TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fa, John E.
A1  - Olivero, Jesús
A1  - Real, Raimundo
A1  - Farfán, Miguel A.
A1  - Márquez, Ana L.
A1  - Vargas, J. Mario
A1  - Ziegler, Stefan
A1  - Wegmann, Martin
A1  - Brown, David
A1  - Margetts, Barrie
A1  - Nasi, Robert
T1  - Disentangling the relative effects of bushmeat availability on human nutrition in central Africa
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - We studied links between human malnutrition and wild meat availability within the Rainforest Biotic Zone in central Africa. We distinguished two distinct hunted mammalian diversity distributions, one in the rainforest areas (Deep Rainforest Diversity, DRD) containing taxa of lower hunting sustainability, the other in the northern rainforest-savanna mosaic, with species of greater hunting potential (Marginal Rainforest Diversity, MRD). Wild meat availability, assessed by standing crop mammalian biomass, was greater in MRD than in DRD areas. Predicted bushmeat extraction was also higher in MRD areas. Despite this, stunting of children, a measure of human malnutrition, was greater in MRD areas. Structural equation modeling identified that, in MRD areas, mammal diversity fell away from urban areas, but proximity to these positively influenced higher stunting incidence. In DRD areas, remoteness and distance from dense human settlements and infrastructures explained lower stunting levels. Moreover, stunting was higher away from protected areas. Our results suggest that in MRD areas, forest wildlife rational use for better human nutrition is possible. By contrast, the relatively low human populations in DRD areas currently offer abundant opportunities for the continued protection of more vulnerable mammals and allow dietary needs of local populations to be met.
KW  - plant species richness
KW  - development policy
KW  - Congo Basin
KW  - conservation
KW  - dependence
KW  - wildlife consumption
KW  - food security
KW  - forests
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - hotspots
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144110
VL  - 5
IS  - 8168
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Floren, Andreas
A1  - Mupepele, Anne-Christine
A1  - Müller, Tobias
A1  - Dittrich, Marcus
T1  - Are Temperate Canopy Spiders Tree-Species Specific?
N2  - Arboreal spiders in deciduous and coniferous trees were investigated on their distribution and diversity. Insecticidal knock-down was used to comprehensively sample spiders from 175 trees from 2001 to 2003 in the Białowieża forest and three remote forests in Poland. We identified 140 species from 9273 adult spiders. Spider communities were distinguished between deciduous and coniferous trees. The richest fauna was collected from Quercus where beta diversity was also highest. A tree-species-specific pattern was clearly observed for Alnus, Carpinus, Picea and Pinus trees and also for those tree species that were fogged in only four or three replicates, namely Betula and Populus. This hitherto unrecognised association was mainly due to the community composition of common species identified in a Dufrene-Legendre indicator species analysis. It was not caused by spatial or temporal autocorrelation. Explaining tree-species specificity for generalist predators like spiders is difficult and has to involve physical and ecological tree parameters like linkage with the abundance of prey species. However, neither did we find a consistent correlation of prey group abundances with spiders nor could differences in spider guild composition explain the observed pattern. Our results hint towards the importance of deterministic mechanisms structuring communities of generalist canopy spiders although the casual relationship is not yet understood.
KW  - trees
KW  - spiders
KW  - conifers
KW  - forests
KW  - predation
KW  - oaks
KW  - community structures
KW  - pines
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111413
ER  -