derived Mphs largely resemble MoDCs whereas tissue-resident Mphs show a common embryonic origin from yolk sac and fetal liver with Langerhans cells (LCs). The novel ontogenetic findings opened discussions on the terminology of DCs versus Mphs. Here, we bring forward arguments to facilitate definitions of BM-DCs, MoDCs, and LCs. We propose a group model of terminology for all DC subsets that attempts to encompass both ontogeny and function.
KW  - macrophages
KW  - dendritic cells
KW  - GM-CSF
KW  - monocytes
KW  - Langerhans cells
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158730
VL  - 8
IS  - 1388
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schierer, Stefan
A1  - Ostalecki, Christian
A1  - Zinser, Elisabeth
A1  - Lamprecht, Ricarda
A1  - Plosnita, Bianca
A1  - Stich, Lena
A1  - Doerrie, Jan
A1  - Lutz, Manfred B
A1  - Schuler, Gerold
A1  - Baur, Andreas S
T1  - Extracellular vesicles from mature dendritic cells (DC) differentiate monocytes into immature DC
JF  - Life Science Alliance
N2  - During inflammation, murine and human monocytes can develop into dendritic cells (DC), but this process is not entirely understood. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by mature human DC (maDC) differentiate peripheral monocytes into immature DC, expressing a unique marker pattern, including 6-sulfo LacNAc (slan), Zbtb46, CD64, and CD14. While EV from both maDC and immature DC differentiated monocytes similar to GM-CSF/IL-4 stimulation, only maDC-EV produced precursors, which upon maturation stimulus developed into T-cell-activating and IL-12p70-secreting maDC. Mechanistically, maDC-EV induced cell signaling through GM-CSF, which was abundant in EV as were IL-4 and other cytokines and chemokines. When injected into the mouse skin, murine maDC-EV attracted immune cells including monocytes that developed activation markers typical for inflammatory cells. Skin-injected EV also reached lymph nodes, causing a similar immune cell infiltration. We conclude that DC-derived EV likely serve to perpetuate an immune reaction and may contribute to chronic inflammation.
KW  - medical research
KW  - immunology
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228587
VL  - 1
IS  - 6
ER  -