TY - THES A1 - Akhrif, Atae T1 - The BOLD Signal is more than a Brain Activation Index T1 - Das BOLD Signal ist mehr als ein Maß für Hirnaktivierung N2 - In the recent years, translational studies comparing imaging data of animals and humans have gained increasing scientific interests with crucial findings stemming from both, human and animal work. In order to harmonize statistical analyses of data from different species and to optimize the transfer of knowledge between them, shared data acquisition protocols and combined statistical approaches have to be identified. Following this idea, methods of data analysis, which have until now mainly been used to model neural responses of electrophysiological recordings from rodent data, were applied on human hemodynamic responses (i.e. Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent BOLD signal) as measured via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). At the example of two attention and impulsivity networks, timing dynamics and amplitude of the fMRI signal were determined (study 1). Study 2 described the same parameters frequency-specifically, and in study 3, the complexity of neural processing was quantified in terms of fractality. Determined parameters were compared with regard to the subjects’ task performance / impulsivity to validate findings with regard to reports of the current scientific debate. In a general discussion, overlapping as well as additional information of methodological approaches were discussed with regard to its potential for biomarkers in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders. N2 - In den letzten Jahren haben translationale Studien, in denen Befunde von Tieren und Menschen direkt verglichen werden, zunehmend an wissenschaftlichem Interesse gewonnen. Um statistische Analysen von Daten verschiedener Spezies zu harmonisieren und somit den Wissenstransfer zu optimieren, müssen gemeinsame Datenerfassungsprotokolle sowie kombinierte statistische Ansätze identifiziert werden. Diesem Gedanken folgend werden in dieser Arbeit Methoden der Datenanalyse, die bisher hauptsächlich zur Modellierung neuronaler Antworten aus elektrophysiologischer Aufzeichnungen bei Nagetierdaten verwendet wurden, auf hämodynamische Antworten (d.h. Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent BOLD-Signal), welche mittels funktionaler Magnetresonanztomo-graphie (fMRT) gemessen werden, im Menschen angewendet. Am Beispiel zweier Aufmerksamkeits- und Impulsivitätsnetzwerke wurden der zeitliche Verlauf und Amplitude des fMRI-Signals bestimmt (Studie 1). In Studie 2 wurden die gleichen Parameter frequenzspezifisch ausgewertet, und in Studie 3 wurde die Komplexität neuronaler Verarbeitung anhand von Fraktalität quantifiziert. Die ermittelten Parameter wurden hinsichtlich der Task Performance / Impulsivität der Probanden verglichen, um die Ergebnisse im Kontext von Befunden aus der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Debatte zu validieren. In einer allgemeinen Diskussion wurden sowohl überlappende als auch zusätzliche Informationen zu methodischen Ansätzen hinsichtlich ihres Potenzials für Biomarker im Zusammenhang mit neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen diskutiert. KW - funktionelle Kernspintomographie KW - BOLD signal KW - fMRI time series Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207299 N1 - Aus datenschutzrechtlichen Gründen wurde der Zugriff auf den Volltext zu diesem Dokument gesperrt. Eine inhaltlich identische neue Version ist erhältlich unter: https://doi.org/10.25972/OPUS-32287 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Akhundzadah, Noor Ahmad A1 - Soltani, Salim A1 - Aich, Valentin T1 - Impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Kunduz River Basin, Afghanistan JF - Climate N2 - The Kunduz River is one of the main tributaries of the Amu Darya Basin in North Afghanistan. Many communities live in the Kunduz River Basin (KRB), and its water resources have been the basis of their livelihoods for many generations. This study investigates climate change impacts on the KRB catchment. Rare station data are, for the first time, used to analyze systematic trends in temperature, precipitation, and river discharge over the past few decades, while using Mann–Kendall and Theil–Sen trend statistics. The trends show that the hydrology of the basin changed significantly over the last decades. A comparison of landcover data of the river basin from 1992 and 2019 shows significant changes that have additional impact on the basin hydrology, which are used to interpret the trend analysis. There is considerable uncertainty due to the data scarcity and gaps in the data, but all results indicate a strong tendency towards drier conditions. An extreme warming trend, partly above 2 °C since the 1960s in combination with a dramatic precipitation decrease by more than −30% lead to a strong decrease in river discharge. The increasing glacier melt compensates the decreases and leads to an increase in runoff only in the highland parts of the upper catchment. The reduction of water availability and the additional stress on the land leads to a strong increase of barren land and a reduction of vegetation cover. The detected trends and changes in the basin hydrology demand an active management of the already scarce water resources in order to sustain water supply for agriculture and ecosystems in the KRB. KW - climate change KW - Kunduz River Basin KW - trend analysis KW - river discharge KW - landcover changes Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213199 SN - 2225-1154 VL - 8 IS - 10 ER - TY - THES A1 - Al Yousef, Yousef T1 - Retrospektiver Vergleich eines trabekulären Bypass Stents der zweiten Generation (iStent inject) zur ab-interno Trabekulektomie (Trabectome) mittels Exact Matching T1 - Retrospective Comparison of a second-generation trabecular bypass (iStent inject) to ab interno trabeculectomy (Trabectome) by exact matching N2 - Abstract Purpose To achieve a highly balanced comparison of trabecular bypass stenting (IS2, iStent inject) with ab interno trabeculectomy (T, Trabectome) by exact matching. Methods Fifty-three IS2 eyes were matched to 3446 T eyes. Patients were matched using exact matching by baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of glaucoma medications, and glaucoma type, and using nearest neighbor matching by age. Individuals without a close match were excluded. All surgeries were combined with phacoemulsification. Results A total of 78 eyes (39 in each group) could be matched as exact pairs with a baseline IOP of 18.3 ± 5.1 mmHg and glaucoma medications of 2.7 ± 1.2 in each. IOP in IS2 was reduced to 14.6 ± 4.2 mmHg at 3 months and in T to a minimum of 13.1 ± 3.2 mmHg at 1 month. In IS2, IOP began to rise again at 6 months, eventually exceeding baseline. At 24 months, IOP in IS2 was 18.8 ± 9.0 mmHg and in T 14.2 ± 3.5 mmHg. IS2 had a higher average IOP than T at all postoperative visits (p < 0.05 at 1, 12, 18 months). Glaucoma medications decreased to 2.0 ± 1.5 in IS2 and to 1.5 ± 1.4 in T. Conclusion T resulted in a larger and sustained IOP reduction compared with IS2 where a rebound occurred after 6 months to slightly above preoperative values. N2 - Das Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war der Vergleich zwischen den zwei am häufigsten durchgeführten mikroinzisionalen Glaukomoperationen (Trabectome und iStent inject) in Bezug auf die Reduktion des Augeninnendrucks und der Anzahl der Glaukommedikamente, da diese operative Verfahren zunehmend eine Alternative für die traditionellen Glaukomoperationen in den verschiedenen Glaukomstadien darstellen. In dieser Studie wurden alle Patienten eingeschlossen, die in der Zeit zwischen Januar 2008 und März 2018 in unserer Klinik und Satelliten entweder Trabectome oder iStent inject bekommen haben. Die beiden Gruppen wurden in allen Fällen mit Phakoemulsifikation und Intraokularlinsenimplantation kombiniert. Um die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Exact Matching mit den neuen iStent inject zu erhöhen, wo nur wenige Daten existieren, wurden die verfügbaren Daten von iStent inject mit Daten von 3446 Patienten aus der Datenbank der Trabectome Study Group gematcht. Der postoperative Beobachtungszeitraum betrug 24 Monate. Bei jedem Patienten wurden in dieser Zeit der Augeninnendruck und die Anzahl der Glaukommedikamente analysiert. Die zwei exakt gematchten Gruppen hatten den gleichen präoperativen Augeninnendruck von 18,3 ± 5,1 mmHg und die gleiche Anzahl der präoperativ angewendeten Glaukommedikamente von 2,7 ± 1,2. In der iStent inject Gruppe wurde ein Augeninnendruck von 14,6 ± 4,2 mmHg nach drei Monaten erreicht, der zunehmend im Verlauf ab dem sechsten Monat stieg und über dem Basisdurchschnitt am Ende der Studie lag (18,8 ± 9,0 mmHg). In der Trabectome Gruppe war der Augeninnendruck nach einem Monat auf ein Minimum von 13,1 ± 3,2 mmHg reduziert und er blieb während der gesamten Beobachtungszeit in diesem Niveau (14,2 ± 3,5 mmHg nach 24 Monaten). Die Trabectome Gruppe hatte bei allen postoperativen Nachkontrollen einen durchschnittlich niedrigeren Augeninnendruck als in der iStent inject Gruppe. In der iStent inject Gruppe sank die Anzahl der Glaukommedikamente bis zum dritten Monat auf 1,7 ± 1,4, und dann stieg sie ab dem sechsten Monat an, sodass es im Monat 12 keinen signifikanten Unterschied im Vergleich zur präoperativen Medikamentenanzahl mehr gab (2,0 ± 1,5 nach 24 Monaten). In der Trabectome Gruppe sanken die Glaukommedikamente von der exakt gematchten Zahl der Patienten von 2,7 ± 1,2 zum Studienbeginn auf 1,6 ± 1,3 in sechs Monaten und auf 1,5 ± 1,4 nach 24 Monaten. Unter Verwendung der Erfolgsdefinition, die üblicherweise für die mikroinzisionalen Glaukomoperationen angewendet wird (eine Augeninnendrucksenkung um ≥ 20 % des Ausgangsdrucks oder ein Augeninnendruck von < 21 mmHg), erreichten 97 % der Patienten der Trabectome Gruppe und 95 % der Patienten der iStent inject Gruppe dieses Ziel. Dieser ausgewogene Vergleich zwischen den zwei Gruppen mittels Exact Matchings zeigte, dass die Senkung des Augeninnendrucks und der Anzahl der Glaukommedikamente bei Trabectome größer und anhaltender ist als bei iStent inject. KW - Glaucoma surgery KW - iStent KW - Trabecular bypass stent KW - Trabectome KW - Ab interno trabeculectomy KW - Exact matching Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216623 PB - Graefs Archiv for clinical and experimental ophthalmology ER - TY - THES A1 - Al-Nasser, Mohammed Mohammed Ali T1 - Vergleich der peroralen endoskopischen Myotomie (POEM) und der laparoskopischen Heller Myotomie (LHM) in der Therapie der primär idiopathischen Achalasie und anderer Ösophagusmotilitätsstörungen T1 - Comparison of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) in the therapy of primary idiopathic achalasia and other esophageal motility disorders N2 - Hier wird über den objektiven Vergleich der Kurz- und Langzeitergebnisse, die mit der laparoskopischen Heller-Myotomie plus Dor-Fundoplikatio (LHM + Dor) und der per-oralen endoskopischen Myotomie (POEM) an einer einzigen Institution erzielt wurden und über die Entwicklung eines "maßgeschneiderten Ansatzes" berichtet. Die laparosko-pischen Heller Myotomie (LHM) gilt aktuell als das Standardverfahren zur Therapie der Achalasie. Die perorale endoskopische Myotomie (POEM) bietet eine neue Alternative zur Durchführung der Heller-Myotomie auf endoskopischem und natural orifice translu-minal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) Wege. Wir berichten über unsere unselektierte konsekutive Patientenserien (n = 238), die zwi-schen 2009 und 2017 entweder einer LHM + Dor Prozedur (n = 100) oder einer POEM Operation (n = 138) unterzogen wurden. Es gab keine Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Behandlungserfolgs (Eckardt-Score ≤ 3) nach 3 - 6 Monaten (LHM: 90,1% vs. POEM: 90,5%; p = 0,735), 12 Monate (LHM 84,4% vs. POEM 84,0%; p = 0,766 und> 2 Jahre (LHM 81,1% vs. POEM 79,2%; p = 0,432). Die Verbesserung der Lebensqualität (GIQLI-Score) und die Patientenzufriedenheit waren in beiden Gruppen ebenfalls ver-gleichbar gut (~ 90%) und zu jedem Zeitpunkt der Nachbeobachtung. Refluxraten sind ebenfalls ähnlich (Sodbrennen LHM: 32,9% vs. POEM: 30,1%; Ösophagitis LHM: 16,3% vs. POEM: 14,6%; PPI-Aufnahme 21,2% vs. 32,5%, pathologischer pH-Wert -Meter-LHM: 8,8% vs. POEM: 23,3%) ohne Signifikanz der Unterschiede. Die „maßgeschneiderte Verfahrenswahl POEM vs. LHM“ könnte geeignet sein und sollte in weiteren Studien weiter untersucht werden. N2 - This article reports on the objective comparison of the short and long-term results obtained with the laparoscopic Heller myotomy plus Dor fundoplication (LHM + Dor) and per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) at a single institution and on the development of a " tailored approach". The laparoscopic Heller Myotomy (LHM) is currently considered the standard procedure for the treatment of achalasia. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) offers a new alternative to Heller myotomy by endoscopic and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). We report on our unselected consecutive patient series (n = 238) who underwent either an LHM + Dor procedure (n = 100) or POEM surgery (n = 138) between 2009 and 2017. There were no differences in treatment success (Eckardt-Score ≤ 3) after 3 - 6 months (LHM: 90.1% vs. POEM: 90.5%; p = 0.735), 12 months (LHM 84.4% vs.POEM 84.0%; p = 0.766 and> 2 years (LHM 81.1% vs. POEM 79.2%; p = 0.432). The improvement of quality of life (GIQLI-Score) and patient satisfaction were also comparably good (~ 90%) in both groups and at all times of follow-up. Reflux rates are also similar (heartburn LHM: 32.9% vs. POEM: 30.1%; esophagitis LHM: 16.3% vs. POEM: 14.6%; PPI uptake 21.2% vs. 32.5%, pathological pH meter-LHM: 8.8% vs. POEM: 23.3%) without significance of the differences. The "tailored approach for choosing the procedure POEM vs. LHM" might be appropriate and should be further investigated in further studies. KW - Achalasie KW - Perorale endoskopische Myotomie (POEM) KW - Laparoskopische Heller Myotomie (LHM) KW - POEM vs. LHM bei Achalasie Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204319 ER - TY - THES A1 - Alkhargi, Manuel T1 - Cancer And Living Meaningfully: eine qualitative Studie zur Treatment Integrity der CALM-Therapie im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollbedingung T1 - Cancer And Living Meaningfully: a qualitative study on the treatment integrity of the CALM intervention compared to a control condition N2 - Hintergrund: Circa ein Drittel der Patientinnen und Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankungen ist von psychischen Komorbiditäten betroffen und circa die Hälfte weist eine psychische Belastung im klinisch signifikanten Bereich auf. Zur psychotherapeutischen Behandlung dieser Patientengruppe stehen unterschiedliche psychotherapeutische Interventionen zur Verfügung. Die CALM-Therapie, eine manualisierte Kurzintervention im Einzelsetting, ist eine dieser Interventionen. Hier bilden vier Module, welche auf den wichtigsten Anliegen und Belastungsfaktoren von Patientinnen und Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankungen basieren, den inhaltlichen Rahmen. Ziel: Die Treatment Integrity beschreibt das Maß, inwieweit eine psychotherapeutische Intervention wie vorgesehen umgesetzt wurde. Für eine fundierte Interpretation psychotherapeutischer Interventionseffekte sind Kenntnisse über die Treatment Integrity entscheidend. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte Teilaspekte der Treatment Integrity durchgeführter CALM-Therapien im Vergleich zu durchgeführten konventionellen psychoonkologischen Therapien, um einen Beitrag zu einer fundierten Interpretation von Interventionseffekten der CALM-Therapie zu leisten. Methoden: Transkriptionen von zwei CALM-Therapien und zwei Therapien einer konventionellen psychoonkologischen Intervention wurden anhand einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach P. Mayring untersucht. Im Zentrum stand hierbei ein selbst entwickeltes Kategoriensystem zur Analyse des gesamten Textmaterials. Zusätzlich wurden Auffälligkeiten bezüglich Ansprachen von Themenbereichen der CALM-Module unsystematisch beobachtet. Ergebnisse: Die Inhalte der untersuchten CALM-Therapien bezogen sich durchschnittlich zu 99,54% und die der konventionellen psychoonkologischen Therapien durchschnittlich zu 98,71% auf die Themenbereiche der CALM-Module. Die ermittelten Werte für einzelne Therapiesitzungen lagen für CALM-Sitzungen zwischen 98,12% und 100% und für Sitzungen der konventionellen psychoonkologischen Therapie zwischen 96,20% und 100%. Unsystematisch beobachtete Auffälligkeiten zeigten, dass die Themenbereiche der CALM-Module zum Teil sehr spezifisch durch die CALM-Therapeutinnen und -Therapeuten angesprochen und vernetzt wurden. Schlussfolgerung: Unter Berücksichtigung von methodischen Grenzen zeigte sich bezüglich des Anteils von Themenbereichen der CALM-Module innerhalb der beiden untersuchten Therapiegruppen kein maßgeblicher Unterschied. Zusätzlich liefert die vorliegende Arbeit Hinweise für einen spezifischen therapeutischen Umgang mit den Themenbereichen der CALM-Module innerhalb der untersuchten CALM-Therapien. Um ermittelte Interventionseffekte der CALM-Therapie fundiert interpretieren zu können, sollten zukünftige Untersuchungen unterschiedliche Umgangsweisen von Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten der beiden Therapiegruppen mit den Themenbereichen der CALM-Module genauer in den Blick nehmen. N2 - Background: Around one third of patients with cancer is suffering from mental disorders and around one half meets criteria for psychological distress in the clinical range. Various psychotherapeutic interventions are available for the psychotherapeutic treatment of this population of patients. The CALM intervention, a manualized brief individual psychotherapy, is one of these interventions. Four modules, which are based on the most important concerns and sources of distress in advanced cancer populations, form the content framework. Aim: Treatment Integrity describes the extent to which a psychotherapeutic intervention was implemented as intended. Knowledge of Treatment Integrity is essential for a well-founded interpretation of effects of a psychotherapeutic intervention. This study aimed to examine partial aspects of the Treatment Integrity of CALM sessions compared to sessions of a usual psycho-oncological intervention in order to contribute to a well-founded interpretation of specific effects of the CALM intervention. Methods: Transcriptions of two complete CALM therapies and two complete therapies of a usual psycho-oncological intervention were examined using a qualitative content analysis according to P. Mayring. Here, a self-developed system of categories for the analysis of the entire text formed the center. In addition, distinctive features in addressing topics of the CALM modules were observed unsystematically. Results: The content of the examined CALM sessions referred in 99.54%, on average, to the topics of the CALM modulesand , while the content of the usual psycho-oncological sessions referred in 98.71%, on average, to these topics. Determined values for individual sessions ranged between 98.12% and 100% for CALM sessions and between 96.20% and 100% for usual psycho-oncological sessions. Observed distinctive features showed that topics of the CALM modules were sometimes addressed and crosslinked very specifically by the CALM therapists. Conclusion: Taking methodical limits into account, there was no significant difference between the examined CALM session and the sessions of the usual psycho-oncological intervention concerning the percentage of topics of the CALM modules. In addition, the present study provides information for a specific therapeutic handling of topics of the CALM modules within the examined CALM sessions. In order to be able to interpret measured effects of the CALM intervention in a well-founded manner, future examinations should take a closer look at the different ways therapists of both interventions are dealing with the topics of the CALM modules. KW - Psychoonkologie KW - Kurzpsychotherapie KW - Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse KW - Krebs KW - Manualtreue KW - Treatmentdifferenzierung KW - CALM-Therapie KW - Psychotherapieforschung KW - Treatment Integrity KW - Cancer And Living Meaningfully KW - Psychosocial care KW - Mental disorder and cancer Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199390 ER - TY - THES A1 - Alonso Cañizal, Maria Consuelo T1 - Detection of ligand dependent Frizzled conformational changes T1 - Nachweis von Liganden-abhängigen Frizzled Konformationsänderungen N2 - Frizzled (FZD) are highly conserved receptors that belong to class F of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. They are involved in a great variety of processes during embryonic development, organogenesis, and adult tissue homeostasis. In particular, FZD5 is an important therapeutic target due to its involvement in several pathologies, such as tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the activation of FZD receptors and the signal initiation, and their GPCR nature has been debated. In order to investigate the activation mechanism of these receptors, FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer)-based biosensors for FZD5 have been developed and characterized. A cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) was fused to the C-terminus of the receptor and the specific FlAsH-binding sequence (CCPGCC) was inserted within the 2nd or the 3rd intracellular loop. Single-cell FRET experiments performed using one of these sensors, V5-mFZD5-FlAsH436-CFP, reported structural rearrangements in FZD5 upon stimulation with the endogenous ligand WNT-5A. These movements are similar to those observed in other GPCRs using the same technique, which suggests an activation mechanism for FZD reminiscent of GPCRs. Furthermore, stimulation of the FZD5 FRET-based sensor with various recombinant WNT proteins in a microplate FRET reader allowed to obtain concentration-response curves for several ligands, being possible to distinguish between full and partial agonists. This technology allowed to address the selectivity between WNTs and FZD5 using a full-length receptor in living cells. In addition, G protein FRET-based sensors revealed that WNT-5A specifically induced Gαq activation mediated by FZD5, but not Gαi activation. Other WNT proteins were also able to induce Gαq activation, but with lower efficacy than WNT-5A. In addition, a dual DAG/calcium sensor further showed that WNT-5A stimulation led to the activation of the Gαq-dependent signaling pathway mediated by FZD5, which outcome was the activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC) and the release of intracellular calcium. Altogether, these data provide evidence that the activation process of FZD5 resembles the general characteristics of class A and B GPCR activation, and this receptor also mediates the activation of the heterotrimeric Gαq protein and its downstream signaling pathway. In addition, the FZD5 receptor FRET-based sensor provides a valuable tool to characterize the pharmacological properties of WNTs and other potential ligands for this receptor. N2 - Frizzled (FZD) sind hochkonservierte Rezeptoren welche zur Klasse F der G- Protein-gekoppelte Rezeptor Superfamilie gehören. Diese haben wichtige Funktionen in verschiedenen physiologischen Prozessen wie zum Beispiel Embryonalentwicklung, Organogenese und adulte Gewebe-homöostase. FZD5 ist aufgrund seiner Beteiligung an verschiedenen pathologischen Prozessen wie der Tumorgenese ein wichtiges therapeutisches Ziel. Jedoch ist über die Aktivierung und Signalauslösung der FZD Rezeptoren sehr wenig bekannt und deren GPCR Eigenschaften sind umstritten. Um den Aktivierungsmechanismus dieser Rezeptoren zu untersuchen, wurden FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer)-basierte FZD5 Biosensoren entwickelt und charakterisiert. Ein cyan fluoreszierendes Protein (CFP) wurde an den C-Terminus des Rezeptors fusioniert und die FlAsH-bindende Sequenz (CCPGCC) wurde im 2. oder 3. intrazellulären Loop eingefügt. Einzel-zell FRET Versuche mit dem Sensor V5-mFZD5-FlAsH436-CFP haben gezeigt, dass Stimulation mit dem endogenen Ligand WNT-5A zur FZD5 Konformationsänderungen führt. Diese Konformationsänderungen sind ähnlich wie bei anderen GPCRs, was darauf hinweist, dass der FZD Aktivierungsmechanismus vergleichbar mit dem von GPCRs ist. Außerdem wurde der FZD5 FRET-basierter Sensor mit verschiedenen rekombinierten WNT Proteinen stimuliert und mit einem FRET-Platten Reader gemessen, was die Erstellung von Konzentrations - Wirkungskurven und die Unterscheidung zwischen Voll- und Partialagonisten ermöglichte. Diese Methode erlaubte es, die Selektivität zwischen WNTs und FZD5 mittels des Volllängenrezeptors in lebenden Zellen zu untersuchen. Zudem haben G-Protein FRET-basierte Sensoren gezeigt, dass WNT-5A die FZD5 vermittelte Gαq Aktivierung jedoch nicht die Gαi Aktivierung spezifisch induziert. Andere WNT Proteine können auch die Gαq Aktivierung induzieren aber mit geringerer Effizienz als WNT-5A. Ein doppelter DAG/Calcium Sensor hat zudem gezeigt, dass WNT-5A Stimulation zu einer durch FZD5 vermittelten Aktivierung der Gαq-abhängigen Signaltransduktionkaskade führt, was zur Aktivierung der Protein Kinase C (PKC) und zur Freisetzung intrazellulären Calciums führt. Zusammenfassend wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Ähnlichkeit des FZD5 Rezeptors zur Klasse A und B der GPCRs bezüglich allgemeinen Eigenschaften und Aktivierung verdeutlicht. Zudem vermittelt dieser Rezeptor die Aktivierung der Gαq-abhängigen Signaltransduktionkaskade. Ein FZD5 Rezeptor FRET-basierter Sensor stellt ein wertvolles Werkzeug zur pharmakologischen Charakterisierung der WNTs und anderer potentiellen FZD5 Liganden dar. KW - Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer KW - Wnt-Proteine KW - Frizzled 5 KW - WNT KW - FRET Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178335 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - Di Dato, Carla A1 - Modica, Roberta A1 - Bottiglieri, Filomena A1 - Di Sarno, Antonella A1 - Pittaway, James F.H. A1 - Martini, Chiara A1 - Faggiano, Antongiulio A1 - Colao, Annamaria T1 - Bone metabolism and vitamin D implication in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors JF - Nutrients N2 - Patients affected by gastroenteropancreatic–neuroendocrine tumors (GEP–NETs) have an increased risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis, as several factors impact on bone metabolism in these patients. In fact, besides the direct effect of bone metastasis, bone health can be affected by hormone hypersecretion (including serotonin, cortisol, and parathyroid hormone-related protein), specific microRNAs, nutritional status (which in turn could be affected by medical and surgical treatments), and vitamin D deficiency. In patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a hereditary syndrome associated with NET occurrence, bone damage may carry other consequences. Osteoporosis may negatively impact on the quality of life of these patients and can increment the cost of medical care since these patients usually live with their disease for a long time. However, recommendations suggesting screening to assess bone health in GEP–NET patients are missing. The aim of this review is to critically analyze evidence on the mechanisms that could have a potential impact on bone health in patients affected by GEP–NET, focusing on vitamin D and its role in GEP–NET, as well as on factors associated with MEN1 that could have an impact on bone homeostasis. KW - bone KW - vitamin D KW - neuroendocrine tumor KW - osteoporosis KW - mineral bone density KW - cortisol KW - serotonin KW - miRNA KW - MEN1 KW - therapy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203823 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 12 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Altieri, Barbara A1 - Sbiera, Silviu A1 - Herterich, Sabine A1 - De Francia, Silvia A1 - Della Casa, Silvia A1 - Calabrese, Anna A1 - Pontecorvi, Alfredo A1 - Quinkler, Marcus A1 - Kienitz, Tina A1 - Mannelli, Massimo A1 - Canu, Letizia A1 - Angelousi, Anna A1 - Chortis, Vasileios A1 - Kroiss, Matthias A1 - Terzolo, Massimo A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Ronchi, Cristina L. T1 - Effects of Germline CYP2W1*6 and CYP2B6*6 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Mitotane Treatment in Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Multicenter ENSAT Study JF - Cancers N2 - Mitotane is the only approved drug for advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and no biomarkers are available to predict attainment of therapeutic plasma concentrations and clinical response. Aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of cytochrome P450(CYP)2W1 and CYP2B6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as biomarkers. A multicenter cohort study including 182 ACC patients (F/M = 121/61) treated with mitotane monotherapy after radical resection (group A, n = 103) or in not completely resectable, recurrent or advanced disease (group B, n = 79) was performed. CYP2W1*2, CYP2W1*6, CYP2B6*6 and CYP2B6 rs4803419 were genotyped in germline DNA. Mitotane blood levels were measured regularly. Response to therapy was evaluated as time to progression (TTP) and disease control rate (DCR). Among investigated SNPs, CYP2W1*6 and CYP2B6*6 correlated with mitotane treatment only in group B. Patients with CYP2W1*6 (n = 21) achieved less frequently therapeutic mitotane levels (>14 mg/L) than those with wild type (WT) allele (76.2% vs 51.7%, p = 0.051) and experienced shorter TTP (HR = 2.10, p = 0.019) and lower DCR (chi-square = 6.948, p = 0.008). By contrast, 55% of patients with CYP2B6*6 vs. 28.2% WT (p = 0.016) achieved therapeutic range. Combined, a higher rate of patients with CYP2W1*6WT+CYP2B6*6 (60.6%) achieved mitotane therapeutic range (p = 0.034). In not completely resectable, recurrent or advanced ACC, CYP2W1*6 SNP was associated with a reduced probability to reach mitotane therapeutic range and lower response rates, whereas CYP2B6*6 correlated with higher mitotane levels. The association of these SNPs may predict individual response to mitotane. KW - adrenocortical carcinoma KW - mitotane KW - CYP2W1 KW - CYP2B6 KW - SNP KW - biomarker KW - predictive marker Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200565 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 12 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alzheimer, Mona A1 - Svensson, Sarah L. A1 - König, Fabian A1 - Schweinlin, Matthias A1 - Metzger, Marco A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Sharma, Cynthia M. T1 - A three-dimensional intestinal tissue model reveals factors and small regulatory RNAs important for colonization with Campylobacter jejuni JF - PLoS Pathogens N2 - The Gram-negative Epsilonproteobacterium Campylobacter jejuni is currently the most prevalent bacterial foodborne pathogen. Like for many other human pathogens, infection studies with C. jejuni mainly employ artificial animal or cell culture models that can be limited in their ability to reflect the in-vivo environment within the human host. Here, we report the development and application of a human three-dimensional (3D) infection model based on tissue engineering to study host-pathogen interactions. Our intestinal 3D tissue model is built on a decellularized extracellular matrix scaffold, which is reseeded with human Caco-2 cells. Dynamic culture conditions enable the formation of a polarized mucosal epithelial barrier reminiscent of the 3D microarchitecture of the human small intestine. Infection with C. jejuni demonstrates that the 3D tissue model can reveal isolate-dependent colonization and barrier disruption phenotypes accompanied by perturbed localization of cell-cell junctions. Pathogenesis-related phenotypes of C. jejuni mutant strains in the 3D model deviated from those obtained with 2D-monolayers, but recapitulated phenotypes previously observed in animal models. Moreover, we demonstrate the involvement of a small regulatory RNA pair, CJnc180/190, during infections and observe different phenotypes of CJnc180/190 mutant strains in 2D vs. 3D infection models. Hereby, the CJnc190 sRNA exerts its pathogenic influence, at least in part, via repression of PtmG, which is involved in flagellin modification. Our results suggest that the Caco-2 cell-based 3D tissue model is a valuable and biologically relevant tool between in-vitro and in-vivo infection models to study virulence of C. jejuni and other gastrointestinal pathogens. KW - in vitro KW - stem cells KW - invasion KW - host KW - adhesion KW - epithelial cells KW - translocation KW - virulence KW - responses KW - microenvironment Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229454 VL - 16 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ameri, Pietro A1 - Schiattarella, Gabriele Giacomo A1 - Crotti, Lia A1 - Torchio, Margherita A1 - Bertero, Edoardo A1 - Rodolico, Daniele A1 - Forte, Maurizio A1 - Di Mauro, Vittoria A1 - Paolillo, Roberta A1 - Chimenti, Cristina A1 - Torella, Daniele A1 - Catalucci, Daniele A1 - Sciarretta, Sebastiano A1 - Basso, Cristina A1 - Indolfi, Ciro A1 - Perrino, Cinzia T1 - Novel basic science insights to improve the management of heart failure: Review of the working group on cellular and molecular biology of the heart of the Italian Society of Cardiology JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Despite important advances in diagnosis and treatment, heart failure (HF) remains a syndrome with substantial morbidity and dismal prognosis. Although implementation and optimization of existing technologies and drugs may lead to better management of HF, new or alternative strategies are desirable. In this regard, basic science is expected to give fundamental inputs, by expanding the knowledge of the pathways underlying HF development and progression, identifying approaches that may improve HF detection and prognostic stratification, and finding novel treatments. Here, we discuss recent basic science insights that encompass major areas of translational research in HF and have high potential clinical impact. KW - heart failure KW - basic KW - translational KW - research KW - mechanisms Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285085 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andreska, Thomas A1 - Lüningschrör, Patrick A1 - Sendtner, Michael T1 - Regulation of TrkB cell surface expression — a mechanism for modulation of neuronal responsiveness to brain-derived neurotrophic factor JF - Cell and Tissue Research N2 - Neurotrophin signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases is essential for the development and function of the nervous system in vertebrates. TrkB activation and signaling show substantial differences to other receptor tyrosine kinases of the Trk family that mediate the responses to nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3. Growing evidence suggests that TrkB cell surface expression is highly regulated and determines the sensitivity of neurons to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This translocation of TrkB depends on co-factors and modulators of cAMP levels, N-glycosylation, and receptor transactivation. This process can occur in very short time periods and the resulting rapid modulation of target cell sensitivity to BDNF could represent a mechanism for fine-tuning of synaptic plasticity and communication in complex neuronal networks. This review focuses on those modulatory mechanisms in neurons that regulate responsiveness to BDNF via control of TrkB surface expression. KW - BDNF KW - TrkB KW - subcellular trafficking KW - transactivation KW - synaptic plasticity Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235055 VL - 382 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angermann, Christiane E. A1 - Assmus, Birgit A1 - Anker, Stefan D. A1 - Asselbergs, Folkert W. A1 - Brachmann, Johannes A1 - Brett, Marie‐Elena A1 - Brugts, Jasper J. A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Ginn, Greg A1 - Hilker, Lutz A1 - Koehler, Friedrich A1 - Rosenkranz, Stephan A1 - Zhou, Qian A1 - Adamson, Philip B. A1 - Böhm, Michael T1 - Pulmonary artery pressure‐guided therapy in ambulatory patients with symptomatic heart failure: the CardioMEMS European Monitoring Study for Heart Failure (MEMS‐HF) JF - European Journal of Heart Failure N2 - Aims Heart failure (HF) leads to repeat hospitalisations and reduces the duration and quality of life. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)‐guided HF management using the CardioMEMS™ HF system was shown to be safe and reduce HF hospitalisation (HFH) rates in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III patients. However, these findings have not been replicated in health systems outside the United States. Therefore, the CardioMEMS European Monitoring Study for Heart Failure (MEMS‐HF) evaluated the safety, feasibility, and performance of this device in Germany, The Netherlands, and Ireland. Methods and results A total of 234 NYHA class III patients (68 ± 11 years, 22% female, ≥1 HFH in the preceding year) from 31 centres were implanted with a CardioMEMS sensor and underwent PAP‐guided HF management. One‐year rates of freedom from device‐ or system‐related complications and from sensor failure (co‐primary outcomes) were 98.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 95.8–100.0] and 99.6% (95% CI 97.6–100.0), respectively. Survival rate was 86.2%. For the 12 months post‐ vs. pre‐implant, HFHs decreased by 62% (0.60 vs. 1.55 events/patient‐year; hazard ratio 0.38, 95% CI 0.31–0.48; P < 0.0001). After 12 months, mean PAP decreased by 5.1 ± 7.4 mmHg, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) overall/clinical summary scores increased from 47.0 ± 24.0/51.2 ± 24.8 to 60.5 ± 24.3/62.4 ± 24.1 (P < 0.0001), and the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire sum score improved from 8.7 ± 5.9 to 6.3 ± 5.1 (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Haemodynamic‐guided HF management proved feasible and safe in the health systems of Germany, The Netherlands, and Ireland. Physician‐directed treatment modifications based on remotely obtained PAP values were associated with fewer HFH, sustainable PAP decreases, marked KCCQ improvements, and remission of depressive symptoms. KW - heart failure KW - morbidity KW - haemodynamic monitoring KW - CardioMEMS™ HF system KW - health‐related quality of life KW - depression Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218061 VL - 22 IS - 10 SP - 1891 EP - 1901 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Angnide, Enarile A1 - Bielitska, Iryna A1 - Borchert, Leon A1 - Braun, Louisa A1 - Bühler, Pascal A1 - Chen, Xinyue A1 - Ho, Katherina A1 - Hofmann, Lena A1 - Kebekus, Melvin A1 - Kubsch, Torbjörn A1 - Li, Alexander A1 - Lin, Simon A1 - Mischer, Andreas A1 - Mogus, Mateja A1 - Schmid, Fabian A1 - Schneidawind, Luisa A1 - Voss, Manuela A1 - Wilson, Claire A1 - Wieteska, Filip A1 - Yu, Linda ED - Lindner, Jonas ED - Fischer, Doris T1 - Chinese Entanglements in Lower Franconian Business BT - A student research project by the Chair of China Business and Economics at the University of Würzburg N2 - Using own survey data and interviews, this study analyzes how businesses in Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) are entangled with China. Starting with a bird's-eye-view of the current situation, the study goes on to provide valuable insights from five specific industries. The study shows that a majority of the analyzed firms have some sort of ties to China, be it through Chinese customers, import/export activities, or else. KW - China KW - Unterfranken KW - China KW - Lower Franconia KW - Unterfranken KW - business KW - entanglement KW - Handel Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-209876 ER - TY - THES A1 - Anneser, Katrin T1 - Elektrochemische Doppelschichtkondensatoren zur Stabilisierung fluktuierender photovoltaischer Leistung T1 - Electric double layer capacitors for stabilizing intermittent photovoltaic power N2 - Der Ausbau der regenerativen Energiequellen führt vermehrt zu unvorhersehbaren Schwankungen der erzeugten Leistung, da Windkraft und Photovoltaik von natürlichen Bedingungen abhängen. Gerade Kurzzeitfluktuationen im Sekunden- bis Minutenbereich, die bei Solarzellen durch die Verschattung von vorüberziehenden Wolken zustande kommen, wird bislang wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Kurzzeitspeicher müssen eine hohe Zyklenstabilität aufweisen, um zur Glättung dieser Leistungsfluktuationen in Frage zu kommen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation wurden elektrochemische Doppelschichtkondensatoren für die Kopplung mit Siliziumsolarzellen und organischen Solarmodulen mit Hilfe von Simulationen und Messungen untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden grundlegende Fragestellungen zur Prozessierung und Alterung von Doppelschichtkondensatoren im Hinblick auf ein in der Literatur bereits diskutiertes System betrachtet, das beide Komponenten in einem Bauteil integriert - den sogenannten photocapacitor. Um die Druckbarkeit des gesamten elektrochemischen Doppelschichtkondensators zu ermöglichen, wurde der konventionell verwendete Flüssigelektrolyt durch einen Polymer-Gel-Elektrolyten auf Basis von Polyvinylalkohol und einer Säure ersetzt. Durch eine Verbesserung der Prozessierung konnte ein größerer Anteil der spezifischen Fläche der porösen Kohlenstoffelektroden vom Elektrolyten benetzt und somit zur Speicherung genutzt werden. Die Untersuchungen zeigen, dass mit Polymer-Gel-Elektrolyten ähnliche Kapazitäten erreicht werden wie mit Flüssigelektrolyten. Im Hinblick auf die Anwendung im gekoppelten System muss der elektrochemische Doppelschichtkondensator den gleichen Umweltbedingungen hinsichtlich Temperatur und Luftfeuchte standhalten wie die Solarzelle. Hierzu wurden umfangreiche Alterungstests durchgeführt und festgestellt, dass die Kapazität zwar bei Austrocknung des wasserhaltigen Polymer-Gel-Elektrolyten sinkt, bei einer Wiederbefeuchtung aber auch eine Regeneration des Speichers erfolgt. Zur passenden Auslegung des elektrochemischen Doppelschichtkondensators wurde eine detaillierte Analyse der Leistungsfluktuationen durchgeführt, die mit einem eigens entwickelten MPP-Messgerät an organischen Solarmodulen gemessen wurden. Anhand der Daten wurde analysiert, welche Energiemengen für welche Zeit im Kurzzeitspeicher zwischengespeichert werden müssen, um eine effiziente Glättung der ins Netz einzuspeisenden Leistung zu erreichen. Aus der Statistik der Fluktuationen wurde eine Kapazität berechnet, die als Richtwert in die Simulationen einging und dann mit anderen Kapazitäten verglichen wurde. Neben einem idealen MPP-Tracking für verschiedene Arten von Solarzellen und Beleuchtungsprofilen konnte die Simulation auch die Kopplung aus Solarzelle und elektrochemischem Doppelschichtkondensator mit zwei verschiedenen Betriebsstrategien nachbilden. Zum einen wurde ein fester Lastwiderstand genutzt, zum anderen eine Zielspannung für den Kurzzeitspeicher und somit auch die Solarzelle vorgegeben und der Lastwiderstand variabel so angepasst, dass die Zielspannung gehalten wird. Beide Betriebsmethoden haben einen Energieverlust gegenüber der MPP-getrackten Solarzelle zu verzeichnen, führen aber zu einer Glättung der Leistung des gekoppelten Systems. Die Simulation konnte für Siliziumsolarzellen mit einem Demonstratorversuch im Labor und für organische Solarzellen unter realen Bedingungen validiert werden. Insgesamt ergibt sich eine vielversprechende Glättung der Leistungsfluktuationen von Solarzellen durch den Einsatz von elektrochemischen Doppelschichtkondensatoren. N2 - The increased usage of regenerative energy sources leads to more unpredictable fluctuations in power output, as wind power and photovoltaics depend on natural conditions. Especially short-term fluctuations in the range of seconds to minutes, which occur in solar cells due to the shading by passing clouds, have received little attention so far. Corresponding short-term storage units that can be used to smooth these power fluctuations must have a high cycle stability. In the scope of this thesis the suitability of electrochemical double layer capacitors for coupling with silicon solar cells and organic solar modules was investigated with simulations and measurements. Processing methods and aging of electrochemical double layer capacitors in respect to an integrated system consisting of both components - already discussed in the literature as the so-called photocapacitor - were considered. As the liquid electrolyte was replaced by a polymer gel electrolyte based on polyvinyl alcohol and an acid in order to enable printability of the entire electrochemical double-layer capacitor. An increase of the capacitance to the level of the capacitance for electrodes with liquid electrolytes was achieved by improved processing in which a larger proportion of the specific area of the porous carbon electrodes could be wetted by the electrolyte and thus used for storage. In the application as coupled system the electrochemical double-layer capacitor must withstand the same environmental conditions with regard to temperature and humidity as the solar cell. Extensive aging tests were carried out and it was found that, although the capacitance decreases when the water-containing polymer gel electrolyte dries out, remoistening also regenerates the storage capacitance. A detailed analysis of the power fluctuations, which were measured under real conditions with small organic solar modules using a specially developed MPP measuring device, was carried out to determine the appropriate characteristics of the electrochemical double layer capacitor. Using a mathematically smoothed mean curve, it was determined which amounts of energy have to be stored in the short-term storage device for which time in order to achieve the smoothed curve. From the statistics of the fluctuations a capacitance could be calculated which was used as a guide value in the simulations and could then be compared to the impact of other capacities. In addition to ideal MPP tracking for different types of solar cells and lighting profiles, the simulation was also able to model the coupling of solar cell and electrochemical double layer capacitor with two different operating strategies. On the one hand a fixed load resistance was used, on the other hand a target voltage for the short-term storage device and thus also for the solar cell was specified. The load resistance was variably adapted so that the target voltage was reached. Both operating methods show an energy loss compared to the MPP tracked solar cell without storage component, but lead to smoothing of the power output of the coupled system. The simulation could be validated for silicon solar cells with a demonstrator test in the laboratory and for organic solar cells on the external test setup under real conditions. Overall, the use of electrochemical double layer capacitors results in a promising smoothing of the power fluctuations of solar cells. KW - Energie KW - Photovoltaik KW - Energiespeicher Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199339 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Appeltshauser, Luise A1 - Brunder, Anna-Michelle A1 - Heinius, Annika A1 - Körtvélyessy, Peter A1 - Wandinger, Klaus-Peter A1 - Junker, Ralf A1 - Villmann, Carmen A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Leypoldt, Frank A1 - Doppler, Kathrin T1 - Antiparanodal antibodies and IgG subclasses in acute autoimmune neuropathy JF - Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation N2 - Objective To determine whether IgG subclasses of antiparanodal autoantibodies are related to disease course and treatment response in acute- to subacute-onset neuropathies, we retrospectively screened 161 baseline serum/CSF samples and 66 follow-up serum/CSF samples. Methods We used ELISA and immunofluorescence assays to detect antiparanodal IgG and their subclasses and titers in serum/CSF of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), recurrent GBS (R-GBS), Miller-Fisher syndrome, and acute- to subacute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (A-CIDP). We evaluated clinical data retrospectively. Results We detected antiparanodal autoantibodies with a prevalence of 4.3% (7/161), more often in A-CIDP (4/23, 17.4%) compared with GBS (3/114, 2.6%). Longitudinal subclass analysis in the patients with GBS revealed IgG2/3 autoantibodies against Caspr-1 and against anti-contactin-1/Caspr-1, which disappeared at remission. At disease onset, patients with A-CIDP had IgG2/3 anti-Caspr-1 and anti-contactin-1/Caspr-1 or IgG4 anti-contactin-1 antibodies, IgG3 being associated with good response to IV immunoglobulins (IVIg). In the chronic phase of disease, IgG subclass of one patient with A-CIDP switched from IgG3 to IgG4. Conclusion Our data (1) confirm and extend previous observations that antiparanodal IgG2/3 but not IgG4 antibodies can occur in acute-onset neuropathies manifesting as monophasic GBS, (2) suggest association of IgG3 to a favorable response to IVIg, and (3) lend support to the hypothesis that in some patients, an IgG subclass switch from IgG3 to IgG4 may be the correlate of a secondary progressive or relapsing course following a GBS-like onset. KW - Guillain-Barre-Syndrome KW - inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy KW - musk myasthenia gravis KW - periperal nerve KW - neurofascin KW - autoantibodies KW - ontactin 1 KW - biopsies KW - binding KW - switch Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230079 VL - 7 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Appelt‐Menzel, Antje A1 - Oerter, Sabrina A1 - Mathew, Sanjana A1 - Haferkamp, Undine A1 - Hartmann, Carla A1 - Jung, Matthias A1 - Neuhaus, Winfried A1 - Pless, Ole T1 - Human iPSC‐Derived Blood‐Brain Barrier Models: Valuable Tools for Preclinical Drug Discovery and Development? JF - Current Protocols in Stem Cell Biology N2 - Translating basic biological knowledge into applications remains a key issue for effectively tackling neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, or neuroendocrine disorders. Efficient delivery of therapeutics across the neuroprotective blood‐brain barrier (BBB) still poses a demanding challenge for drug development targeting central nervous system diseases. Validated in vitro models of the BBB could facilitate effective testing of drug candidates targeting the brain early in the drug discovery process during lead generation. We here review the potential of mono‐ or (isogenic) co‐culture BBB models based on brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and compare them to several available BBB in vitro models from primary human or non‐human cells and to rodent in vivo models, as well as to classical and widely used barrier models [Caco‐2, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA)]. In particular, we are discussing the features and predictivity of these models and how hiPSC‐derived BBB models could impact future discovery and development of novel CNS‐targeting therapeutics. KW - blood‐brain barrier (BBB) KW - CNS disease KW - drug permeability screening KW - human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) KW - preclinical drug discovery Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218509 VL - 55 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Apsemidou, Athanasia A1 - Füller, Miriam Antonie A1 - Idelevich, Evgeny A. A1 - Kurzai, Oliver A1 - Tragiannidis, Athanasios A1 - Groll, Andreas H. T1 - Candida lusitaniae breakthrough fungemia in an immuno-compromised adolescent: case report and review of the literature JF - Journal of Fungi N2 - Candida lusitaniae is a rare cause of candidemia that is known for its unique capability to rapidly acquire resistance to amphotericin B. We report the case of an adolescent with grade IV graft-vs.-host disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation who developed catheter-associated C. lusitaniae candidemia while on therapeutic doses of liposomal amphotericin B. We review the epidemiology of C. lusitaniae bloodstream infections in adult and pediatric patients, the development of resistance, and its role in breakthrough candidemia. Appropriate species identification, in vitro susceptibility testing, and source control are pivotal to optimal management of C. lusitaniae candidemia. Initial antifungal therapy may consist of an echinocandin and be guided by in vitro susceptibility and clinical response. KW - Candida lusitaniae KW - candidemia KW - resistance KW - breakthrough KW - infection KW - transplantation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-220125 SN - 2309-608X VL - 6 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Arampatzis, Konstantinos T1 - Astigmatismuskorrektur im Rahmen moderner, minimalinvasiver Kataraktchirurgie – eine retrospektive Analyse T1 - Correction of astigmatism during modern, minimal invasive cataract surgery – a retrospective Analysis N2 - Hintergrund: Die Kataraktoperation ist der am meisten durchgeführte operative Eingriff in der Medizin überhaupt. Astigmatismus ist einer der häufigsten Refraktionsfehlern wobei 15-20% der Bevölkerung einen klinisch relevanten Astigmatismus von > 1,5 Dpt zeigen. Im Rahmen der Kataraktoperation besteht die Möglichkeit neben der Linsentrübung auch den Astigmatismus zu korrigieren. Material und Methoden: 176 Kataraktoperationen mit simultaner Astigmatismuskorrektur wurden retrospektiv untersucht, davon bei 110 Augen durch periphere clear-cornea Relaxationsinzisionen (PCCRI) und bei 66 Augen durch die Implantation von torischen Hinterkammerlinsen (TIOL). Es erfolgte eine topographische und refraktive Astigmatismusanalyse mittels Vektorenanalyse und Doppelwinkeldiagramme. Ergebnisse: Mittels PCCRI wurde eine topographische Reduktion des Astigmatismus von 0,86 ± 0,63 Dpt sowie eine refraktive Reduktion von 1,33 ± 1,08 Dpt erreicht. Mittels TIOL lag die refraktive Reduktion auf 2,26 ± 1,57 Dpt. Die mittlere Achsenabweichung der TIOL postoperativ lag bei 4,77° ± 4,18°. Diskussion: Die Implantation von TIOL zeigt eine hohe Effektivität und Sicherheit bzgl. Astigmatismuskorrektur, der PCCRI überlegen. PCCRI ist eine gute, kostengünstige Alternative. Astigmatismusbeträge bis 1,5 Dpt können sowohl durch PCCRI als auch durch TIOL korrigiert werden. Bei höheren Beträgen ist die Implantation von TIOL die Korrektur der ersten Wahl. Eine Revision einer postoperativen Achsenabweichung einer TIOL von > 8° sollte bei klinischer Relevanz in der zweiten postoperativen Woche erwogen werden. N2 - Objective: Cataract surgery is the most common kind of surgery in medical world. Astigmatism is one of the most common refractive errors. 15-20% of the population has a clinical significant astigmatism of > 1.5 Dpt. During cataract surgery there is a unique chance to correct the astigmatic error together with the cataract. Material and methods: 176 cataract surgeries with astigmatism correction were retrospectively analyzed. 110 eyes were treated with peripheral clear-cornea relaxing incisions (PCCRI) and 66 eyes with implantation of toric posterior chamber intraocular lenses (TIOL). Astigmatic effect was analyzed with vector analysis and double-angle diagrams. Results: In the PCCRI group the topographical astigmatism reduction was 0.86 ± 0.63 Dpt and the refractive reduction was 1.33 ± 1.08 Dpt. In the TIOL group the refractive reduction was 2.26 ± 1.57 Dpt and the mean postoperative axis rotation was 4.77° ± 4.18°. Conclusion: Astigmatism correction with TIOL shows high efficacy and safety, higher than PCCRI. PCCRI is a low cost alternative. Astigmatism up to 1.5 Dpt can be well corrected with both methods. TIOL is the method of choice for higher amounts of astigmatism. An axis correction in the second postoperative week may be necessary in case of clinic relevant postoperative rotation of > 8° of a TIOL. KW - Augenheilkunde KW - Astigmatismus KW - Astigmatism KW - Astigmatismuskorrektur KW - PCCRI KW - TIOL KW - LRI KW - periphere korneale Relaxationsinzisionen KW - torische Intraokularlinsen KW - limbale Relaxationsinzisionen KW - minimalinvasive Kataraktchirurgie KW - Astigmatismusanalyse KW - correction of Astigmatism KW - peripheral corneal relaxing incisions KW - toric intraocular lens KW - limbal relaxing incisions KW - minimal invasive cataract surgery KW - astigmatism analysis Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208458 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Argentiero, Antonella A1 - Solimando, Antonio Giovanni A1 - Krebs, Markus A1 - Leone, Patrizia A1 - Susca, Nicola A1 - Brunetti, Oronzo A1 - Racanelli, Vito A1 - Vacca, Angelo A1 - Silvestris, Nicola T1 - Anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy: novel paradigms to envision tailored approaches in renal cell-carcinoma JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Although decision making strategy based on clinico-histopathological criteria is well established, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents a spectrum of biological ecosystems characterized by distinct genetic and molecular alterations, diverse clinical courses and potential specific therapeutic vulnerabilities. Given the plethora of drugs available, the subtype-tailored treatment to RCC subtype holds the potential to improve patient outcome, shrinking treatment-related morbidity and cost. The emerging knowledge of the molecular taxonomy of RCC is evolving, whilst the antiangiogenic and immunotherapy landscape maintains and reinforces their potential. Although several prognostic factors of survival in patients with RCC have been described, no reliable predictive biomarkers of treatment individual sensitivity or resistance have been identified. In this review, we summarize the available evidence able to prompt more precise and individualized patient selection in well-designed clinical trials, covering the unmet need of medical choices in the era of next-generation anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy. KW - renal cell carcinoma KW - angiogenesis KW - immune-checkpoint inhibitor KW - tumor microenvironment KW - molecular subtypes KW - prognostic-biomarkers KW - predictive factors Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-205846 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 9 IS - 5 ER - TY - THES A1 - Armbrüster, Lotte T1 - Melodieintervalle als Kenngröße der laryngealen Regelleistung bei der Lautproduktion von Säuglingen ohne orofaziale Spaltbildung in den ersten vier Lebensmonaten T1 - Melodic intervals in infant cries as a parameter of the laryngeal control power in the sound production of infants without orofacial clefts in the first four months of life N2 - Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, intervallartige Substrukturen (Melodieintervalle) auf der Melodiekontur von Säuglingslauten im Längsschnitt über die ersten vier Lebensmonate zu analysieren. Melodieintervalle werden als eine Messgröße für die Kurzzeitvariabilität der Grundfrequenz (F0) und damit der laryngealen Regelleistung angesehen. Es sollte belegt werden, dass gesunde Säuglinge Melodieintervalle regelhaft erzeugen. Dabei war auch die Frage zu beantworten, ob Melodien mit Intervallen häufiger vorkommen als Melodien ohne Intervall über den Untersuchungszeitraum der ersten vier Lebensmonate. Neben Häufigkeitsanalysen sollten auch Analysen temporaler Eigenschaften erfolgen und Frequenzratios (Intervallgrößen) ermittelt werden. Langzeitziel dieser Analysen ist es, potenzielle Risikokinder einer späteren Sprech- und Sprachentwicklungsstörung so früh wie möglich anhand einer nicht-invasiven Vorsprachlichen Diagnostik identifizieren zu können. Aus einem Gesamtdatenkorpus von 6130 Vokalisationen wurden in einer komplexen Vorselektierungs-Routine mittels audio-visueller Analyse insgesamt 3114 Vokalisationen für die finalen Melodieintervallanalysen als geeignet befunden. Unter Methodenmodifikation zu Vorarbeiten, wie einer herabgesetzten Plateaumindestlänge auf 50 ms und unter Einbezug rhythmisch-segmentierter Vokalisationen in die Analysen wurden die Aufnahmen anhand von Melodie- und Intensitätsdiagrammen sowie semi-automatisch zugehörigen Messroutinen im Cry-Data-Analysis-Program (CDAP) analysiert und Melodieintervalle vermessen. Des Weiteren wurden Analysen der Melodiestrukturkategorien, die den Komplexitätsgrad der Konturen reflektieren, und der Bogenformen (Intonation) durchgeführt, um das Auftreten identifizierter Intervallcodes und deren Muster zu diesen in Bezug zu setzen. Das melodische Einzelintervall (Plateau-Übergang-Plateau) wurde als Modul definiert, das zu Doppelintervallen und noch komplexeren Kombinationen unterschiedlicher Codes und Muster zusammengesetzt wird. Das Repertoire dieser Kombinationsmuster wurde in der Arbeit detailliert aufgezeigt. Ein Modul-Vergleich der steigenden und fallenden Einzelintervalle in Einfach- und Doppelbögen konnte eine hohe Übereinstimmung hinsichtlich spezieller Messgrößen, insbesondere der steigenden Intervalle, belegen. Für die über den Untersuchungszeitraum analysierten Auftrittshäufigkeiten der Intervalle konnte mittels einer verallgemeinerten Schätzgleichung (GEE-Model) eine signifikante Zunahme des Intervallauftretens festgestellt werden, die durch einen nichtlinearen Alterseffekt gekennzeichnet war. Die Intervallkomplexität nahm linear signifikant mit dem Lebensalter zu. Es wurden keine Geschlechtseffekte festgestellt. Als vorherrschende Intervallgröße wurde die kleine Sekunde (Halbton) über den Untersuchungszeitraum gefunden. Die Intervallgrößen und ein Großteil der Analysen der temporalen Messgrößen erfolgte auf signalbasierter Ebene und wurde deskriptiv vergleichend zwischen den Richtungen bzw. den Mustern der Intervalle untersucht und als Referenzwerte in umfangreichen Tabellen berichtet. Die Ergebnisse vorliegender Arbeit belegten durch Analysen unterschiedlicher Messgrößen, wie z.B. dem Komplexitätsgrad der Melodie und deren regelrechter Entwicklung mit dem Alter, dass alle hier analysierten Vokalisationen von Probanden stammten, die sich unauffällig entwickelten. Somit wurde sichergestellt, dass die erarbeiteten Referenzwerte für nachfolgende Studien die Verhältnisse bei gesunden Säuglingen widerspiegeln. Die Ergebnisse vorliegender Arbeit sollen als vorläufige Vergleichswerte für geplante Analysen an Vokalisationen von Säuglingen mit orofazialen Spaltbildungen dienen. N2 - The aim of this study was to quantitatively characterize interval-like substructures of the melody (f0 contour) of pre-speech sounds of infants during their first four months of life. Melodic intervals represent the short-term variability of the frequency contour (f0) of cry melodies and describe the laryngeal control power. The long-term goal is to identify infants at risk of a later speech and language development disorder as early as possible using a non-invasive prelinguistic diagnosis. Melodic intervals were analysed in cry melodies of 12 infants (6 females, 6 males). The selected group of infants was born healthy without cleft lip and palate or any hunch for syndromes. The study involved 6,130 spontaneously uttered vocalizations recorded in weekly intervals over the first four months of life. A preselection of vocalizations containing a well-identifiable, noise-free and undisturbed melodic contour was applied to identify and measure melodic intervals in the final subset of 3,114 utterances. The applied interval model was defined as plateau-transition-plateau structure in the melody. Modifying the method, such as reducing the minimum plateau length to 50 ms and including rhythmically segmented vocalizations in the analyses, the recordings were analysed using melody and intensity diagrams as well as semi-automatically associated measurement routines in the Cry Data Analysis Program (CDAP). The aim was to answer the question whether spontaneous crying of healthy infants exhibits regularly melodic intervals across the observation period and to analyse if the interval events become more complex with age. Furthermore, the melody structure categories, which reflect the degree of complexity of the contours and the arc shapes (intonation) were analysed in order to relate the occurrence of identified intervals and their combination patterns to these. The repertoire of these combination patterns is shown in detail in the work. A module comparison of rising and falling intervals in single and double arcs demonstrate a high agreement with regard to special measured variables, in particular rising intervals. A generalized estimation equation (GEE model) was used to determine a significant increase of the occurrence of the intervals, which was characterized by a non-linear age effect. The interval complexity increased linearly significantly with age. No gender effects were found. The semitone was found to be the predominant interval size over the observation period. The interval sizes and a large part of the analysis of temporal measurements were carried out on a signal-based level and were descriptively compared between the directions (rising/falling) and the patterns of the intervals and are reported as reference values in several tables. The results of this work are intended to serve as preliminary comparative values for the analysis of vocalizations of infants with orofacial clefts. KW - Sprachentwicklung KW - Melodieintervall KW - laryngeale Regelleistung KW - vorsprachliche Entwicklung KW - Schreimelodie Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219240 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnholdt, Jörg A1 - Kamawal, Yama A1 - Horas, Konstantin A1 - Holzapfel, Boris M. A1 - Gilbert, Fabian A1 - Ripp, Axel A1 - Rudert, Maximilian A1 - Steinert, Andre F. T1 - Accurate implant fit and leg alignment after cruciate-retaining patient-specific total knee arthroplasty JF - BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders N2 - Background For improved outcomes in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) correct implant fitting and positioning are crucial. In order to facilitate a best possible implant fitting and positioning patient-specific systems have been developed. However, whether or not these systems allow for better implant fitting and positioning has yet to be elucidated. For this reason, the aim was to analyse the novel patient-specific cruciate retaining knee replacement system iTotal (TM) CR G2 that utilizes custom-made implants and instruments for its ability to facilitate accurate implant fitting and positioning including correction of the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA). Methods We assessed radiographic results of 106 patients who were treated with the second generation of a patient-specific cruciate retaining knee arthroplasty using iTotal\(^{TM}\) CR G2 (ConforMIS Inc.) for tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis (OA) using custom-made implants and instruments. The implant fit and positioning as well as the correction of the mechanical axis (hip-knee-ankle angle, HKA) and restoration of the joint line were determined using pre- and postoperative radiographic analyses. Results On average, HKA was corrected from 174.4 degrees +/- 4.6 degrees preoperatively to 178.8 degrees +/- 2.2 degrees postoperatively and the coronal femoro-tibial angle was adjusted on average 4.4 degrees. The measured preoperative tibial slope was 5.3 degrees +/- 2.2 degrees (mean +/- SD) and the average postoperative tibial slope was 4.7 degrees +/- 1.1 degrees on lateral views. The joint line was well preserved with an average modified Insall-Salvati index of 1.66 +/- 0.16 pre- and 1.67 +/- 0.16 postoperatively. The overall accuracy of fit of implant components was decent with a measured medial overhang of more than 1 mm (1.33 mm +/- 0.32 mm) in 4 cases only. Further, a lateral overhang of more than 1 mm (1.8 mm +/- 0.63) (measured in the anterior-posterior radiographs) was observed in 11 cases, with none of the 106 patients showing femoral notching. Conclusion The patient-specific iTotal\(^{TM}\) CR G2 total knee replacement system facilitated a proper fitting and positioning of the implant components. Moreover, a good restoration of the leg axis towards neutral alignment was achieved as planned. Nonetheless, further clinical follow-up studies are necessary to validate our findings and to determine the long-term impact of using this patient- specific system. KW - total knee replacement KW - knee axis KW - patient-specific knee arthroplasty KW - knee osteoarthritis KW - implant positioning Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230012 VL - 21 ER - TY - THES A1 - Arnold, Charlotte Antonia T1 - Reduktion des Genomschadens in peripheren Lymphozyten adipöser Patienten nach bariatrischer Operation T1 - Decreased chromosomal damage in peripheral lymphocytes of obese patients after bariatric surgery N2 - Übergewicht, das als Volkskrankheit ein wachsendes globales Problem darstellt, ist mit mehreren folgenreichen Komorbiditäten behaftet und die Assoziation der Erkrankung mit nachweisbarer Schädigung des Erbguts durch oxidativen Stress ist mittlerweile unangefochten. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden periphere Lymphozyten stark bis morbid adipöser Patienten mit Hilfe des Mikrokern-Assays untersucht und es konnte – begleitend zu der zu erwartenden BMI-Abnahme – eine signifikante Reduktion des Genomschadens durch Magenbypass bzw. Sleeve-Gastrektomie 12 Monate postoperativ detektiert werden. Daneben demonstrierte die Analyse zusätzlich erhobener Patientendaten, die u. a. Nüchternglucose, HbA1c, Blutdruck und Herzfrequenz sowie ein Blutbild der Patienten (inklusive CRP als Entzündungsmarker, Transaminasen, gGT sowie Lipidprofil) umfasste, eine deutliche Besserung vieler Parameter bis auf teilweise wieder physiologische Normwerte. All diese Ergebnisse stützen die These der metabolischen Wirksamkeit sowohl des Roux-en-Y-Magenbypass als auch der Sleeve- Gastrektomie. Ihre Bedeutung liegt nicht zuletzt in der angenommenen Reduktion des Krebserkrankungsrisikos, da jeweils ein Zusammenhang mit der Adipositas an sich, dem Diabetes und durch oxidativen Stress verursachter DNA-Schädigung besteht. Mit Blick auf eine gegenwärtig in der Forschung diskutierte potentielle therapeutische Anwendung von Antioxidantien zur Reduktion von Erbgutschädigungen, die durch oxidativen Stress zustande kommen, wurden die Substanzen Tricetinidin, Curcumin und Resveratrol im Rahmen des Mikrokerntests an HL60- und NRK-Zellen untersucht, in denen mit der Mischung aus Insulin und Angiotensin II eine gentoxische Wirkung erzielt worden war. N2 - Obesity, which constitutes an increasing global health problem, is accompanied by a large number of far-reaching comorbidities and it is nowadays undoubted that this disease is associated with a detectable chromosomal damage caused by oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine peripheral lymphocytes of obese or morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Apart from the predictable BMI reduction we were able to show a significant reduction of genomic damage 12 months after either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Furthermore, the analysis of additionally collected patient data comprising fasting glucose, HbA1c, blood pressure, heart rate and blood count (including CRP as an inflammatory parameter, transaminases, γ- GT and lipid profile) indicated an improvement with regard to a lot of parameters, partly reaching a physiological level. All these results support the hypothesis that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as well as sleeve gastrectomy are metabolically effective methods. Last but not least they are of importance concerning a presumed attenuation of cancer risk because of a link between obesity, diabetes and oxidative stress-associated chromosomal damage. The potential therapeutic use of antioxidants to reduce genomic damage resulting from oxidative stress is a topic of interest in current research. We therefore examined the substances tricetinidin, curcumin and resveratrol using the micronucleus frequency test, HL60 and NRK cells that had been treated with a mixture of insulin and angiotensin II to achieve a genotoxic effect. KW - Fettsucht KW - Magenchirurgie KW - Lymphozyt KW - Adipositaschirurgie KW - Genomschaden KW - bariatric surgery KW - peripheral lymphocytes KW - obesity KW - genomic damage KW - chromosomal damage Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211748 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arnold, Michaela Maria A1 - Müller-Oerlinghausen, Bruno A1 - Hemrich, Norbert A1 - Bönsch, Dominikus T1 - Effects of Psychoactive Massage in Outpatients with Depressive Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Mixed-Methods Study JF - Brain Sciences N2 - The clinical picture of depressive disorders is characterized by a plethora of somatic symptoms, psychomotor retardation, and, particularly, anhedonia. The number of patients with residual symptoms or treatment resistance is high. Touch is the basic communication among humans and animals. Its application professionally in the form of, e.g., psychoactive massage therapy, has been shown in the past to reduce the somatic and mental symptoms of depression and anxiety. Here, we investigated the effects of a specially developed affect-regulating massage therapy (ARMT) vs. individual treatment with a standardized relaxation procedure, progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), in 57 outpatients with depression. Patients were given one ARMT or PMR session weekly over 4 weeks. Changes in somatic and cognitive symptoms were assessed by standard psychiatric instruments (Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Bech–Rafaelsen–Melancholia–Scale (BRMS)) as well as a visual analogue scale. Furthermore, oral statements from all participants were obtained in semi-structured interviews. The findings show clear and statistically significant superiority of ARMT over PMR. The results might be interpreted within various models. The concept of interoception, as well as the principles of body psychotherapy and phenomenological aspects, offers cues for understanding the mechanisms involved. Within a neurobiological context, the significance of C-tactile afferents activated by special touch techniques and humoral changes such as increased oxytocin levels open additional ways of interpreting our findings. KW - massage therapy KW - psychoactive massage KW - affect-regulating massage therapy KW - affective touch KW - depression KW - pain KW - interoception KW - C-tactile fibers KW - body psychotherapy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213385 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 10 IS - 10 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ashour, DiyaaEldin T1 - Kinetics and timing of IL-12 production by dendritic cells for Th1 polarization \(in\) \(vivo\) T1 - Kinetik und zeitlicher Ablauf der IL-12-Produktion durch Dendritische Zellen für die Th1 Polarisierung \(in\) \(vivo\) N2 - Auf Dendritische Zellen (DCs) basierende Vakzinen hängen von der Qualität der DC-Reifung ab, um Antigenpräsentation, Kostimulation, Lymphknotenmigration und, im Faller einer T-Helfer-1 (Th1) Polarisierung, die Freisetzung von IL-12 zu induzieren. Die Herstellung des heterodimeren IL-12p70 durch injizierte DC wurde klassisch als Schlüsselfaktor beschrieben, der für die Erzeugung einer polarisierten Th1 Immunreaktion erforderlich ist. Dennoch induzieren DCs, die IL-12 nicht ausscheiden können (z. B. nach Reifung des Cytokin-Cocktails), Th1 polarisierte Immunantwortenin Mäusen und Menschen. Da zuvor auch beschrieben wurde, dass DCs in der Lage sind, andere DCs auf Bystander-Weise zu aktivieren, haben wir hier die DC-Quelle der IL-12 Produktion für die Th1-Polarisation in einem murinen DC-Vakzinemodell untersucht. Die Migration der injizierten, aus murinem Knochenmark generierten DCs (BM-DCs) war für den Antigentransport in den Lymphknoten wesentlich. Sie trugen jedoch nur teilweise zur Antigenpräsentation bei und induzierten nur einen nicht polarisierten Th0-Zustand der T-Zellen, die IL-2 produzierten, aber kein IFN-. Stattdessen deuten die Daten daraufhin, dass endogene dermale migrierende XCR1+ DCs als Bystander-DCs zur Antigenpräsentation beitragen und IL-12 für die Th1 Polarisation bereitstellten. Die genetische Ablation von migrierenden DCs und speziell von XCR1+ migrierenden DCs hebt das Th1 Priming vollständig auf, Die Kinetik der Wechselwirkungen in den drainierenden Lymphknoten erfolgt schrittweise, indem i) injizierte DCs mit verwandten T-Zellen, ii) injizierte DCs mit Bystander XCR1+ DCs und iii) Bystander XCR1+ DCs mit T-Zellen in Kontakt treten. Das Transkriptom der Bystander-DCs zeigte eine Herunterregulierung von Treg- und Th2/Th9-induzierenden Genen und eine Hochregulierung der für die Th1- Induktion erforderlichen Gene. Zusammen zeigen diese Daten, dass injizierte reife migrierende BM-DCs das T-Zell-Priming und die Bystander-DC-Aktivierung steuern, nicht jedoch die Th1-Polarisation, die durch endogene IL-12p70+ XCR1+ Bystander-DCs vermittelt wird. Unsere Ergebnisse sind von Bedeutung für klinische Studien mit Vakzine-DCs, bei denen endogene DCs durch eine Chemotherapie funktionell beeinträchtigt werden können. N2 - Dendritic cell (DC) based vaccines rely on the quality of DC maturation to induce antigen presentation, co-stimulation, lymph node migration and the release of heterodimeric IL-12p70 in case of T helper type-1 cell (Th1) polarization. In contrast, DCs that cannot secrete IL-12p70 (e.g. after cytokine cocktail maturation) readily induce Th1 cells when injected into mice and humans. Since it was also previously suggested that DCs are capable of activating other DCs in a bystander fashion, we tested here for the DC source of IL-12p70 for Th1 polarization in a murine DC vaccination model. Migration of the injected murine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) was essential for antigen delivery to the lymph node. However, they contributed only partially to antigen presentation, and induced a non-polarized Th0 state of the cognate T cells producing IL-2 but no IFN-. Instead, endogenous dermal migratory XCR1+ cDC1s underwent re-programming by the injected BM-DCs to acquire bystander antigen presentation and IL-12 release for Th1 polarization in the lymph node. Genetic deficiency of migratory DCs and specifically of XCR1+ migratory DCs completely abolished Th1 priming. The kinetic of cell interactions in the draining lymph nodes appeared step-wise as i) injected DCs with cognate T cells, ii) injected DCs with bystander XCR1+ DCs, and iii) bystander XCR1+ DCs with T cells. The transcriptome of the bystander DCs showed a down-regulation of Treg and Th2/Th9 inducing genes, and up-regulation of genes required for Th1 instruction. Together, these data show that injected mature lymph node migratory BM-DCs direct T cell priming and bystander DC activation, but not Th1 polarization which is mediated by endogenous IL-12p70+ XCR1+ migratory bystander DCs. Our results are of importance for clinical DC-based vaccinations against tumors where endogenous DCs may be functionally impaired by chemotherapy. KW - Immunologie KW - Dendritic cells KW - Dendritische Zellen KW - Vakzinen KW - Vaccine KW - IL-12p70 KW - Dendritische Zelle KW - Immunology Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-179483 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Assfalg, Volker A1 - Selig, Katharina A1 - Tolksdorf, Johanna A1 - van Meel, Marieke A1 - de Vries, Erwin A1 - Ramsoebhag, Anne‐Marie A1 - Rahmel, Axel A1 - Renders, Lutz A1 - Novotny, Alexander A1 - Matevossian, Edouard A1 - Schneeberger, Stefan A1 - Rosenkranz, Alexander R. A1 - Berlakovich, Gabriela A1 - Ysebaert, Dirk A1 - Knops, Noël A1 - Kuypers, Dirk A1 - Weekers, Laurent A1 - Muehlfeld, Anja A1 - Rump, Lars‐Christian A1 - Hauser, Ingeborg A1 - Pisarski, Przemyslaw A1 - Weimer, Rolf A1 - Fornara, Paolo A1 - Fischer, Lutz A1 - Kliem, Volker A1 - Sester, Urban A1 - Stippel, Dirk A1 - Arns, Wolfgang A1 - Hau, Hans‐Michael A1 - Nitschke, Martin A1 - Hoyer, Joachim A1 - Thorban, Stefan A1 - Weinmann‐Menke, Julia A1 - Heller, Katharina A1 - Banas, Bernhard A1 - Schwenger, Vedat A1 - Nadalin, Silvio A1 - Lopau, Kai A1 - Hüser, Norbert A1 - Heemann, Uwe T1 - Repeated kidney re‐transplantation—the Eurotransplant experience: a retrospective multicenter outcome analysis JF - Transplant International N2 - In Eurotransplant kidney allocation system (ETKAS), candidates can be considered unlimitedly for repeated re‐transplantation. Data on outcome and benefit are indeterminate. We performed a retrospective 15‐year patient and graft outcome data analysis from 1464 recipients of a third or fourth or higher sequential deceased donor renal transplantation (DDRT) from 42 transplant centers. Repeated re‐DDRT recipients were younger (mean 43.0 vs. 50.2 years) compared to first DDRT recipients. They received grafts with more favorable HLA matches (89.0% vs. 84.5%) but thereby no statistically significant improvement of patient and graft outcome was found as comparatively demonstrated in 1st DDRT. In the multivariate modeling accounting for confounding factors, mortality and graft loss after 3rd and ≥4th DDRT (P < 0.001 each) and death with functioning graft (DwFG) after 3rd DDRT (P = 0.001) were higher as compared to 1st DDRT. The incidence of primary nonfunction (PNF) was also significantly higher in re‐DDRT (12.7%) than in 1st DDRT (7.1%; P < 0.001). Facing organ shortage, increasing waiting time, and considerable mortality on dialysis, we question the current policy of repeated re‐DDRT. The data from this survey propose better HLA matching in first DDRT and second DDRT and careful selection of candidates, especially for ≥4th DDRT. KW - allocation KW - child KW - fourth KW - graft KW - kidney KW - loss KW - repeated KW - re‐transplantation KW - survival KW - third Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214161 VL - 33 IS - 6 SP - 617 EP - 631 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Auer, Daniela A1 - Hügelschäffer, Sophie D. A1 - Fischer, Annette B. A1 - Rudel, Thomas T1 - The chlamydial deubiquitinase Cdu1 supports recruitment of Golgi vesicles to the inclusion JF - Cellular Microbiology N2 - Chlamydia trachomatis is the main cause of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. As obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia replicate in a membrane bound vacuole called inclusion and acquire nutrients for growth and replication from their host cells. However, like all intracellular bacteria, Chlamydia have to prevent eradication by the host's cell autonomous system. The chlamydial deubiquitinase Cdu1 is secreted into the inclusion membrane, facing the host cell cytosol where it deubiquitinates cellular proteins. Here we show that inactivation of Cdu1 causes a growth defect of C. trachomatis in primary cells. Moreover, ubiquitin and several autophagy receptors are recruited to the inclusion membrane of Cdu1‐deficient Chlamydia . Interestingly, the growth defect of cdu1 mutants is not rescued when autophagy is prevented. We find reduced recruitment of Golgi vesicles to the inclusion of Cdu1 mutants indicating that vesicular trafficking is altered in bacteria without active deubiquitinase (DUB). Our work elucidates an important role of Cdu1 in the functional preservation of the chlamydial inclusion surface. KW - autophagy KW - Cdu1 KW - ChlaDUB1 KW - Chlamydia trachomatis KW - DUB KW - Golgi KW - xenophagy Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208675 VL - 22 IS - 5 ER - TY - THES A1 - Auth, Michael Tilman T1 - Quantitative Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Charge Transfer in Organic Semiconductors T1 - Quantitative Elektron Paramagnetische Resonanz Untersuchungen von Ladungstransfer Prozessen in Organischen Halbleitern N2 - In the present work we investigated various charge transfer processes, as they appear in the versatile world of organic semiconductors by probing the spin states of the corresponding charge carrier species via electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. All studied material systems are carbon-based compounds, either belonging to the group of polymers, fullerenes, or single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In the first instance, we addressed the change of the open circuit voltage (Voc) with the fullerene blend stoichiometry in fullerene-based solar cells for organic photovoltaics (OPV). The voltage depends strongly on the energy separation between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the donor and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the acceptor. By exploiting the Gaussian distribution of the charge carriers in a two-level system, and thus also their spins in the EPR experiment, it could be shown that the LUMOs get closer by a few to a few hundred meV when going from pure fullerene materials to a fullerene mixture. The reason for this strong energetic effect is likely the formation of a fullerene alloy. Further, we investigated the chemical doping mechanism of SWNTs with a (6,5)-chirality and their behaviour under optical excitation. In order to determine the unintentional (pre)-doping of SWNTs, EPR spectra of the raw material as well as after different purification steps were recorded. This facilitated the determination of nanotube defects and atmospheric p-doping as the causes of the measured EPR signals. In order to deliberately transfer additional charge carriers to the nanotubes, we added the redox-active substance AuCl3 where we determined an associated doping-yield of (1.5±0.2)%. In addition, a statistical occupation model was developed which can be used to simulate the distribution of EPR active, i.e. unpaired and localised charge carriers on the nanotubes. Finally, we investigated the charge transfer behaviour of (6,5)-SWNTs together with the polymer P3HT and the fullerene PC60BM after optical excitation. N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte mit Hilfe der Elektron Paramagnetischen Resonanz Spektroskopie (EPR) die Ladungsträgerspins bei Ladungstransfer-Prozessen in organischen Halbleitern. Insbesondere wurden hier verschiedene Kohlenstoffverbindungen betrachtet, welche zur Gruppe der Polymere, Fullerene, oder Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren gehören. Zu Beginn gingen wir auf die Veränderung der Leerlaufspannung in Fulleren Solarzellen für organische photovoltaic (OPV) ein, welche mit der Fulleren Stöchiometry variiert. Die Leerlaufspannung ist entscheidend für das Ladungsstransfer-Verhalten nach erfolgreicher optischer Anregung. Sie hängt stark vom Energieabstand des niedrigsten unbesetzten Molekülorbitals (engl. LUMO) des Donators zum höchsten besetzten Molekülorbital (engl. HOMO) des Akzeptors ab. Hierbei wurde die Gaußsche Verteilungs-Statistik der Ladungsträger, und damit auch deren Spins, in einem zwei Niveau System im EPR Experiment ausgenutzt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich deren Abstand um wenige bis hin zu wenigen Hundert meV annähert wenn man vom reinen Fulleren Material zu einem Fulleren Gemisch übergeht. Die Ursache für diesen starken energetischen Effekt ist wahrscheinlich die Bildung einer Fulleren-Legierung. Des weiteren betrachteten wir speziell einwandige Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren der Chiralität (6,5). Untersucht wurde zunächst die chemische Dotierung dieser Systeme und anschließend ihr Verhalten bei optischer Anregung. Um zunächst die ungewünschte (vor)-Dotierung der Nanoröhren zu ermitteln, wurden EPR Spektren in unbehandelter Form, als auch nach unterschiedlichen Aufreinigungsschritten aufgenommen. Dies ermöglichte die Bestimmung von Nanorohr-Defekten und atmosphärischer p-Dotierung als Ursache für das gemessene EPR Signal. Um bewusst zusätzliche Ladungsträger auf die Nanoröhren zu übertragen gaben wir die redox-aktive Substanz AuCl3 hinzu, wo wir eine zugehörige Dotiereffizienz von (1,5±0,2)% ermittelten. Darüber hinaus wurde ein statistisches Modell erarbeitet welches die Verteilung von EPR aktiven, d.h. ungepaarten und lokalisierten Ladungsträgern auf den Nanoröhren simulieren kann. Zum Abschluss betrachteten wir das Ladungstransfer-Verhalten von (6,5)-Nanoröhren zusammen mit dem Polymer P3HT und dem Fulleren PC60BM nach optischer Anregung. KW - Organische Halbleiter KW - EPR Spektroskopie KW - Dotierung KW - Ladungstransfer KW - organic semiconductor KW - carbon nanotube KW - epr spectroskopy KW - doping KW - quantitative epr KW - charge transfer KW - organic photovoltaic KW - spin Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189513 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Averdunk, Luisa A1 - Bernhagen, Jürgen A1 - Fehnle, Karl A1 - Surowy, Harald A1 - Lüdecke, Hermann-Josef A1 - Mucha, Sören A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Wieczorek, Dagmar A1 - Leng, Lin A1 - Marx, Gernot A1 - Leaf, David E. A1 - Zarbock, Alexander A1 - Zacharowski, Kai A1 - Bucala, Richard A1 - Stoppe, Christian T1 - The Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) promoter polymorphisms (rs3063368, rs755622) predict acute kidney injury and death after cardiac surgery JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Background: Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is highly elevated after cardiac surgery and impacts the postoperative inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the polymorphisms CATT\(_{5–7}\) (rs5844572/rs3063368,“-794”) and G>C single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs755622,-173) in the MIF gene promoter are related to postoperative outcome. Methods: In 1116 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, the MIF gene polymorphisms were analyzed and serum MIF was measured by ELISA in 100 patients. Results: Patients with at least one extended repeat allele (CATT\(_7\)) had a significantly higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to others (23% vs. 13%; OR 2.01 (1.40–2.88), p = 0.0001). Carriers of CATT\(_7\) were also at higher risk of death (1.8% vs. 0.4%; OR 5.12 (0.99–33.14), p = 0.026). The GC genotype was associated with AKI (20% vs. GG/CC:13%, OR 1.71 (1.20–2.43), p = 0.003). Multivariate analyses identified CATT\(_7\) predictive for AKI (OR 2.13 (1.46–3.09), p < 0.001) and death (OR 5.58 (1.29–24.04), p = 0.021). CATT\(_7\) was associated with higher serum MIF before surgery (79.2 vs. 50.4 ng/mL, p = 0.008). Conclusion: The CATT\(_7\) allele associates with a higher risk of AKI and death after cardiac surgery, which might be related to chronically elevated serum MIF. Polymorphisms in the MIF gene may constitute a predisposition for postoperative complications and the assessment may improve risk stratification and therapeutic guidance. KW - acute kidney injury KW - genetic polymorphisms KW - risk prediction KW - (cardiac) surgery KW - inflammatory cytokines KW - clinical studies Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213126 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 9 IS - 9 ER - TY - THES A1 - Azar, Isabel T1 - Konzeption und Evaluation eines webbasierten Patienteninformationsprogrammes zur Überprüfung internistischer Verdachtsdiagnosen T1 - Conception and evaluation of a web-based patient information program for verification of internal suspected diagnoses N2 - Das Thema dieser Dissertation lautet „Konzeption und Evaluation eines webbasierten Patienteninformationsprogrammes zur Überprüfung internistischer Verdachtsdiagnosen“. Zusammen mit dem Institut für Informatik wurde das wissensbasierte second-opinion-System SymptomCheck entwickelt. Das Programm dient zur Überprüfung von Verdachtsdiagnosen. Es wurden Wissensbasen erstellt, in denen Symptome, Befunde und Untersuchungen nach einem Bewertungsschema beurteilt werden. Folgend wurde eine online erreichbare Startseite erstellt, auf der Nutzer vornehmlich internistische Verdachtsdiagnosen überprüfen können. Das Programm wurde in zwei Studien bezüglich seiner Sensitivität und Spezifität sowie der Benutzerfreundlichkeit getestet. In der ersten Studie wurden die Verdachtsdiagnosen ambulanter Patienten mit den ärztlich gestellten Diagnosen verglichen, eine zweite an die Allgemeinbevölkerung gerichtete Onlinestudie galt vor allem der Bewertung der Benutzerfreundlichkeit. Soweit bekannt ist dies die erste Studie in der ein selbst entwickeltes Programm selbstständig an echten Patienten getestet wurde. N2 - The topic of this dissertation is "Conception and evaluation of a web-based patient information program for verification of internal suspected diagnoses”. The second opinion system SymptomCheck was developed in cooperation with the Institute of Computer Science. The program is used to verify suspected diagnoses. Knowledge bases were created to evaluate symptoms, medical findings and examination based on an evaluation scheme. Following this an online homepage was built which allows users to verify suspected diagnoses, primarily of internal medicine. The program was tested in two studies regarding its sensitivity and specificity as well as its usability. In the first study the suspected diagnoses were compared to the medical diagnoses of ambulatory patients, a second study was directed to the general population to evaluate its usability. As far as is known this is the first study to independently evaluate a self-developed program on real patients. KW - Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem KW - Verdachtsüberprüfung KW - verification of suspected diagnoses Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199641 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baader, Anna A1 - Kiani, Behnaz A1 - Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Nathalie A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Grimm, Oliver T1 - A within-sample comparison of two innovative neuropsychological tests for assessing ADHD JF - Brain Sciences N2 - New innovative neuropsychological tests in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD have been proposed as objective measures for diagnosis and therapy. The current study aims to investigate two different commercial continuous performance tests (CPT) in a head-to-head comparison regarding their comparability and their link with clinical parameters. The CPTs were evaluated in a clinical sample of 29 adult patients presenting in an ADHD outpatient clinic. Correlational analyses were performed between neuropsychological data, clinical rating scales, and a personality-based measure. Though inattention was found to positively correlate between the two tests (r = 0.49, p = 0.01), no association with clinical measures and inattention was found for both tests. While hyperactivity did not correlate between both tests, current ADHD symptoms were positively associated with Nesplora Aquarium's motor activity (r = 0.52 to 0.61, p < 0.05) and the Qb-Test's hyperactivity (r = 0.52 to 0.71, p < 0.05). Conclusively, the overall comparability of the tests was limited and correlation with clinical parameters was low. While our study shows some interesting correlation between clinical symptoms and sub-scales of these tests, usage in clinical practice is not recommended. KW - ADHD KW - neuropsychology KW - continuous performance test KW - Qb-Test KW - Nesplora Aquarium KW - attention KW - hyperactivity KW - GHQ-28 KW - UPPS KW - impulsivity Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-220089 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 11 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bachmann, Julia A1 - Ehlert, Elias A1 - Becker, Matthias A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Radeloff, Katrin A1 - Blunk, Torsten A1 - Bauer-Kreisel, Petra T1 - Ischemia-like stress conditions stimulate trophic activities of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells JF - Cells N2 - Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have been shown to exert regenerative functions, which are mainly attributed to the secretion of trophic factors. Upon transplantation, ASCs are facing an ischemic environment characterized by oxygen and nutrient deprivation. However, current knowledge on the secretion capacity of ASCs under such conditions is limited. Thus, the present study focused on the secretory function of ASCs under glucose and oxygen deprivation as major components of ischemia. After exposure to glucose/oxygen deprivation, ASCs maintained distinct viability, but the metabolic activity was greatly reduced by glucose limitation. ASCs were able to secrete a broad panel of factors under glucose/oxygen deprivation as revealed by a cytokine antibody array. Quantification of selected factors by ELISA demonstrated that glucose deprivation in combination with hypoxia led to markedly higher secretion levels of the angiogenic and anti-apoptotic factors IL-6, VEGF, and stanniocalcin-1 as compared to the hypoxic condition alone. A conditioned medium of glucose/oxygen-deprived ASCs promoted the viability and tube formation of endothelial cells, and the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. These findings indicate that ASCs are stimulated by ischemia-like stress conditions to secrete trophic factors and would be able to exert their beneficial function in an ischemic environment. KW - adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) KW - regenerative medicine KW - secretion KW - trophic factors KW - ischemia KW - glucose starvation KW - hypoxia Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211233 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 9 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bae, Soyeon A1 - Heidrich, Lea A1 - Levick, Shaun R. A1 - Gossner, Martin M. A1 - Seibold, Sebastian A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Magdon, Paul A1 - Serebryanyk, Alla A1 - Bässler, Claus A1 - Schäfer, Deborah A1 - Schulze, Ernst-Detlef A1 - Doerfler, Inken A1 - Müller, Jörg A1 - Jung, Kirsten A1 - Heurich, Marco A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Roth, Nicolas A1 - Schall, Peter A1 - Boch, Steffen A1 - Wöllauer, Stephan A1 - Renner, Swen C. A1 - Müller, Jörg T1 - Dispersal ability, trophic position and body size mediate species turnover processes: Insights from a multi-taxa and multi-scale approach JF - Diversity and Distribution N2 - Aim: Despite increasing interest in β-diversity, that is the spatial and temporal turnover of species, the mechanisms underlying species turnover at different spatial scales are not fully understood, although they likely differ among different functional groups. We investigated the relative importance of dispersal limitations and the environmental filtering caused by vegetation for local, multi-taxa forest communities differing in their dispersal ability, trophic position and body size. Location: Temperate forests in five regions across Germany. Methods: In the inter-region analysis, the independent and shared effects of the regional spatial structure (regional species pool), landscape spatial structure (dispersal limitation) and environmental factors on species turnover were quantified with a 1-ha grain across 11 functional groups in up to 495 plots by variation partitioning. In the intra-region analysis, the relative importance of three environmental factors related to vegetation (herb and tree layer composition and forest physiognomy) and spatial structure for species turnover was determined. Results: In the inter-region analysis, over half of the explained variation in community composition (23% of the total explained 35%) was explained by the shared effects of several factors, indicative of spatially structured environmental filtering. Among the independent effects, environmental factors were the strongest on average over 11 groups, but the importance of landscape spatial structure increased for less dispersive functional groups. In the intra-region analysis, the independent effect of plant species composition had a stronger influence on species turnover than forest physiognomy, but the relative importance of the latter increased with increasing trophic position and body size. Main conclusions: Our study revealed that the mechanisms structuring assemblage composition are associated with the traits of functional groups. Hence, conservation frameworks targeting biodiversity of multiple groups should cover both environmental and biogeographical gradients. Within regions, forest management can enhance β-diversity particularly by diversifying tree species composition and forest physiognomy. KW - body size KW - dispersal ability KW - environmental filtering KW - forest physiognomy KW - neutral processes KW - plant composition KW - regional species pool KW - species turnover KW - trophic position KW - β-diversity Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236117 VL - 27 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balafoutas, Dimitrios A1 - Wöckel, Achim A1 - Wulff, Christine A1 - Joukhadar, Ralf T1 - Implementation of robotic gynecological surgery in a German University Hospital: patient safety after 110 procedures JF - Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics N2 - Purpose Robotic surgery represents the latest development in the field of minimally invasive surgery and offers many technical advantages. Despite the higher costs, this novel approach has been applied increasingly in gynecological surgery. Regarding the implementation of a new operative method; however, the most important factor to be aware of is patient safety. In this study, we describe our experience in implementing robotic surgery in a German University Hospital focusing on patient safety after 110 procedures. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 110 consecutive robotic procedures performed in the University Hospital of Würzburg between June 2017 and September 2019. During this time, 37 patients were treated for benign general gynecological conditions, 27 patients for gynecological malignancies, and 46 patients for urogynecological conditions. We evaluated patient safety through standardized assessment of intra- and postoperative complications, which were categorized according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Results No complications were recorded in 90 (81.8%) operations. We observed Clavien–Dindo grade I complications in 8 (7.3%) cases, grade II complications in 5 (4.5%) cases, grade IIIa complications in 1 case (0.9%), and grade IIIb complications in 6 (5.5%) cases. No conversion to laparotomy or blood transfusion was needed. Conclusion Robotic surgery could be implemented for complex gynecological operations without relevant problems and was accompanied by low complication rates. KW - robotic hysterectomy KW - robotic sacrocolpopexy KW - implementation KW - robotic complications KW - polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232650 SN - 0932-0067 VL - 302 ER - TY - THES A1 - Balk, Stefanie Margarete T1 - Der Einfluss des Kalziumkanalagonisten R-Roscovitine auf die zelluläre Differenzierung von Motoneuronen eines Mausmodells für Spinale Muskelatrophie Typ 1 (SMA) T1 - The effect of the calcium channel agonist R-Roscovitine on cellular differentiation of motoneurons from a mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (SMA) N2 - Die spinale Muskelatrophie (SMA) ist eine monogenetische Erkrankung, bei der es durch den Verlust des SMN Proteins zur Degeneration der α-Motoneurone im Rückenmark kommt. Abhängig vom Schweregrad zeigen die Patienten bereits innerhalb der ersten Lebensmonate ausgeprägte Lähmungen der Skelettmuskulatur und eine Zwerchfellparese einhergehend mit einer reduzierten Lebenserwartung. Mithilfe von Mausmodellen für die SMA konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Motoneuronenverlust bei Smn-defizienten Mäusen mit Störungen der Neurotransmission an der motorischen Endplatte und mit Differenzierungsstörungen der Motoneurone einhergeht. Die Differenzierungs-störungen primärer Smn-defizienter Motoneurone sind eng gekoppelt mit einer verminderten Clusterbildung spannungsabhängiger Kalziumkanäle im distalen axonalen Bereich. Dies wiederum führt zu einer verminderten Frequenz spontaner Kalziumeinströme am Axonterminus und hat eine veränderte axonale Elongation zur Folge. Es wurden folgende Aspekte in Bezug auf die Verstärkung und die Induktion spontaner Kalziumeinströme in Mausmodellen für spinale Muskelatrophien in dieser Arbeit adressiert: 1) Lassen sich spontane Kalziumeinströme in Smn-defizienten Motoneuronen durch die externe Applikation von Kalziumkanalagonisten verstärken? 2) Sind spontane Kalziumeinströme in primären Motoneuronen durch den Brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF) induzierbar? 3) Zeigen primäre Motoneurone eines Mausmodells für spinale Muskelatrophie mit Ateminsuffizienz Typ 1 (SMARD1) ebenfalls veränderte Kalziumtransienten? Die Ergebnisse meiner Arbeit zeigen, dass durch den Kalziumkanalagonisten R-Roscovitine die Frequenz der spontanen Kalziumeinströme im distalen Axon von Smn-defizienten Motoneuronen signifikant erhöht wird. Dies hat wiederum einen regulierenden Effekt auf die Differenzierung der SMA Motoneurone zur Folge. Smn-defiziente Motoneurone zeigen somit keine Unterschiede mehr in Bezug auf Axonlängen und Wachstumskegelflächen im Vergleich zu Kontrollzellen. Für R- 10 Roscovitine ist neben der agonistischen Wirkung am Kalziumkanal auch ein inhibitorischer Effekt auf die Cyclin-abhängige Kinase 5 beschrieben. Es konnte jedoch gezeigt werden, dass die erhöhten Kalziumtransienten unter der Behandlung mit R-Roscovitine durch eine direkte Bindung an die Cav2 Kalziumkanäle verursacht werden und nicht durch eine Cdk5 Blockade. Dafür spricht die schnelle und reversible Wirkung von R-Roscovitine, sowie die Aufhebung des R-Roscovitines Effekts bei gleichzeitiger Gabe des Cav2.2 Antagonisten ω-Conotoxin MVIIC. Der zweite Aspekt dieser Arbeit behandelt den Einfluss der neurotrophen Faktoren BDNF, CNTF und GDNF auf die Kalziumtransienten am Wachstumskegel wildtypischer Motoneurone. Der Vergleich der neurotrophen Faktoren zeigt, dass nur BDNF eine induzierende Wirkung auf spontane Kalziumtransienten am Wachstumskegel hat. Der letzte Abschnitt dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Kalziumtransienten bei Motoneuronen aus dem Nmd2J (SMARD1) Mausmodell. Die SMARD1 gilt als eigenständige Form der spinalen Muskelatrophien mit unterschiedlicher Genetik und unterschiedlichen klinischen Merkmalen. Die Motoneurone weisen in Bezug auf die Kalziumtransienten keine Unterschiede zwischen Wildtyp und Nmd2J Mutante auf. Es ergibt sich somit kein Hinweis darauf, dass die Degeneration der Motoneurone bei der SMARD1 von einer Störung der Kalziumhomöostase im distalen axonalen Bereich ausgeht. N2 - Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a monogenetic disorder which is caused by the loss of the SMN Protein and leads to the degeneration of α-motoneurons. Within the first few months of life most patients are clinically affected with severe motor deficits of skeletal muscles and a diaphragm paralysis, going along with a reduced life expectancy depening on the degree of severity. With the aid of SMA mouse models it was shown that the loss of motoneurons with Smn deficiancy lies in an impaired neurotransmission of the motoneuron endplat leading to a differentiation disorder of the motoneurons. This differentiation disorder is strongly connected to a reduced cluster formation of voltage-dependent calcium channels in the distal axonal area. The impaired cluster formation in turn leads to a reduced frequency of spontanous calcium transients at the axon terminus, followed by an altered axonal elongation. In this work the following aspects concerning the enhancement and induction of spontanous calcium transients in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy were adressed: 1) Does the external application of calcium channel agonists increase spontanous calcium transients in Smn-deficient motoneurons? 2) Is the neurotrophic factor Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) able to induce spontanous calcium transients in primary motoneurons? 3) Do primary motoneurons of a mouse model for spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress (SMARD1) show altered calcium transients as well? The results of my work show that the calcium channel agonist R-Roscovitine significantly increases the frequency of spontanous calcium transients in growth cones of Smn-deficient motoneurons which in turn has a regulatory effect on the differentiation of SMA motoneurons. Smn-deficient motoneurons treated with R-Roscovitine do not show any differences concerning axon length and growth cone size compared to control cells. Apart from the agonist effect on the calcium channels, R-Roscovitine also has an inhibitory impact on the cyclin-dependant kinase 5. The results of this work show that the positive effect on the calcium 12 transients under R-Roscovitine treatment is because R-Roscovitine binds directly to the calcium channel rather than due to an inhibition of cdk5. Arguments supporting this idea are the rapid and reversible channel kinetics of R-Roscovitine. Plus, the effect of R-Roscovitine can be repealed when the Cav2 channal antagonist ω-conotoxin is given simultaneously. In the second part of this work the influence of the neurotrophic factors BDNF, CNTF and GDNF on the calcium transients of wildtype motoneurons is investigated. Comparing these neurotrophic factors show that only BDNF has an impact on local calcium channel kinetics in growth cones of motoneurons. The last part of this work deals with the investigation of calcium transients in motoneurons from the Nmd2J (SMARD1) mouse model. SMARD1 is an independent form of spinal muscular atrophies with different genetical and clinical aspects compared to proximal SMA. The results of this work show that Nmd2J motoneurons do not show any difference in growth cone calcium influx between wildtype and mutant. Thus, there is no indication that the degeneration of SMARD1 motoneurons has any pathophysiological similarities with motoneurons from the proximal SMA mouse model. Hence, there are also no indications that the reason for motoneuron degeneration in SMARD1 lies in an impaired calcium homeostasis in the distal axonal area. KW - Spinal muscular atrophy (DLC) KW - Spinale Muskelatrophie KW - Motoneuronenerkrankung KW - Roscovitine Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189861 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Balkenhol, Johannes A1 - Kaltdorf, Kristin V. A1 - Mammadova-Bach, Elmina A1 - Braun, Attila A1 - Nieswandt, Bernhard A1 - Dittrich, Marcus A1 - Dandekar, Thomas T1 - Comparison of the central human and mouse platelet signaling cascade by systems biological analysis JF - BMC Genomics N2 - Background Understanding the molecular mechanisms of platelet activation and aggregation is of high interest for basic and clinical hemostasis and thrombosis research. The central platelet protein interaction network is involved in major responses to exogenous factors. This is defined by systemsbiological pathway analysis as the central regulating signaling cascade of platelets (CC). Results The CC is systematically compared here between mouse and human and major differences were found. Genetic differences were analysed comparing orthologous human and mouse genes. We next analyzed different expression levels of mRNAs. Considering 4 mouse and 7 human high-quality proteome data sets, we identified then those major mRNA expression differences (81%) which were supported by proteome data. CC is conserved regarding genetic completeness, but we observed major differences in mRNA and protein levels between both species. Looking at central interactors, human PLCB2, MMP9, BDNF, ITPR3 and SLC25A6 (always Entrez notation) show absence in all murine datasets. CC interactors GNG12, PRKCE and ADCY9 occur only in mice. Looking at the common proteins, TLN1, CALM3, PRKCB, APP, SOD2 and TIMP1 are higher abundant in human, whereas RASGRP2, ITGB2, MYL9, EIF4EBP1, ADAM17, ARRB2, CD9 and ZYX are higher abundant in mouse. Pivotal kinase SRC shows different regulation on mRNA and protein level as well as ADP receptor P2RY12. Conclusions Our results highlight species-specific differences in platelet signaling and points of specific fine-tuning in human platelets as well as murine-specific signaling differences. KW - interspecies comparison KW - transcriptome KW - proteome KW - platelet KW - network KW - signaling KW - mouse KW - human KW - interactome KW - cascade Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230377 VL - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ban, Željka A1 - Griesbeck, Stefanie A1 - Tomić, Sanja A1 - Nitsch, Jörn A1 - Marder, Todd B. A1 - Piantanida, Ivo T1 - A Quadrupolar Bis-Triarylborane Chromophore as a Fluorimetric and Chirooptic Probe for Simultaneous and Selective Sensing of DNA, RNA and Proteins JF - Chemistry - A European Journal N2 - A water‐soluble tetracationic quadrupolar bis‐triarylborane chromophore showed strong binding to ds‐DNA, ds‐RNA, ss‐RNA, as well as to the naturally most abundant protein, BSA. The novel dye can distinguish between DNA/RNA and BSA by fluorescence emission separated by Δv =3600 cm\(^{-1}\), allowing for the simultaneous quantification of DNA/RNA and protein (BSA) in a mixture. The applicability of such fluorimetric differentiation in vitro was demonstrated, strongly supporting a protein‐like target as a dominant binding site of 1 in cells. Moreover, our dye also bound strongly to ss‐RNA, with the unusual rod‐like structure of the dye, decorated by four positive charges at its termini and having a hydrophobic core, acting as a spindle for wrapping A, C and U ss‐RNAs, but not poly G, the latter preserving its secondary structure. To the best of our knowledge, such unmatched, multifaceted binding activity of a small molecule toward DNA, RNA, and proteins and the selectivity of its fluorimetric and chirooptic response makes the quadrupolar bis‐triarylborane a novel chromophore/fluorophore moiety for biochemical applications. KW - boranes KW - circular dichrosism KW - fluorescent probes KW - luminescence KW - sensors Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208154 VL - 26 IS - 10 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bandleon, Sandra T1 - Der Einfluss von FKBP52 auf die Funktion von TRPC3 Kanälen im Herzen T1 - Role of FKBP52 in the regulation of TRPC3 channels in the heart N2 - Transient Receptor Potential (TRP; C-classical; TRPC) Kanäle sind Ionenkanäle in der Plasmamembran und erlauben einen nicht selektiven Ca2+-Einstrom in die Zelle. Durch die Stimulation von Gq-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptoren (GqPCRs) wird dieser Ca2+-Einstrom erhöht, wodurch über Calmodulin, die Phosphatase Calcineurin aktiviert wird. Der Transkriptionsfaktor nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) wird durch Calcineurin dephosphoryliert und wandert in den Nucleus, wo er mit anderen Transkriptionsfaktoren interagiert und Hypertrophie-induzierende Gene aktiviert. TRPC3 ist hierbei eine der relevantesten Isoformen für die Entwicklung einer Myokardhypertrophie, wie sie im Rahmen zahlreicher kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen zu finden ist. Eine kardiale Hypertrophie ist an der Pathogenese der Herzinsuffizienz beteiligt und stellt somit einen wichtigen Risikofaktor für den plötzlichen Herztod dar. Aus diesem Grund ist es von besonderer Bedeutung die Regulation von TRPC3 Kanälen und deren Einfluss auf hypertrophe Prozesse genauer zu untersuchen. In Vorversuchen wurde FK506 bindendes Protein 52 (FKBP52) als neuer Interaktionspartner von TRPC3 im Herzen gefunden. Die dabei gefundene FKBP52-Bindestelle von TRPC3 lag erstaunlicherweise außerhalb der zu erwartenden Bindestelle mit den vermeintlichen FKBP Bindemotiven. FKBP52 ist ein Immunophilin, das als cis/trans Isomerase fungiert und dadurch an der Regulation von verschiedenen Ionenkanälen beteiligt ist, darunter auch TRPC-Kanäle. Es zeigte sich, dass alle Domänen von FKBP52, bis auf die TPR3-Domäne und der C Terminus, in der Lage waren, mit TRPC3 zu interagieren. Aufgrund der Funktion der FKBPs und der Tatsache, dass TRPC3 eine Rolle in der Entwicklung einer kardialen Hypertrophie spielt, sollte in dieser Arbeit untersucht werden, ob FKBP52 die Aktivität und die nachgeschalteten hypertrophen Signalwege von TRPC3 beeinflusst. Die Downregulation von FKBP52 führte zu einer verstärkten TRPC3-abhängigen hypertrophen Antwort in neonatalen Rattenkardiomyozyten (engl. neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, NRCs). Der gleiche Effekt war sowohl in NRCs und in adulten Rattenkardiomyozyten (engl. adult rat cardiomyocytes, ARCs) zu sehen, wenn Peptidyl-Prolyl-cis-trans-Isomerase (PPIase) defiziente Mutanten von FKBP52 überexprimiert wurde. Verkürzte FKBP52 Mutanten erhöhten ebenfalls die TRPC3-abhängige Aktivität von Calcineurin, was durch eine verstärkte Translokation von NFAT in den Nucleus von NRCs zu sehen war. Außerdem konnte in NRCs und in menschlichen embryonalen Nierenzellen (engl. human embryonic kidney cells, HEK 293 Zellen), die die PPIase defizienten Mutanten exprimierten, ein erhöhter Ca2+-Einstrom in die Zelle beobachtet werden. Das gleiche war nach Downregulation von FKBP52 in HEK 293 Zellen, die TRPC3 überexprimieren (T3.9 Zellen), zu sehen. Eine funktionelle Interaktion von FKBP52 und TRPC3 konnte auch in elektrophysiologischen Messungen bestätigt werden. Nach der Interaktion von TRPC3 mit den FKBP52 Mutanten zeigte sich eine erhöhte TRPC3-Aktivität. Die Daten zeigen somit, dass TRPC3-Kanäle durch FKBP52 reguliert werden und diese Regulation abhängig von der PPIase Funktion ist. Eine Interaktion von TRPC3 mit vollfunktionsfähigem FKBP52 könnte vor einer Ca2+-Überlastung und einer damit einhergehenden pathologischen Hypertrophie des Herzens schützen. N2 - Transient Receptor Potential (TRP; C-classical; TRPC) channels are ion channels in the plasma membrane which allow a non-selective Ca2+ influx into the cell. Stimulation of Gq-protein-coupled receptors (GqPCRs) increases the Ca2+ influx and activates the phosphatase calcineurin via calmodulin. Afterwards the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is dephosphorylated by calcineurin and translocates to the nucleus, where it interacts with other transcription factors and activates hypertrophy-associated genes. TRPC3 is one of the most relevant isoforms of TRPC channels in the maladaptive hypertrophic program during chronic cardiac diseases. Hypertrophy can lead to the development of heart failure and is therefore an important risk factor for cardiac death. For this reason it is important to understand the regulation of TRPC3 channels in the heart and the influence of TRPC3 in hypertrophy. Preliminary experiments revealed FK506 binding protein 52 (FKBP52) as a novel interaction partner of TRPC3 in the heart. Surprisingly, the FKBP52 binding domain of TRPC3 was beyond the expected binding domain with the putative FKBP binding motifs. FKBP52 is an immunophilin which functions as cis/trans isomerase and is involved in the regulation of various ion channels, including TRPC channels. We demonstrated that all domains of FKBP52, except the TPR3 domain and the C-terminal region, interact with TRPC3. Due to the function of FKBPs and the fact that TRPC3 is important in development of cardiac hypertrophy, the aim of this work was to examine whether FKBP52 influences the activity and downstream hypertrophic signalling pathways of TRPC3. Downregulation of FKBP52 promoted an enhanced TRPC3-dependent hypertrophic response in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs). The same effect could be seen by overexpression of peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans-isomerase (PPIase) mutants of FKBP52 in NRCs and adult rat cardiomyocytes (ARCs). Additionally, the PPIase-deficient FKBP52 mutants increased the TRPC3-dependent activity of calcineurin, which was observed by enhanced translocation of NFAT into the nucleus of NRCs. We detected that the expression of the PPIase-deficient FKBP52 mutants in NRCs and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293 cells) increased the Ca2+ influx to the cells. A similar effect could be seen after downregulation of FKBP52 in HEK 293 cells overexpressing TRPC3 (T3.9 cells). A functional interaction of FKBP52 and TRPC3 was also confirmed in electrophysiological measurements. The interaction of TRPC3 with the FKBP52 mutants promoted an increased TRPC3 activity. The data demonstrate that TRPC3 channels are regulated by FKBP52 and that this regulation depends on the PPIase function. An interaction of TRPC3 with functional FKBP52 could protect against Ca2+ overload and Ca2+-associated pathological hypertrophy of the heart. KW - Hypertrophie KW - Calciumkanal KW - TRPC3 KW - FKBP52 Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210083 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bangalore, Disha M. A1 - Heil, Hannah S. A1 - Mehringer, Christian F. A1 - Hirsch, Lisa A1 - Hemmen, Katharina A1 - Heinze, Katrin G. A1 - Tessmer, Ingrid T1 - Automated AFM analysis of DNA bending reveals initial lesion sensing strategies of DNA glycosylases JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Base excision repair is the dominant DNA repair pathway of chemical modifications such as deamination, oxidation, or alkylation of DNA bases, which endanger genome integrity due to their high mutagenic potential. Detection and excision of these base lesions is achieved by DNA glycosylases. To investigate the remarkably high efficiency in target site search and recognition by these enzymes, we applied single molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging to a range of glycosylases with structurally different target lesions. Using a novel, automated, unbiased, high-throughput analysis approach, we were able to resolve subtly different conformational states of these glycosylases during DNA lesion search. Our results lend support to a model of enhanced lesion search efficiency through initial lesion detection based on altered mechanical properties at lesions. Furthermore, its enhanced sensitivity and easy applicability also to other systems recommend our novel analysis tool for investigations of diverse, fundamental biological interactions. KW - atomic-force microscopy KW - base pairs KW - molecular structure KW - crystal structure KW - structural basis KW - repair KW - recognition KW - 8-oxoguanine KW - thymine KW - mismatches Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231338 VL - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barthels, Fabian A1 - Marincola, Gabriella A1 - Marciniak, Tessa A1 - Konhäuser, Matthias A1 - Hammerschmidt, Stefan A1 - Bierlmeier, Jan A1 - Distler, Ute A1 - Wich, Peter R. A1 - Tenzer, Stefan A1 - Schwarzer, Dirk A1 - Ziebuhr, Wilma A1 - Schirmeister, Tanja T1 - Asymmetric Disulfanylbenzamides as Irreversible and Selective Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A JF - ChemMedChem N2 - Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent causes of nosocomial and community‐acquired infections, with drug‐resistant strains being responsible for tens of thousands of deaths per year. S. aureus sortase A inhibitors are designed to interfere with virulence determinants. We have identified disulfanylbenzamides as a new class of potent inhibitors against sortase A that act by covalent modification of the active‐site cysteine. A broad series of derivatives were synthesized to derive structure‐activity relationships (SAR). In vitro and in silico methods allowed the experimentally observed binding affinities and selectivities to be rationalized. The most active compounds were found to have single‐digit micromolar Ki values and caused up to a 66 % reduction of S. aureus fibrinogen attachment at an effective inhibitor concentration of 10 μM. This new molecule class exhibited minimal cytotoxicity, low bacterial growth inhibition and impaired sortase‐mediated adherence of S. aureus cells. KW - antibiotics KW - biofilm KW - drug design KW - sortase A Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214581 VL - 15 IS - 10 SP - 839 EP - 850 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bartram [geb. Schäfer], Caroline T1 - Der Zusammenhang der Medikamentenserumkonzentration von Stimmungsstabilisatoren mit Entzündungsparametern T1 - Association of serum concentration of mood stabilizers and inflammation markers N2 - In mehreren Studien wurden Veränderungen des Medikamentenmetabolismus von Psychopharmaka durch entzündliche Prozesse beschrieben. Diese Effekte können zu Therapieversagen oder sogar gravierenderen unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen führen. Aus diesem Grund haben wir untersucht, ob im Laufe inflammatorischer Prozesse eine Veränderung der Medikamentenserumkonzentration der Stimmungsstabilisatoren Valproat (VPA), Lamotrigin (LTG) oder Carbamazepin (CBZ) auftritt. N2 - Alterations in drug metabolism due to inflammation are reported for several psychotropic drugs. These effects may lead to treatment failure or even severe side effects. Therefore, we investigated whether there are alterations in drug serum concentration of the mood stabilizers valproate (VPA), lamotrigine (LTG) and carbamazepine (CBZ) during inflammatory activity. KW - Antiepileptika KW - Entzündungsparametern KW - Valproinsäure KW - Lamotrigin KW - Carbamazepin KW - Stimmungsstabilisator KW - C-reaktives Protein KW - Therapeutic Drug Monitoring KW - Entzündung KW - drug metabolism KW - mood stabilizer KW - Valproat KW - Lamotrigin KW - Carbamazepin Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213032 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bauer, Nikolaus Johannes T1 - Drug Monitoring von Lopinavir, Efavirenz und Nevirapin im Rahmen der antiretroviralen Kombinationstherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit HIV-Infektion in Kapstadt, Südafrika T1 - Drug Monitoring of Lopinavir, Efavirenz and Nevirapine in antiretroviral combination therapy of HIV-positive children and adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa N2 - Der Nutzen von Therapeutischem Drug Monitoring (TDM) bei der Behandlung von HIV-infizierten Kindern in Ländern mit geringen finanziellen Ressourcen ist bisher nicht gründlich erforscht worden. Pharmakokinetische Studien antiretroviraler Medikamente haben bei Kindern eine hohe intra- und interpersonale Varianz gezeigt. Dies könnte den kontinuierlichen Prozessen von Reifung, Wachstum und Körperzusammensetzung geschuldet sein. Deswegen könnte TDM zu einer sichereren und erfolgreicheren Behandlung von HIV bei Kindern in Südafrika beitragen. Diese Untersuchung einer pädiatrischen HIV-Kohorte zeigte, dass 73,5 % der Patienten innerhalb des empfohlenen therapeutischen Bereichs ihrer Medikamentenkonzentration waren. Aufgrund einer hohen interpersonalen Varianz antiretroviraler Medikamentenkonzentrationen, eine großen Zahl an Komedikationen mit Interaktionspotential, das Risiko für Non-Adhärenz und Zeichen möglicher Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen, kann TDM die Effizienz und Sicherheit der antiretroviralen Kombinationstherapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit HIV verbessern. N2 - The utility of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in HIV-infected children in low resource settings is not thoroughly investigated. Pharmacokinetic studies of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in children have shown a wide intra- and interpersonal range. This could be due to continuous processes of maturation, growth and changes in body composition. Therefore, TDM could contribute to a safe and efficient treatment of paediatric HIV in South Africa. This investigation of a paediatric HIV cohort in routine clinical care illustrated 73,5 % of the patients within the recommended therapeutic range of their drug serum concentration. Due to high interpatient variability of antiretroviral drug concentrations, a large number of concomitant medication with potential drug-drug interactions, the risk for non-adherence as well as the presence of possible ART specific adverse events, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring can improve the efficacy and safety of cART of children and adolescents. KW - HIV KW - Südafrika KW - Arzneimittelüberwachung KW - Kinderheilkunde KW - Infektiologie KW - Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring KW - Therapeutic Drug Monitoring KW - Lopinavir KW - Efavirenz KW - Nevirapin Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214647 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang Rudolf T1 - Impact of Interparticle Interaction on Thermodynamics of Nano-Channel Transport of Two Species JF - Entropy N2 - Understanding the function and control of channel transport is of paramount importance for cell physiology and nanotechnology. In particular, if several species are involved, the mechanisms of selectivity, competition, cooperation, pumping, and its modulation need to be understood. What lacks is a rigorous mathematical approach within the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, which explains the impact of interparticle in-channel interactions on the transport properties of the respective species. To achieve this, stochastic channel transport of two species is considered in a model, which different from mean field approaches, explicitly conserves the spatial correlation of the species within the channel by analysis of the stochastic dynamics within a state space, the elements of which are the channel’s spatial occupation states. The interparticle interactions determine the stochastic transitions between these states. Local flow and entropy production in this state space reveal the respective particle flows through the channel and the intensity of the Brownian ratchet like rectifying forces, which these species exert mutually on each other, together with its thermodynamic effectiveness and costs. Perfect coupling of transport of the two species is realized by an attractive empty channel and strong repulsive forces between particles of the same species. This confines the state space to a subspace with circular topology, in which the concentration gradients as thermodynamic driving forces act in series, and channel flow of both species becomes equivalent. For opposing concentration gradients, this makes the species with the stronger gradient the driving, positive entropy producing one; the other is driven and produces negative entropy. Gradients equal in magnitude make all flows vanish, and thermodynamic equilibrium occurs. A differential interparticle interaction with less repulsive forces within particles of one species but maintenance of this interaction for the other species adds a bypass path to this circular subspace. On this path, which is not involved in coupling of the two species, a leak flow of the species with less repulsive interparticle interaction emerges, which is directed parallel to its concentration gradient and, hence, produces positive entropy here. Different from the situation with perfect coupling, appropriate strong opposing concentration gradients may simultaneously parallelize the flow of their respective species, which makes each species produce positive entropy. The rectifying potential of the species with the bypass option is diminished. This implies the existence of a gradient of the other species, above which its flow and gradient are parallel for any gradient of the less coupled species. The opposite holds for the less coupled species. Its flow may always be rectified and turned anti-parallel to its gradient by a sufficiently strong opposing gradient of the other one. KW - channel transport KW - entropy production KW - thermodynamics KW - non-equilibrium thermodynamics KW - statistical mechanics KW - free energy KW - state space KW - Brownian ratchet KW - interparticle interaction Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203240 SN - 1099-4300 VL - 22 IS - 4 ER - TY - THES A1 - Baumann, Christoph T1 - Herzfrequenzregulation bei Patienten mit einer Anorexia nervosa T1 - Heart rate regulation in patients with anorexia nervosa N2 - In dieser Arbeit wurde die Herzratenvariabilität (HRV), das Interbeat-Intervall (IBI) sowie die Beziehung zwischen HRV und IBI bei gesunden Probanden, bradykarden Patienten mit einer Mutation im hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4-(HCN4) Gen sowie Patienten mit einer Anorexie nervosa (AN) untersucht. Die Haupthypothese lautete, dass die bei Patienten mit AN oft zu beobachtenden Bradykardien durch neurale Mechanismen verursacht werden. Daher wurde angenommen, dass ein Sättigungseffekt der HRV/IBI Beziehung infolge einer anhaltenden parasympathischen Kontrolle des Sinusknotenareals lediglich bei Patienten mit einer AN nachzuweisen ist. In dieser Arbeit konnte ein Sättigungseffekt der HRV/IBI-Beziehung bei Patienten mit einer Anorexia nervosa sowie bei zwei von vier Patienten mit einer HCN4-Mutation nachgewiesen werden. Bei Kontrollen konnten hingegen kaum Zeichen eines Sättigungseffekts der HRV/IBI Beziehung nachgewiesen werden. Es wurde daher geschlussfolgert, dass ein Sättigungseffekt der HRV/IBI Beziehung keine parasympathisch-vermittelte Bradykardie beweist. Es zeigt sich vielmehr, dass die Regulation des HCN4-Gens für die Bradykardie und den festgestellten HRV-Sättigungseffekt bei Patienten mit einer AN verantwortlich sein könnte. N2 - We examined heart rate variability (HRV), interbeat interval (IBI), and the HRV/IBI interrelationship in three groups of patients: healthy subjects, carriers of bradycardic hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (HCN4) mutations, and patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) to investigate if neural mechanisms control bradycardia in patients with AN. We speculated that HRV/IBI saturation due to parasympathetic control of the sinus node is detectable in patients with AN. The relationship between IBI and HRV showed saturation in patients with AN, while HRV saturation was present in two of four HCN4 mutation carriers. HRV saturation was not observed in control subjects. We conclude that HRV saturation does not prove that bradycardia is modulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. Rather, HCN4 downregulation may be responsible for bradycardia and HRV saturation in patients with AN. KW - Anorexia nervosa KW - Herzfrequenzvariabilität KW - Elektrokardiogramm Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218858 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baur, Florentin A1 - Nietzer, Sarah L. A1 - Kunz, Meik A1 - Saal, Fabian A1 - Jeromin, Julian A1 - Matschos, Stephanie A1 - Linnebacher, Michael A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Dandekar, Thomas A1 - Dandekar, Gudrun T1 - Connecting cancer pathways to tumor engines: a stratification tool for colorectal cancer combining human in vitro tissue models with boolean in silico models JF - Cancers N2 - To improve and focus preclinical testing, we combine tumor models based on a decellularized tissue matrix with bioinformatics to stratify tumors according to stage-specific mutations that are linked to central cancer pathways. We generated tissue models with BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (HROC24 and HROC87) and compared treatment responses to two-dimensional (2D) cultures and xenografts. As the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib is—in contrast to melanoma—not effective in CRC, we combined it with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. In general, our 3D models showed higher chemoresistance and in contrast to 2D a more active HGFR after gefitinib and combination-therapy. In xenograft models murine HGF could not activate the human HGFR, stressing the importance of the human microenvironment. In order to stratify patient groups for targeted treatment options in CRC, an in silico topology with different stages including mutations and changes in common signaling pathways was developed. We applied the established topology for in silico simulations to predict new therapeutic options for BRAF-mutated CRC patients in advanced stages. Our in silico tool connects genome information with a deeper understanding of tumor engines in clinically relevant signaling networks which goes beyond the consideration of single drivers to improve CRC patient stratification. KW - in silico simulation KW - 3D tissue models KW - colorectal cancer KW - BRAF mutation KW - targeted therapy KW - stratification Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193798 SN - 2072-6694 VL - 12 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bauriedl, Saskia Corinna T1 - The influence of riboregulation on fitness and virulence in Neisseria meningitidis T1 - Der Einfluss der Riboregulation auf Fitness und Virulenz von Neisseria meningitidis N2 - Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) is a human commensal that occasionally causes life-threatening infections such as bacterial meningitis and septicemia. Despite experi-mental evidence that the expression of small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) as well as the RNA chaperone Hfq affect meningococcal physiology, the impact of RNA-based regula-tion (riboregulation) on fitness and virulence in N. meningitidis is only poorly understood. Therefore, this study addressed these issues using a combination of high-throughput tech-nologies. A differential RNA-sequencing (dRNA-seq) approach was applied to produce a single-nucleotide resolution map of the primary transcriptome of N. meningitidis strain 8013. The dRNA-seq analysis predicted 1,625 transcriptional start sites including 65 putative sRNAs, of which 20 were further validated by northern blot analysis. By Hfq RNA im-munopreci-pitation sequencing a large Hfq-centered post-transcriptional regulatory net-work comprising 23 sRNAs and 401 potential mRNA targets was identified. Rifampicin stability assays demonstrated that Hfq binding confers enhanced stability on its associat-ed sRNAs. Based on these data, the interactions of two paralogous sRNAs and their cog-nate target mRNA prpB were validated in vivo as well as in vitro. Both sRNAs directly repress prpB encoding a methylisocitrate lyse which was previously shown to be involved in meningococcal colonization of the human nasopharynx. Besides the well-described RNA chaperone Hfq, FinO-domain proteins have recently been recognized as a widespread family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with regulatory roles in diverse bacteria. They display an intriguing bandwidth of target sites, ranging from a single RNA pair as recognized by plasmid-encoded FinO to the global RNA regu-lons of enterobacterial ProQ proteins. To better understand the intrinsic targeting mode of this RBP family, in vivo targets of the minimal ProQ protein of N. meningitidis were de-termined. In vivo UV crosslinking with RNA deep sequencing (UV-CLIP) identified as-sociations of ProQ with 16 sRNAs and 166 mRNAs encoding a variety of biological functions and thus revealed ProQ as another global RBP in meningococci. It could be shown that meningococcal ProQ predominantly binds to highly structured RNA regions including DNA uptake sequences (DUS) and rho-independent transcription terminators and stabilizes many of its RNA targets as proved by rifampicin stability experiments. As expected from the large suite of ProQ-bound RNAs, proQ deletion globally affects both gene and protein expression in N. meningitidis, changing the expression levels of at least 244 mRNAs and 80 proteins. Phenotypic analyses suggested that ProQ promotes oxida-tive stress tolerance and UV damage repair capacity, both of which are required for full virulence of N. meningitidis. Together, this work uncovers the co-existence of two major post-transcriptional regulons, one governed by ProQ, the other by Hfq, in N. meningitidis. It further highlights the role of these distinct RBPs and its associated sRNAs to bacterial virulence and indicates that riboregulation is likely to contribute to the way how meningococci adapt to different host niches. N2 - Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) ist ein kommensal lebendes Bakterium, welches unter nicht vollständig geklärten Bedingungen auch lebensbedrohliche Infektionen im Menschen wie bakterielle Meningitis und Sepsis verursachen kann. Obwohl experimentell nachgewiesen wurde, dass die Expression kleiner, nicht kodierender RNAs (sRNAs) so-wie des RNA-Chaperons Hfq in Meningokokken physiologisch relevant ist, blieb der Ein-fluss der RNA-basierten Genregulation (Riboregulation) auf die Fitness und Virulenz von N. meningitidis bisher unvollständig verstanden. Daher befasste sich diese Studie durch Kombination verschiedener Hochdurchsatz-Technologien mit dieser Fragestellung. Es wurde differentielle RNA-Sequenzierung (dRNA-seq) angewendet, um das primäre Transkriptom des N. meningitidis Stamms 8013 möglichst genau zu kartieren. Die durch-geführte dRNA-seq-Analyse detektierte 1.625 Transkriptionsstartstellen (TSS) einschließ-lich 65 potentieller sRNAs. Durch Anwendung von Northern-Blot-Analysen konnten an-schließend 20 sRNAs experimentell validiert werden. Darüber hinaus wurde durch Ko-Immunopräzipitation mit Hfq (RIP-seq) ein großes, Hfq-zentriertes, post- transkripti-onelles regulatorisches Netzwerk identifiziert, welches 23 sRNAs und 401 mRNAs um-fasst. Rifampicin-Stabilitätsversuche zeigten, dass durch Hfq-Bindung die Stabilität die-ser sRNAs erhöht wird. Basierend auf diesen Daten konnte die Interaktion zwischen zweier Hfq-gebundener paraloger sRNAs und der prpB mRNA sowohl in vivo als auch in vitro bestätigt werden. Beide sRNAs reprimieren die Translation des PrpB-Genes, wel-ches für eine Methylisocitratlyase kodiert und wahrscheinlich die Kolonisation des menschlichen Nasopharynxs durch Meningokokken begünstigt. Neben dem ausführlich charakterisierten RNA-Chaperon Hfq wurden Proteine mit FinO-Domäne kürzlich als eine neue Familie von RNA-bindenden Proteinen (RBPs) mit regula-torischen Funktionen in verschiedenen Bakterien identifiziert. Sie weisen eine große Bandbreite regulierter Gene auf: Während das Plasmid-kodierte FinO-Protein nur ein ein-zelnes RNA-Paar bindet, stellt das enterobakterielle ProQ-Protein ein globales RBP dar. Um die Wirkungsweise dieser RBP-Familie besser zu verstehen, wurde in vivo untersucht, wie viele RNAs mit dem minimalen ProQ-Protein in N. meningitidis assoziiert sind. Durch Kombination von UV-Crosslinken mit RNA-Sequenzierung (UV-CLIP) konnte die Bin-dung von 16 sRNAs und 166 biologisch diverser mRNAs mit ProQ identifiziert werden, welches daher ebenfalls ein globales RBP in Meningokokken darstellt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass ProQ vorwiegend RNA-Regionen mit ausgeprägter Sekundärstruktur bin-det, darunter DNA-Aufnahmesequenzen (DUS) und Rho-unabhängige Transkriptions-terminatoren. Die ProQ-Bindung führt dabei häufig zur Stabilisation der RNAs, was durch Rifampicin-Stabilitätsexperimente nachgewiesen wurde. Wie aufgrund der großen Zahl ProQ-gebundener RNAs zu erwarten, beeinflusste die Deletion des ProQ Proteins die zelluläre Expression von mindestens 244 mRNAs und 80 Proteinen. Phänotypische Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass ProQ sowohl die Toleranz gegenüber oxidativem Stress als auch die Reparatur von DNA-Schäden reguliert, die beide für die vollständige Viru-lenz von N. meningitidis von Bedeutung sind. Zusammenfassend beschreibt diese Arbeit die Koexistenz von zwei großen posttranskrip-tionellen Regulons in N. meningitidis, von denen eines von ProQ und das andere von Hfq kontrolliert wird. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die Rolle beider RBPs und ihrer assozi-ierten sRNAs für die bakterielle Virulenz verdeutlicht und hervorgehoben, dass Riboregu-lation sehr wahrscheinlich dazu beiträgt, wie sich Meningokokken an verschiedene Wirts-nischen anpassen. KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Small non-messenger RNS KW - Hfq KW - ProQ KW - Non-coding RNA KW - High throughput screening Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-192978 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauriedl, Saskia A1 - Gerovac, Milan A1 - Heidrich, Nadja A1 - Bischler, Thorsten A1 - Barquist, Lars A1 - Vogel, Jörg A1 - Schoen, Christoph T1 - The minimal meningococcal ProQ protein has an intrinsic capacity for structure-based global RNA recognition JF - Nature Communications N2 - FinO-domain proteins are a widespread family of bacterial RNA-binding proteins with regulatory functions. Their target spectrum ranges from a single RNA pair, in the case of plasmid-encoded FinO, to global RNA regulons, as with enterobacterial ProQ. To assess whether the FinO domain itself is intrinsically selective or promiscuous, we determine in vivo targets of Neisseria meningitidis, which consists of solely a FinO domain. UV-CLIP-seq identifies associations with 16 small non-coding sRNAs and 166 mRNAs. Meningococcal ProQ predominantly binds to highly structured regions and generally acts to stabilize its RNA targets. Loss of ProQ alters transcript levels of >250 genes, demonstrating that this minimal ProQ protein impacts gene expression globally. Phenotypic analyses indicate that ProQ promotes oxidative stress resistance and DNA damage repair. We conclude that FinO domain proteins recognize some abundant type of RNA shape and evolve RNA binding selectivity through acquisition of additional regions that constrain target recognition. FinO-domain proteins are bacterial RNA-binding proteins with a wide range of target specificities. Here, the authors employ UV CLIP-seq and show that minimal ProQ protein of Neisseria meningitidis binds to various small non-coding RNAs and mRNAs involved in virulence. KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - natural transformation KW - dual function KW - FinO family KW - HFQ KW - chaperone KW - transcriptome KW - regulator KW - sequence KW - in vivo Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230040 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Manuel A1 - Sperlich, Billy A1 - Zinner, Christoph A1 - Achtzehn, Silvia T1 - Intra-Individual and Seasonal Variation of Selected Biomarkers for Internal Load Monitoring in U-19 Soccer Players JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - The aim of this study was to investigate inter-day and -week as well as intra- and inter-individual variation of selected biomarkers in high-performance youth soccer players to assist practitioners interpreting player’s internal load to counteract underperformance and unwanted health risks. Eleven male youth soccer players were tested multiple times during two 3-week periods at midpoint (3-wkmid) and at the end (3-wkend) of the first half of a German under-19 1. Bundesliga season. The levels of creatine kinase (CK), urea, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured during 3-wkmid and 3-wkend each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. In 3-wkmid the CK median was 14% higher (241 vs. 212 U/L) compared to 3-wkend (P = 0.26, ES = 0.16). Overall, the medians of CK, urea (P = 0.59, ES = 0.08), and CRP (P = 0.56, ES = 0.10) during 3-wkmid did not differ to the values of 3-wkend. Daily coefficient of variations (CVs) ranged from 22 to 71% (CK), 17 to 37% (urea), and 9 to 164% (CRP). Individual medians ranged from 101 to 350 U/L (CK), 23 to 50 mg/dL (urea), and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/L (CRP). High intra-individual variability was demonstrated by large intra-individual CVs (medians: CK 50%, urea 18%, and CRP 45%). Our data show (i) large inter-day and inter-week variability of all biomarkers, depending on the external load and (ii) considerable inter- and intra-individual parameter variations. Creatine kinase concentrations could sensitively reflect soccer-specific loads during the season. KW - biomarker variability KW - creatine kinase KW - soccer KW - youth soccer KW - internal load KW - monitoring KW - point of care testing Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-209616 SN - 1664-042X VL - 11 IS - 838 ER - TY - THES A1 - Becker, Maximilian T1 - Quantifizierung des Einflusses einer mittelgradigen Aortenklappenstenose auf das Patientenoutcome bei vorbestehender Herzinsuffizienz T1 - Influence of moderate aortic stenosis on outcome in patients with systolic heart failure N2 - Hintergrund Während eine hochgradige Aortenklappenstenose in vielen Fälle eine Indikation zum Klappenersatz darstellt, wird bei mittelgradiger Aortenklappenstenose lediglich eine engmaschige echokardiographische Kontrolle empfohlen. Es besteht schließlich weitgehender Konsens, dass diese von Patienten ohne Pumpfunktionsstörung gut kompensiert werden kann. Unklar bleibt jedoch, ob dies ebenso für Patienten mit LV-Dysfunktion gilt oder ob diese als eigenständige Kohorte behandelt werden sollten. Methoden Insgesamt wurden 67 Patienten des Aortenklappenstenose-Registers im Universitätsklinikum Würzburg im mittelgradigen Stadium (AÖF 1,1 – 1,5 cm2) mit Erstdiagnose zwischen Mai 2005 und August 2013 und begleitender systolischer Herzinsuffienz (Mittelwert: Alter 75±8 Jahre, 69% männlich, EF 38,7±7,7%) retrospektiv analysiert. Diese wurden mit 139 Herzinsuffizienz-Patienten ohne Stenose des DZHI Würzburgs, welche auf die Parameter Alter, Geschlecht und Ejektionsfraktion gematcht waren, verglichen (Mittelwert: Alter 74±6 Jahre, 66% männlich, EF 38,9±2,6%). Ausgeschlossen wurden Patienten mit bikuspider Aortenklappe, Patienten nach Aortenklappenersatz, Patienten mit anderen höhergradigen Vitien sowie Patienten mit seltenen, hereditären Kardiomyopathien. Es wurden die Endpunkte allgemeiner Tod, kardialer Tod und Hospitalisierung wegen Herzinsuffizienz über einen Beobachtungszeitraum von 3 Jahren untersucht. Ergebnisse Während im Kollektiv mit mittelgradiger Aortenklappenstenose (MAKS-Kollektiv) Hypertonus und Diabetes signifikant häufiger auftraten, hatten im Vergleichskollektiv deutlich mehr Patienten eine positive Raucheranamnese und einen Herzinfarkt durchgemacht. Waren im MAKS-Kollektiv Patienten aus allen NYHA-Klassen gleichmäßig vertreten, so waren im Vergleichskollektiv vor allem Patienten der NYHA-Klasse II und III repräsentiert. Hinsichtlich echokardiographischer Messwerte zeigten MAKS-Patienten zum Baseline-Zeitpunkt in den diastolischen Parametern E/E’- Verhältnis (18,6±7 vs. 13,7±11, p=0,01) und Dezelerationszeit (232±105 ms vs. 197±79 ms, p=0,025) schlechtere Werte und hatten häufiger Vorhofflimmern (37% vs. 22%, p=0,023). Im Beobachtungszeitraum von 3 Jahren starben 25 (37%) im MAKSKollektiv vs. 36 (26%) Patienten im Vergleichskollektiv (p=0,075) an allgemeinen Todesursachen sowie 14 (21%) vs. 15 (11%) Patienten an kardiovaskulären Ursachen (p=0,035) wohingegen 17 (25%) vs. 43 (31%) Patienten wegen Herzinsuffizienz hospitalisiert wurden (p=0,57). Im Stenose-Kollektiv wurden 4 Klappenersatz-Operationen durchgeführt. In der Cox-Regression zeigte sich das Alter als derart starker Prädiktor, dass nach Adjustierung auf Alter und Geschlecht der Einfluss der mittelgradigen Aortenklappenstenose hinsichtlich allgemeinem Tod [HR 1,59 (0,94-2,68), p=0,085] und kardiovaskulärem Tod [HR 1,73 (0,81-3,68), p=0,157] das Signifikanzniveau nicht erreichte. Schlussfolgerung Zusammenfassend lässt sich anhand dieser Daten sagen, dass Patienten mit mittelgradiger Aortenklappenstenose und gleichzeitig bestehender LV-Dysfunktion ein tendenziell schlechteres Outcome im Vergleich zu Patienten ohne Aortenklappenstenose haben, wohingegen sich ihre Hospitalisierungsrate nicht unterscheidet. N2 - Severe aortic stenosis in many cases indicates an early valve replacement whereas moderate aortic stenosis should be regularly re-evaluated by echocardiographic follow up. This is due to the fact that moderate aortic stenosis is rather well compensated by patients with good systolic function. The aim of this study was to investigate if this applies as well to patients with systolic dysfunction or if they should be treated separately. KW - Aortenklappenstenose KW - Mittelgradige Aortenklappenstenose Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213348 ER - TY - THES A1 - Becker, Mira Caroline T1 - Principles of olfactory-visual integration to form a common percept in honeybees T1 - Prinzipien der olfaktorisch-visuellen Integration des Lernverhaltens der Honigbienen N2 - The honeybee is a well studied and important organism in neuroethology. The possibility to train them with a classical conditioning paradigm and their miniature brain provide a perfect requisite to investigate the neuronal principles of learning and memory. Honeybees use visual and olfactory cues to detect flowers during their foraging trips. Hence, the reward association of a nectar source is a multi-modal construct, which has at least two major components - olfactory and visual cues. It is still an open question, how both sensory components are converged in the mushroom body, which represent the multi-modal integration centre of the honeybee brain. The main goal of this study, is to investigate the processing of multiple modalities and how a reward association is formed. This includes, how and wether both sensory modalities interfere during learning. Thus, in this study stimulation with UV, blue and green light was used to evoke distinct photoreceptor activities in the compound eye. Furthermore, three different odours (Geraniol, Citronellol and Farnesol) were used. These stimuli were tested in three different experimental series. The first experiment involved classical differential conditioning of the single modalities - odour and colour. Honeybees showed high learning performances in differentiating olfactory stimuli and also reliable responses for visual conditioning. Furthermore, a temporal discrepancy in the stimulus length for best learning in the olfatcoty and visual cues was found. In the second series, it was tested how multi-modal compounds are perceived. This includes, unique cues (configural processing) or the sum of the single components of a compound (elemen- tal processing). This was tested by combining single odour components with monochromatic light in a positive (PP) and negative patterning (NP) experiment. During PP, the olfactory- visual compound was rewarded, whereas the single components were unrewarded. In contrast, during NP the single components were reinforced, but the compound was not. In addition, the ability to distinguish between two different light stimuli presented as a part of an olfactory-visual compound with the same odour component during acquisition was tested. In a memory test, the light stimuli were presented again as a compound and in addition as the single components. The results revealed that bees used elemental processing with compounds containing green and blue light. In contrast, when UV light was presented the bees used configural processing. Finally, a third experiment was conducted at the neuronal level. Multi-unit recordings were established to provide a suitable method to analyse extrinsic neurons at the mushroom body output region, the so called ventral lobe of the pedunculus. Here, three different odours (Geran- iol, Farnesol and Citronellol), two colours (green and blue) and two combined stimuli (colour + odour) were chosen as stimuli, to search for possible variations in processing stimuli with different modalities. Two units could be detected that responded mainly to visual stimuli. N2 - Die Honigbiene ist ein gut untersuchter und wichtiger Organismus für die neuroethologische Forschung. Die Möglichkeit sie auf klassische Weise zu Konditionieren und ihr relativ kleines Gehirn macht sie zum idealen Untersuchungs-Gegenstand um die neuronalen Prinzipien des Lernens und der Gedächtnisbildung zu erforschen. Während des Furagierens nutzen Honigbi- enen beides: visuelle und olfaktorische Merkmale der Futterplanzen. Daher ist die Belohnungs- Assoziation mit der Nektar-Belohnung ein multi-modales Konstrukt, welches aus mindestens zwei Hauptkomponenten, den olfaktorischen und den visuellen Reizen, besteht. In dieser Arbeit soll untersucht werden, wie olfaktorische und visuelle Reize verarbeitet wer- den und wie sie im Pilzkörper, dem multi-modalen Integrationszentrum des Bienengehirnes, konvergieren. Wie beide sensorischen Modalitäten integriert werden um eine gemeingültige Belohnungs-Assoziation zu bilden, ist immer noch eine offene Frage. Weiterhin ist unklar ob und wie sie miteinander interferieren. Die hier dargestellten Studien nutzen Stimulationen mit UV, blauem und grünem Licht um unterschiedliche Photorezeptor Aktivitäten im Komplexauge auszulösen. Des Weiteren wurden drei verschiedene Duftkomponenten (Geraniol, Citronellol und Farnesol) verwendet. Diese Stimuli wurden in drei verschiedenen Experiment-Reihen gestestet. Das erste Experiment umfasste die klassische differentielle Konditionierung der Einzelmodalitäten (Duft und Farbe). Honigbienen zeigten eine hohe Lernfähigkeit bei der Unterscheidung zweier olfaktorischer Reize sowie eine solide Lern-Leistung während der Konditionierung mit Licht. Im zweiten Experiment wurde getestet, ob ein zusammengesetzter Reiz aus beiden Modalitäten als Summe der einzelnen Elemente (elementare Verarbeitung) oder als unikaler Reiz (konfigu- rale Verarbeitung) wahrgenommen wird. Hierbei wurde monochromatisches Licht und einzelne Duftkomponenten in positive patterning- (PP) und negative patterning-Experimenten (NP) getestet. Beim PP, wurde der zusammengesetzte Reiz belohnt, wohingegen die Einzelkom- ponenten unbelohnt blieben. Dagegen wurden beim NP nur die Einzelkomponenten belohnt, aber nicht ihre Kombination. Außerdem wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob die Fähigkeit zur Differenzierung unterschiedlich ist, wenn zwei verschiedene Lichtreize teil einer olfaktorisch- visuellen Kombination sind, oder nicht. Interessanterweise zeigten die Verhaltensleistungen einen prominenten Fall von konfiguraler Verarbeitung, allerdings nur wenn UV-Licht ein El- ement der olfaktorisch-visuellen Zusammensetzung war. Die Ergebnisse der Experimente mit blauem oder grünem Licht hingegen, unterstützen die Theorie einer elementaren Verarbeitung. Abschließend wurde mittels elektrophysiologischer multi-unit-Aufnahmen eine passende Meth- ode etabliert, um die extrinsischen Neurone des Pilzkörpersausganges zu analysieren. Hierbei wurden drei verschiedene Düfte und zwei Farben sowie zwei Kombinationen aus Farbe und Duft getestet, um mögliche Variationen der multimodalen Reiz-Verarbeitung zu untersuchen. Zwei neuronale Einheiten (units) wurden gefunden, welche hauptsächlich auf Lichtreize antworteten. KW - honeybees KW - learning and behaviour KW - multi-modal stimuli Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199190 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beer, Katharina A1 - Helfrich-Förster, Charlotte T1 - Model and Non-model Insects in Chronobiology JF - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience N2 - The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established model organism in chronobiology, because genetic manipulation and breeding in the laboratory are easy. The circadian clock neuroanatomy in D. melanogaster is one of the best-known clock networks in insects and basic circadian behavior has been characterized in detail in this insect. Another model in chronobiology is the honey bee Apis mellifera, of which diurnal foraging behavior has been described already in the early twentieth century. A. mellifera hallmarks the research on the interplay between the clock and sociality and complex behaviors like sun compass navigation and time-place-learning. Nevertheless, there are aspects of clock structure and function, like for example the role of the clock in photoperiodism and diapause, which can be only insufficiently investigated in these two models. Unlike high-latitude flies such as Chymomyza costata or D. ezoana, cosmopolitan D. melanogaster flies do not display a photoperiodic diapause. Similarly, A. mellifera bees do not go into “real” diapause, but most solitary bee species exhibit an obligatory diapause. Furthermore, sociality evolved in different Hymenoptera independently, wherefore it might be misleading to study the social clock only in one social insect. Consequently, additional research on non-model insects is required to understand the circadian clock in Diptera and Hymenoptera. In this review, we introduce the two chronobiology model insects D. melanogaster and A. mellifera, compare them with other insects and show their advantages and limitations as general models for insect circadian clocks. KW - circadian clock KW - complex behavior KW - diapause KW - sociality KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - Apis mellifera Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218721 SN - 1662-5153 VL - 14 ER -