TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rasheed, Huma
A1  - Höllein, Ludwig
A1  - Holzgrabe, Ulrike
T1  - Future information technology tools for fighting substandard and falsified medicines in low- and middle-income countries
JF  - Frontiers in Pharmacology
N2  - Substandard and falsified (SF) medicines have emerged as a global public health issue within the last two decades especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Serious consequences of this problem include a loss of trust and increased financial costs due to less disease control and more frequent complications during therapy. Of note, antimicrobial resistance is an additional long-term implication of poor-quality antimicrobials. This review covers information technology tools including medicines authentication tools (MAT) as mobile apps and messaging service, 2D barcoding approaches with drug safety alert systems, web based drug safety alerts, radiofrequency identification tags, databases to support visual inspection, digital aids to enhance the performance of quality evaluation kits, reference libraries for identification of falsified and substandard medicines, and quality evaluation kits based on machine learning for field testing. While being easy to access and simple to use, these initiatives are gaining acceptance in LMICs. Implementing 2D barcoding based on end-to-end verification and "Track and Trace" systems has emerged as a step toward global security in the supply chain. A breakthrough in web-based drug safety alert systems and data bases was the establishment of the Global Surveillance and Monitoring System by the World Health Organization in 2013. Future applications include concepts including "lab on a chip" and "paper analytical devices" and are claimed to be convenient and simple to use as well as affordable. The principles discussed herein are making profound impact in the fight against substandard and falsified medicines, offering cheap and accessible solutions.
KW  - track and trace
KW  - information technology
KW  - medicine authentication tools
KW  - mobile apps
KW  - quality evaluation
KW  - field testing
KW  - substandard and falsified medicines
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177068
VL  - 9
IS  - 995
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krupitzer, Christian
A1  - Eberhardinger, Benedikt
A1  - Gerostathopoulos, Ilias
A1  - Raibulet, Claudia
T1  - Introduction to the special issue “Applications in Self-Aware Computing Systems and their Evaluation”
JF  - Computers
N2  - The joint 1st Workshop on Evaluations and Measurements in Self-Aware Computing Systems (EMSAC 2019) and Workshop on Self-Aware Computing (SeAC) was held as part of the FAS* conference alliance in conjunction with the 16th IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC) and the 13th IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO) in Umeå, Sweden on 20 June 2019. The goal of this one-day workshop was to bring together researchers and practitioners from academic environments and from the industry to share their solutions, ideas, visions, and doubts in self-aware computing systems in general and in the evaluation and measurements of such systems in particular. The workshop aimed to enable discussions, partnerships, and collaborations among the participants. This special issue follows the theme of the workshop. It contains extended versions of workshop presentations as well as additional contributions.
KW  - self-aware computing systems
KW  - quality evaluation
KW  - measurements
KW  - quality assurance
KW  - autonomous
KW  - self-adaptive
KW  - self-managing systems
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203439
SN  - 2073-431X
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -