TY  - JOUR
A1  - Timmermans, Wim J.
A1  - van der Tol, Christiaan
A1  - Timmermans, Joris
A1  - Ucer, Murat
A1  - Chen, Xuelong
A1  - Alonso, Luis
A1  - Moreno, Jose
A1  - Carrara, Arnaud
A1  - Lopez, Ramon
A1  - Fernando de la Cruz, Tercero
A1  - Corcoles, Horacio L.
A1  - de Miguel, Eduardo
A1  - Sanchez, Jose A. G.
A1  - Perez, Irene
A1  - Belen, Perez
A1  - Munoz, Juan-Carlos J.
A1  - Skokovic, Drazen
A1  - Sobrino, Jose
A1  - Soria, Guillem
A1  - MacArthur, Alasdair
A1  - Vescovo, Loris
A1  - Reusen, Ils
A1  - Andreu, Ana
A1  - Burkart, Andreas
A1  - Cilia, Chiara
A1  - Contreras, Sergio
A1  - Corbari, Chiara
A1  - Calleja, Javier F.
A1  - Guzinski, Radoslaw
A1  - Hellmann, Christine
A1  - Herrmann, Ittai
A1  - Kerr, Gregoire
A1  - Lazar, Adina-Laura
A1  - Leutner, Benjamin
A1  - Mendiguren, Gorka
A1  - Nasilowska, Sylwia
A1  - Nieto, Hector
A1  - Pachego-Labrador, Javier
A1  - Pulanekar, Survana
A1  - Raj, Rahul
A1  - Schikling, Anke
A1  - Siegmann, Bastian
A1  - von Bueren, Stefanie
A1  - Su, Zhongbo (Bob)
T1  - An Overview of the Regional Experiments for Land-atmosphere Exchanges 2012 (REFLEX 2012) Campaign
JF  - Acta Geophysica
N2  - The REFLEX 2012 campaign was initiated as part of a training course on the organization of an airborne campaign to support advancement of the understanding of land-atmosphere interaction processes. This article describes the campaign, its objectives and observations, remote as well as in situ. The observations took place at the experimental Las Tiesas farm in an agricultural area in the south of Spain. During the period of ten days, measurements were made to capture the main processes controlling the local and regional land-atmosphere exchanges. Apart from multi-temporal, multi-directional and multi-spatial space-borne and airborne observations, measurements of the local meteorology, energy fluxes, soil temperature profiles, soil moisture profiles, surface temperature, canopy structure as well as leaf-level measurements were carried out. Additional thermo-dynamical monitoring took place at selected sites. After presenting the different types of measurements, some examples are given to illustrate the potential of the observations made.
KW  - multi scale heterogeneity
KW  - quantitative remote sensing
KW  - remote
KW  - evapotranspiration
KW  - validation
KW  - issues
KW  - energy
KW  - models
KW  - water
KW  - flux
KW  - land-atmosphere interaction
KW  - turbulence
KW  - calibration and validation
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-136491
VL  - 63
IS  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuhn, Joachim
A1  - Gripp, Tatjana
A1  - Flieder, Tobias
A1  - Dittrich, Marcus
A1  - Hendig, Doris
A1  - Busse, Jessica
A1  - Knabbe, Cornelius
A1  - Birschmann, Ingvild
T1  - UPLC-MRM Mass Spectrometry Method for Measurement of the Coagulation Inhibitors Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban in Human Plasma and Its Comparison with Functional Assays
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - Introduction The fast, precise, and accurate measurement of the new generation of oral anticoagulants such as dabigatran and rivaroxaban in patients' plasma my provide important information in different clinical circumstances such as in the case of suspicion of overdose, when patients switch from existing oral anticoagulant, in patients with hepatic or renal impairment, by concomitant use of interaction drugs, or to assess anticoagulant concentration in patients' blood before major surgery. Methods Here, we describe a quick and precise method to measure the coagulation inhibitors dabigatran and rivaroxaban using ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode (UPLC-MRM MS). Internal standards (ISs) were added to the sample and after protein precipitation; the sample was separated on a reverse phase column. After ionization of the analytes the ions were detected using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Run time was 2.5 minutes per injection. Ion suppression was characterized by means of post-column infusion. Results The calibration curves of dabigatran and rivaroxaban were linear over the working range between 0.8 and 800 mu g/L (r > 0.99). Limits of detection (LOD) in the plasma matrix were 0.21 mu g/L for dabigatran and 0.34 mu g/L for rivaroxaban, and lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) in the plasma matrix were 0.46 mu g/L for dabigatran and 0.54 mu g/L for rivaroxaban. The intraassay coefficients of variation (CVs) for dabigatran and rivaroxaban were < 4% and 6%; respectively, the interassay CVs were < 6% for dabigatran and < 9% for rivaroxaban. Inaccuracy was < 5% for both substances. The mean recovery was 104.5% (range 83.8-113.0%) for dabigatran and 87.0%(range 73.6-105.4%) for rivaroxaban. No significant ion suppressions were detected at the elution times of dabigatran or rivaroxaban. Both coagulation inhibitors were stable in citrate plasma at -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C and even at RT for at least one week. A method comparison between our UPLC-MRM MS method, the commercially available automated Direct Thrombin Inhibitor assay (DTI assay) for dabigatran measurement from CoaChrom Diagnostica, as well as the automated anti-Xa assay for rivaroxaban measurement from Chromogenix both performed by ACL-TOP showed a high degree of correlation. However, UPLC-MRM MS measurement of dabigatran and rivaroxaban has a much better selectivity than classical functional assays measuring activities of various coagulation factors which are susceptible to interference by other coagulant drugs. Conclusions Overall, we developed and validated a sensitive and specific UPLC-MRM MS assay for the quick and specific measurement of dabigatran and rivaroxaban in human plasma.
KW  - LC-MS/MS
KW  - validation
KW  - serum
KW  - quantification
KW  - apixaban
KW  - diagnostic accuracy
KW  - performance liquid chromatography
KW  - factor XA inhibitor
KW  - direct oral anticoagulants
KW  - direct thrombin inhibitor
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-136023
VL  - 10
IS  - 12
ER  -