TY - THES A1 - Giner, Martin T1 - Signalmechanismen der epithelialen Proliferation und DIfferenzierung T1 - Signal mechanisms of Proliferation and Differentiation in Epithelia N2 - Gestörte Proliferations- und Differenzierungsprozesse in Keratinozyten spielen eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese vieler Hauterkrankungen. Intrazelluläre Signalmechanismen, die die korrekte Balance zwischen epidermaler Proliferation und Differenzierung aufrecht halten, sind bis jetzt größtenteils unbekannt. Einer dieser ausschlaggebenden Transkriptionsfaktoren ist der Nukleäre Faktor-kappaB (NF-kB). Uns interessierte der Einfluss des IKK/IkBa/NF-kB-Signalweges auf das intrinsische Differenzierungsprogramm von Keratinozyten. Mittels retroviraler Infektion wurden sowohl in primären Keratinozyten als auch in HaCaT verschieden mutante Formen von Faktoren des NF-kB-Signalweges eingebracht: dominant negative (dn) Formen der IKK1 und IKK2, eine konstitutiv aktive Form der IKK2 (IKK2 EE) und eine nicht-degradierbare Form des Inhibitors IkBa. Zusätzlich wurden auch pharmakologische Inhibitoren von NF-kB (BAY 11-7082 und SC-514) untersucht. Die Funktionalität der Mutanten wurde im Westernblot durch Analyse der IkBa Degradation überprüft. Anschließend wurde die Differenzierung der Keratinozyten durch Erhöhung des extrazellulären Calciums induziert. Der Grad der Differenzierung wurde durch morphologische Studien und Untersuchung der Expression der Differenzierungs-marker p21 und Involucrin untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu Ergebnissen aus Tiermodellen, konnten wir keine Effekte der mutierten IkB Kinasen 1 und 2 auf die Calcium-induzierte in vitro Differenzierung beobachten. Jedoch wurde die Aktivierung inflammatorischer Gene, gemessen an der Induktion von ICAM-1 und IL-8 nach TNF-a Stimulation, vollständig in den IKK2 KD und mut IkBa exprimierenden Zellen inhibiert. In der Zelllinie, welche die entsprechende IKK1 Mutante trug, wurde deren Expression nur teilweise geblockt. Zusammenfassend lässt sich aus unseren Ergebnissen schließen, dass zumindest in vitro IKK1 und IKK2 nicht an der Regulation des Calcium-induzierten intrinsischen Differen-zierungsprozesses von Keratinozyten beteiligt sind, jedoch eine zentrale Rolle in der inflammatorischen Aktivierung dieser Zellen spielen. N2 - Disturbed proliferation and differentiation processes of keratinocytes play a major role in the pathogenesis of many skin diseases. Intracellular signalling mechanisms which regulate the balance between epidermal proliferation and differentiation, however, are thus far largely unknown. Earlier reports suggest a role for the transcription factor nuclear factor–kappaB (NF-kB) in such processes. Here we attempted to analyze the impact of the IKK/IkBa/NF-kB signalling pathway on the intrinsic differentiation process of keratinocytes. Primary human keratinocytes as well as HaCaT cells were retrovirally infected to express different mutant forms of components of the IKK/NF-kB pathway: dominant negative (dn) mutants of NF-kB upstream kinases IKK1 and IKK2, a constitutive active form of IKK2 (IKK2 EE), and a non degradable mutant form of IkBa. In addition, pharmacological inhibitors of the pathway such as BAY 11-7082 and SC-514 were analysed. Proper functionality of the generated mutants was subsequently confirmed by Western blot analysis monitoring induced IkBa degradation. Thereafter, differentiation of keratinocytes was induced by elevation of extracellular calcium levels. The differentiation state of keratinocytes was then assessed by studying morphology and expression of differentiation markers such as p21 as well as involucrin. In contrast to data reported from animal models, we could not detect any effects of mutated IKK1 or IKK2 on the calcium-induced intrinsic differentiation program in keratinocytes. However, inflammatory activation of keratinocytes as measured by TNF-a-mediated up-regulation of ICAM-1 and IL-8 was almost completely inhibited in cells expressing dn IKK2 and the IkBa mutant form whereas it was only partly blocked in IKK1dn cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that, in least in vitro, IKK1 and IKK2 are not involved in the regulation of calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation while they are pivotal for inflammatory activation of these cells. KW - NF-kappaB KW - Keratinozyten KW - Involucrin KW - Differenzierung KW - Proliferation KW - inflammatorische Antwort KW - NF-kappaB KW - Keratinocytes KW - Involucrin KW - differentiation KW - proliferation KW - inflammatory response Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-27069 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Enigk, Fabian A1 - Wagner, Antje A1 - Samapati, Rudi A1 - Rittner, Heike A1 - Brack, Alexander A1 - Mousa, Shaaban A. A1 - Schäfer, Michael A1 - Habazettl, Helmut A1 - Schäper, Jörn T1 - Thoracic epidural anesthesia decreases endotoxin-induced endothelial injury JF - BMC Anesthesiology N2 - Background: The sympathetic nervous system is considered to modulate the endotoxin-induced activation of immune cells. Here we investigate whether thoracic epidural anesthesia with its regional symapathetic blocking effect alters endotoxin-induced leukocyte-endothelium activation and interaction with subsequent endothelial injury. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized, cannulated and hemodynamically monitored. E. coli lipopolysaccharide (Serotype 0127: B8, 1.5 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)) or isotonic saline (controls) was infused for 300 minutes. An epidural catheter was inserted for continuous application of lidocaine or normal saline in endotoxemic animals and saline in controls. After 300 minutes we measured catecholamine and cytokine plasma concentrations, adhesion molecule expression, leukocyte adhesion, and intestinal tissue edema. Results: In endotoxemic animals with epidural saline, LPS significantly increased the interleukin-1 beta plasma concentration (48%), the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules E-selectin (34%) and ICAM-1 (42%), and the number of adherent leukocytes (40%) with an increase in intestinal myeloperoxidase activity (26%) and tissue edema (75%) when compared to healthy controls. In endotoxemic animals with epidural infusion of lidocaine the values were similar to those in control animals, while epinephrine plasma concentration was 32% lower compared to endotoxemic animals with epidural saline. Conclusions: Thoracic epidural anesthesia attenuated the endotoxin-induced increase of IL-1 beta concentration, adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte-adhesion with subsequent endothelial injury. A potential mechanism is the reduction in the plasma concentration of epinephrine. KW - endotoxemia KW - myeloperoxidase KW - endothelial injury KW - adhesion molecules KW - inflammatory response KW - intestinal microvascular perfusion KW - cell-adhesion KW - induced impairment KW - reperfusion injury KW - sepsis KW - neutrophil KW - lidocaine KW - lung injury KW - cytokines KW - epidural anesthesia Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116787 VL - 14 IS - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schmitz, Tobias A1 - Jannasch, Maren A1 - Weigel, Tobias A1 - Moseke, Claus A1 - Gbureck, Uwe A1 - Groll, Jürgen A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Hansmann, Jan T1 - Nanotopographical Coatings Induce an Early Phenotype-Specific Response of Primary Material-Resident M1 and M2 Macrophages JF - Materials N2 - Implants elicit an immunological response after implantation that results in the worst case in a complete implant rejection. This biomaterial-induced inflammation is modulated by macrophages and can be influenced by nanotopographical surface structures such as titania nanotubes or fractal titanium nitride (TiN) surfaces. However, their specific impact on a distinct macrophage phenotype has not been identified. By using two different levels of nanostructures and smooth samples as controls, the influence of tubular TiO2 and fractal TiN nanostructures on primary human macrophages with M1 or M2-phenotype was investigated. Therefore, nanotopographical coatings were either, directly generated by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or by electrochemical anodization of titanium PVD coatings. The cellular response of macrophages was quantitatively assessed to demonstrate a difference in biocompatibility of nanotubes in respect to human M1 and M2-macrophages. Depending on the tube diameter of the nanotubular surfaces, low cell numbers and impaired cellular activity, was detected for M2-macrophages, whereas the impact of nanotubes on M1-polarized macrophages was negligible. Importantly, we could confirm this phenotypic response on the fractal TiN surfaces. The results indicate that the investigated topographies specifically impact the macrophage M2-subtype that modulates the formation of the fibrotic capsule and the long-term response to an implant. KW - nanotopographical surfaces KW - combination of physical vapor deposition and electrochemical etching KW - defined humanized test system KW - inflammatory response Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203378 SN - 1996-1944 VL - 13 IS - 5 ER -