TY - JOUR A1 - Hiew, Shawn A1 - Eibeck, Leila A1 - Nguemeni, Carine A1 - Zeller, Daniel T1 - The influence of age and physical activity on locomotor adaptation JF - Brain Sciences N2 - Background: Aging increases individual susceptibility to falls and injuries, suggesting poorer adaptation of balance responses to perturbation during locomotion, which can be measured with the locomotor adaptation task (LAT). However, it is unclear how aging and lifestyle factors affect these responses during walking. Hence, the present study investigates the relationship between balance and lifestyle factors during the LAT in healthy individuals across the adult lifespan using a correlational design. Methods: Thirty participants aged 20–78 years performed an LAT on a split-belt treadmill (SBT). We evaluated the magnitude and rate of adaptation and deadaptation during the LAT. Participants reported their lifelong physical and cognitive activity. Results: Age positively correlated with gait-line length asymmetry at the late post-adaptation phase (p = 0.007). These age-related effects were mediated by recent physical activity levels (p = 0.040). Conclusion: Our results confirm that locomotor adaptive responses are preserved in aging, but the ability to deadapt newly learnt balance responses is compromised with age. Physical activity mediates these age-related effects. Therefore, gait symmetry post-adaptation could effectively measure the risk of falling, and maintaining physical activity could protect against declines in balance. KW - locomotor adaptation KW - walking KW - physical activity KW - exercise KW - aging KW - balance Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-362478 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 13 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nowacka-Chmielewska, Marta A1 - Grabowska, Konstancja A1 - Grabowski, Mateusz A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Burek, Malgorzata A1 - Małecki, Andrzej T1 - Running from stress: neurobiological mechanisms of exercise-induced stress resilience JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - Chronic stress, even stress of a moderate intensity related to daily life, is widely acknowledged to be a predisposing or precipitating factor in neuropsychiatric diseases. There is a clear relationship between disturbances induced by stressful stimuli, especially long-lasting stimuli, and cognitive deficits in rodent models of affective disorders. Regular physical activity has a positive effect on the central nervous system (CNS) functions, contributes to an improvement in mood and of cognitive abilities (including memory and learning), and is correlated with an increase in the expression of the neurotrophic factors and markers of synaptic plasticity as well as a reduction in the inflammatory factors. Studies published so far show that the energy challenge caused by physical exercise can affect the CNS by improving cellular bioenergetics, stimulating the processes responsible for the removal of damaged organelles and molecules, and attenuating inflammation processes. Regular physical activity brings another important benefit: increased stress robustness. The evidence from animal studies is that a sedentary lifestyle is associated with stress vulnerability, whereas a physically active lifestyle is associated with stress resilience. Here, we have performed a comprehensive PubMed Search Strategy for accomplishing an exhaustive literature review. In this review, we discuss the findings from experimental studies on the molecular and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the impact of exercise on brain resilience. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective potential of preconditioning exercise and of the role of exercise in stress resilience, among other things, may open further options for prevention and therapy in the treatment of CNS diseases. KW - stress KW - stress resilience KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - neuropsychiatric disorders KW - physical activity KW - exercise Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297407 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 23 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haeusler, Karl Georg A1 - Herm, Juliane A1 - Kunze, Claudia A1 - Krüll, Matthias A1 - Brechtel, Lars A1 - Lock, Jürgen A1 - Hohenhaus, Marc A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U. A1 - Fiebach, Jochen B. A1 - Haverkamp, Wilhelm A1 - Endres, Matthias A1 - Jungehulsing, Gerhard Jan T1 - Rate of cardiac arrhythmias and silent brain lesions in experienced marathon runners: rationale, design and baseline data of the Berlin Beat of Running study JF - BMC Cardiovascular Disorders N2 - Background: Regular exercise is beneficial for cardiovascular health but a recent meta-analysis indicated a relationship between extensive endurance sport and a higher risk of atrial fibrillation, an independent risk factor for stroke. However, data on the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias or (clinically silent) brain lesions during and after marathon running are missing. Methods/Design: In the prospective observational "Berlin Beat of Running" study experienced endurance athletes underwent clinical examination (CE), 3 Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), carotid ultrasound imaging (CUI) and serial blood sampling (BS) within 2-3 days prior (CE, MRI, CUI, BS), directly after (CE, BS) and within 2 days after (CE, MRI, BS) the 38\(^{th}\) BMW BERLIN-MARATHON 2011. All participants wore a portable electrocardiogram (ECG)-recorder throughout the 4 to 5 days baseline study period. Participants with pathological MRI findings after the marathon, troponin elevations or detected cardiac arrhythmias will be asked to undergo cardiac MRI to rule out structural abnormalities. A follow-up is scheduled after one year. Results: Here we report the baseline data of the enrolled 110 athletes aged 36-61 years. Their mean age was 48.8 \(\pm\) 6.0 years, 24.5% were female, 8.2% had hypertension and 2.7% had hyperlipidaemia. Participants have attended a mean of 7.5 \(\pm\) 6.6 marathon races within the last 5 years and a mean of 16 \(\pm\) 36 marathon races in total. Their weekly running distance prior to the 38\(^{th}\) BMW BERLIN-MARATHON was 65 \(\pm\) 17 km. Finally, 108 (98.2%) Berlin Beat-Study participants successfully completed the 38\(^{th}\) BMW BERLIN-MARATHON 2011. Discussion: Findings from the "Berlin Beats of Running" study will help to balance the benefits and risks of extensive endurance sport. ECG-recording during the marathon might contribute to identify athletes at risk for cardiovascular events. MRI results will give new insights into the link between physical stress and brain damage. KW - marathon running KW - cardiac arrhythmia KW - atrial fibrillation KW - physical activity KW - cardiovascular events KW - carotid artery KW - risk factor KW - stroke KW - exercise KW - death KW - metaanalysis KW - mechanisms KW - ECG-recording KW - magnetic resonance imaging KW - blood sampling Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133677 VL - 12 IS - 69 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gwosdek, Hedwig T1 - Nicholas Orme. English School Exercises, 1420–1530. Studies and Texts 181. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2013, xi + 441 pp., $ 95.00. JF - Anglia N2 - No abstract available. KW - exercise Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195318 SN - 1865-8938 SN - 0340-5222 N1 - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. VL - 132 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golonka, Witold A1 - Raschka, Christoph A1 - Harandi, Vahid M. A1 - Domokos, Bruno A1 - Alfredson, Håkan A1 - Alfen, Florian Maria A1 - Spang, Christoph T1 - Isolated lumbar extension resistance exercise in limited range of motion for patients with lumbar radiculopathy and disk herniation — clinical outcome and influencing factors JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - (1) Background: Reconditioning of the paraspinal lumbar extensor muscles by isolated lumbar extension resistance exercises (ILEX) has shown good clinical results for patients with chronic unspecific low back pain. However, the clinical value and safety for patients with specific spine pathologies is unclear. In this study, clinical outcome and influencing factors were retrospectively analyzed for patients with lumbar disk herniation (LDH) and radiculopathy. (2) Methods: 189 consecutive patients (123 men and 66 women; mean age, 36 years) with clinically diagnosed LDH and relative indications for surgery started a 9-week rehabilitation program (2x/week) including ILEX in limited range of motion (ROM) adjusted to patients’ symptoms. Patients diagnosed with advanced levels of spine degeneration were excluded. Pain/radiculopathy (PR), influence on mental health (IOMH), satisfaction rates were measured via Numeric Rating Scales (NRS, 0–10), and overall clinical outcome was stated in % (100% = full recovery). Isometric extension strength was tested before and after the program. (3) Results: 168 patients (88.9%) completed the program. For 162 out of 168 patients (96.4%) there was a significant reduction of clinical symptoms, whereas 6 patients reported no changes in symptoms. Scores (mean) for symptom intensity decreased from 4.2 (±1.5) to 1.9 (±1.5) (p < 0.001), the impact on mental health decreased from 5.9 (±2.3) to 2.4 (±2.0) (p < 0.001). There was a (weak) correlation between lower scores for PR and IOMH before the study and better clinical outcomes; PR also weakly correlated with satisfaction. Other factors such as age, strength increase, level/location and number of LDH did not have a significant impact on the clinical results. (4) Conclusion: The results indicate that ILEX in limited ROM can be an effective treatment for the majority of patients with LDH. For patients with high pain levels, the results are less consistent, and surgery may be considered. KW - disk herniation KW - radiculopathy KW - low back pain KW - ILEX KW - exercise KW - conservative treatment Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239723 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 10 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Domokos, Bruno A1 - Beer, Lisa A1 - Reuther, Stefanie A1 - Raschka, Christoph A1 - Spang, Christoph T1 - Immediate effects of isolated lumbar extension resistance exercise (ILEX) on spine posture and mobility measured with the IDIAG Spinal Mouse System JF - Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology N2 - Posture and mobility are important aspects for spinal health. In the context of low back pain, strategies to alter postural anomalies (e.g., hyper/hypolordosis, hyper/hypokyphosis) and mobility deficits (e.g., bending restrictions) have been of interest to researchers and clinicians. Machine-based isolated lumbar extension resistance exercise (ILEX) has been used successfully for rehabilitation of patients suffering from low back pain. The aim of this study was to analyse the immediate effects of ILEX on spinal posture and mobility. In this interventional cohort study, the posture and mobility measures of 33 healthy individuals (m = 17, f = 16; mean age 30.0 years) were taken using the surface-based Spinal Mouse system (IDIAG M360©, Fehraltdorf, Switzerland). Individuals performed one exercise set to full exhaustion with an ILEX-device (Powerspine, Wuerzburg, Germany) in a standardized setup, including uniform range of motion and time under tension. Scans were made immediately before and after the exercise. There was an immediate significant decrease in standing lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis. No change could be observed in standing pelvic tilt. Mobility measures showed a significant decrease in the lumbar spine and an increase in the sacrum. The results show that ILEX alters spine posture and mobility in the short-term, which may benefit certain patient groups. KW - low back pain KW - spine KW - posture KW - mobility KW - exercise KW - ILEX KW - surface scanner Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-319334 SN - 2411-5142 VL - 8 IS - 2 ER - TY - THES A1 - Offenberger, Wolfgang T1 - Hochaufgelöste Magnetresonanz-Bildgebung der Mäuseaorta zur Bestimmung der Dynamik funktioneller Parameter durch Laufrad-Training bei ApoE-Knock-Out-Mäusen T1 - High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Murine Aorta in the evaluation of dynamic functional vessel changes through running wheel exercise in ApoE-knock-out mice. N2 - Einführung: Atherosklerose ist eine führende Ursache von Morbidität und Mortalität weltweit. Die ApoE-Knock-Out-Maus (ApoE-/-) ist das wichtigste Tiermodell für das Studium der Atherosklerose und von Interventionen auf diese Erkrankung. Mittels hochaufgelöster Magnet-Resonanz-Bildgebung ist es möglich, eine nicht-invasive in-vivo Gefäß-Charakterisierung bei Mäusen durchzuführen. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Auswirkungen von Sport auf die Gefäßfunktion der Aorta ascendens und abdominalis bei ApoE-/--Mäusen mittels hochaufgelöster MR-Cine-FLASH-Bildgebung untersucht. Methodik und Ergebnisse: 18 ApoE-/--Mäuse mit oder ohne Lipid-reicher „Western Type Diet“ (WTD) führten 4-6 Wochen lang Laufrad-Training durch. Vor Laufrad-Training wurde zweimal (Validität) und nach Laufrad-Training einmal mittels EKG- und Atmungs-getriggerter Magnet-Resonanz-Cine-FLASH-Bildgebung an einem 7-Tesla-Scanner unter Isofluran-Inhalationsnarkose die Compliance von Aorta ascendens und abdominalis gemessen. Aufnahme-Parameter: TR/TE = 4,3/1,4 ms; Field of View (FOV) = 3,0 x 3,0 cm2; Matrixgröße = 256 x 256; Pixel-Größe = (FOV / Matrix) = (30 mm / 256) = 0,0117 mm2; Schichtdicke = 1,0 mm, Auflösung von 0,0137 mm3. Die Resultate wurden verglichen mit 9 Wildtyp-Mäusen vom Stamm C57BL/6J, und mittels der Auswerte-Software Interactive Data Language (IDL) prozessiert. Es zeigten sich gewisse positive Effekte hinsichtlich Compliance der Aorta ascendens durch Sport, die Ergebnisse waren für ApoE-/--Mäuse ohne WTD jedoch wesentlich konsistenter als für ApoE-/--Mäuse mit WTD, wo die Ergebnisse teilweise widersprüchlich erscheinen. Dasselbe gilt für die Aorta abdominalis, die sich zudem in vielen MR-Untersuchungen nicht auswerten ließ, was zu nicht interpretierbaren Ergebnissen führte. Bezüglich der Validität zeigte sich eine sehr hohe Intra-Observer- und Inter-Observer-Übereinstimmung der Ergebnisse, dies zeigte sich auch für Messungen zu zwei Zeitpunkten. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse erscheinen insgesamt kritisch beleuchtet nicht signifikant und zeigen allenfalls Besserungs-Tendenzen für die Compliance der Aorta ascendens und abdominalis bei ApoE-/--Mäusen durch Sport. Weitere MRT-Studien mit höheren Feldstärken und weiterentwickelten MR-Protokollen sind notwendig, um die Aussage dieser Doktorarbeit, dass Atherosklerose bei ApoE-/--Mäusen durch Sport teilweise reversibel ist, zu bestätigen. N2 - Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The apoE-knock-out mice is the most important animal model of studies on atherosclerosis and of interventions on atherosclerotic diseases. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows to non-invasively provide in-vivo murine vessel characterization. This work aims to determine the impact of sports training on vessel function of the ascending and abdominal aorta in hypercholesterinemic apoE-knock-out mice by high-resolution CINE MR-Flash-imaging. Methods and Results: 18 ApoE-knock-out mice with or without lipid-rich "Western Type Diet" (WTD) performed 4-6 weeks of running wheel training. Using ECG- and breathing-triggered CINE MR-Flash-imaging on a 7-Tesla-MR-Scanner under isofluran anesthesia the compliance of the ascending and abdominal aorta was examined twice (validity) before and once after running wheel training. MR-paramter: TR/TE = 4,3/1,4 ms; field of view 3,0 x 3,0 cm2; matric size 256-256; Pixel size = 0,0117 mm2; slice thickness 1,0 mm, resulting resolution 0,0137 mm3. The results were compared with 9 wild type mice (C57Bl/6J), and analyzed by means of software (Interactive Data Language, IDL). The results showed positive effects in respect to the compliance of the ascending aorta after training, being much more consistent for apoE-knock out mice without WTD than in mice with WTD, where the results seem contradictory. The same goes for the abdominal aorta, where many MRI-examinations were not evaluable. A high inter- and intra-observer-validity could be shown for analyzation of the results. Conclusion: The results do not seem to be significant and at most show a tendency of improvement in respect to the complicance of the ascending and abdominal aorta in apoE-knock-out mice after training. Further MRI studies with higher strengths of field and advanced MR-protocolls will be necessary to confirm the results of this work, that atherosclerosis can be partially reversible through exercise training. KW - Magnetresonanztomographie KW - NMR-Tomographie KW - Brustaorta KW - Arteriosklerose KW - Elastizität KW - Draisine KW - Sport KW - Training KW - ApoE-Knock-Out-Maus KW - hypercholesterinämie KW - compliance KW - MRI KW - magnetic resonance imaging KW - atherosclerosis KW - ApoE-knock-out mice KW - hypercholesterolemia KW - exercise KW - training KW - running wheel KW - thoracic aorta Y1 - 2009 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35146 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mages, Michelle A1 - Shojaa, Mahdieh A1 - Kohl, Matthias A1 - Stengel, Simon von A1 - Becker, Clemens A1 - Gosch, Markus A1 - Jakob, Franz A1 - Kerschan-Schindl, Katharina A1 - Kladny, Bernd A1 - Klöckner, Nicole A1 - Lange, Uwe A1 - Middeldorf, Stefan A1 - Peters, Stefan A1 - Schoene, Daniel A1 - Sieber, Cornel C. A1 - Tholen, Reina A1 - Thomasius, Friederike E. A1 - Uder, Michael A1 - Kemmler, Wolfgang T1 - Exercise effects on Bone Mineral Density in men JF - Nutrients N2 - In contrast to postmenopausal women, evidence for a favorable effect of exercise on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is still limited for men. This might be due to the paucity of studies, but also to the great variety of participants and study characteristics that may dilute study results. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of exercise on BMD changes with rational eligibility criteria. A comprehensive search of six electronic databases up to 15 March 2021 was conducted. Briefly, controlled trials ≥6 months that determined changes in areal BMD in men >18 years old, with no apparent diseases or pharmacological therapy that relevantly affect bone metabolism, were included. BMD changes (standardized mean differences: SMD) of the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were considered as outcomes. Twelve studies with 16 exercise and 12 control groups were identified. The pooled estimate of random-effect analysis was SMD = 0.38, 95%-CI: 0.14–0.61 and SMD = 0.25, 95%-CI: 0.00–0.49, for LS and FN, respectively. Heterogeneity between the trials was low–moderate. Funnel plots and rank and regression correlation tests indicate evidence for small study publication bias for LS but not FN-BMD. Subgroup analyses that focus on study length, type of exercise and methodologic quality revealed no significant difference between each of the three categories. In summary, we provided further evidence for a low but significant effect of exercise on BMD in men. However, we are currently unable to give even rough exercise recommendations for male cohorts. KW - Bone Mineral Density KW - exercise KW - men KW - overview Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250247 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 13 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Flachenecker, Peter A1 - Bures, Anna Karoline A1 - Gawlik, Angeli A1 - Weiland, Ann-Christin A1 - Kuld, Sarah A1 - Gusowski, Klaus A1 - Streber, René A1 - Pfeifer, Klaus A1 - Tallner, Alexander T1 - Efficacy of an internet-based program to promote physical activity and exercise after inpatient rehabilitation in persons with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, single-blind, controlled study JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Background: Multimodal rehabilitation improves fatigue and mobility in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Effects are transient and may be conserved by internet-based physical activity promotion programs. Objective: Evaluate the effects of internet-based physical activity and exercise promotion on fatigue, quality of life, and gait in PwMS after inpatient rehabilitation. Methods: PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) ≤ 6.0, fatigue: Würzburg Fatigue Inventory for Multiple Sclerosis (WEIMuS) ≥ 32) were randomized into an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG). After rehabilitation, IG received 3 months of internet-based physical activity promotion, while CG received no intervention. Primary outcome: self-reported fatigue (WEIMuS). Secondary outcomes: quality of life (Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29, MSIS-29), gait (2min/10m walking test, Tinetti score). Measurements: beginning (T0) and end (T1) of inpatient rehabilitation, 3 (T2) and 6 (T3) months afterwards. Results: 64 of 84 PwMS were analyzed (IG: 34, CG: 30). After rehabilitation, fatigue decreased in both groups. At T2 and T3, fatigue increased again in CG but was improved in IG (p < 0.001). MSIS-29 improved in both groups at T1 but remained improved at T2 and T3 only in IG. Gait improvements were more pronounced in IG at T2. Conclusions: The study provides Class II evidence that the effects of rehabilitation on fatigue, quality of life, and gait can be maintained for 3–6 months with an internet-based physical activity and exercise promotion program. KW - multiple sclerosis KW - rehabilitation KW - fatigue KW - quality of life KW - walking KW - physical activity KW - exercise KW - online systems KW - internet-based intervention KW - health behavior Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207863 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 17 IS - 12 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ruf, Katharina T1 - Effekt maximaler Belastung auf zirkulierende endotheliale und mesenchymale Progenitorzellen bei Patienten mit Mukoviszidose und gesunden Probanden T1 - Effects of maximal exertion on circulation endothelial and mesenchymal progenitor cells in patients with cystic fibrosis and healthy controls N2 - Mukoviszidose als häufigste der seltenen Erkrankungen ist trotz intensiver For-schung und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten nach wie vor mit einer deutlich verkürzten Lebenserwartung assoziiert. In den letzten Jahren hat sich gezeigt, dass körperliche Aktivität einen wichtigen Beitrag nicht nur zur Lebensqualität von Mukoviszidosepatienten leisten kann, sondern auch einen Einfluss auf den Krankheitsverlauf als solches hat. Die genauen Mechanismen des positiven Effekts von Sport auf den Krankheitsverlauf sind jedoch noch nicht hinreichend geklärt. Neben vielen anderen Mechanismen wie verbesserter Sekretelimination aus den Atemwegen, Training des Herz-Kreislaufsystems und Regulierung der überaktiven epithelialen Natriumkanäle wird zunehmend auch ein Anstoßen von Reparaturmechanismen durch Sport diskutiert. Dabei scheinen CD34+-Progenitorzellen und MSCs eine Rolle spielen zu können. In der hier vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, inwiefern eine maximale Aus-dauerbelastung die Anzahl zirkulierender CD34+-Progenitorzellen und mesen-chymaler Progenitorzellen im peripheren Blut verändert, was sekundär mit Repa-raturvorgängen im Lungengewebe assoziiert sein könnte. Hierfür wurde bei 7 Patienten mit Mukoviszidose sowie 9 gesunden Probanden eine Spiroergometrie bis zur subjektiven Erschöpfung und vor sowie zehn Minuten nach Beendigung der Aktivität eine Blutentnahme durchgeführt. Neben einer Analyse des Blutbildes inklusive Differenzierung und Bestimmung von Entzündungsparametern erfolgte mittels Durchflusszytometrie die Quantifizierung von CD34+ und mesenchymalen Progenitorzellen. Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Anstieg der CD34+ Progenitorzellen in beiden Studiengruppen nach Belastung, während die mesenchymalen Stammzellen keine signifikante Änderung der Anzahl zeigten. Der Anstieg der CD34+-Progenitorzellen nach körperlicher Belastung ist in der Literatur mehrfach beschrieben und wird als eine Erklärung für die Prävention von Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen durch Sport genannt. Auch bei akuten wie chronischen Lungenerkrankungen scheinen hämatopoetische und endotheliale Progenitorzellen eine Rolle bei Reparaturvorgängen zu spielen. Die Rolle der mesenchymalen Stammzellen ist dagegen noch nicht hinreichend geklärt. Insgesamt erschwert die Heterogenität der Gruppe der mesenchymalen Stammzellen eine genaue Quantifizierung, ihr geringes Vorkommen im peripheren Blut stellt eine weitere Schwierigkeit bei der Charakterisierung und Quantifizierung dar. Nachdem zumindest der Nachweis von ansteigenden endothelialen Progenitorzellen auch bei Patienten mit Mukoviszidose gelingt, sollte in weiteren Studien die Rolle der mesenchymalen Stammzellen weiter untersucht werden. Insbesondere die Charakterisierung der Zellen in der Zellkultur sowie eine Untersuchung von Zytokinen, die für ein Homing von mesenchymalen Stammzellen verantwortlich sein könnten, scheint wesentlich, um den Mechanismus der Reparaturvorgänge besser zu verstehen und so mög-licherweise die Therapie der Mukoviszidose zu erweitern. N2 - Cystic fibrosis is associated with a reduced life expectancy despite many therapeutic efforts. Lately, it has been show that patients with cystic fibrosis benefit from regular exercise with regard to a higher quality of life, slowed decline in lung function and better physial fitness. The mechanism of these benefits is not fully understood yet. One possible mechanism could be an increased number of circulating progenitor cells as surrogate markers for repair mechanisms. ln this study patients with cystic fibrosis and healtyh controls underwent an incremental exercise test and blood samples were drawn before and after the exercise with regard tot he number of CD34+ and mesenchymal progenitor cells. ln both groups an signficant increase in CD34+ progenitor cells could be shown with no differente between the groups whereas no change was observed wlth regard to the mesenchymal progenitor cells. Endothelial progenitor cells seem to play a role for repair mechansims in lung disease as has been shown in patients with COPD and pneumonia. The role oft he mesenchymal progenitor cells remains unclear, especially as it is very difficult to define the exact lung specific cell in the heterogenaus group of mesenchymal progenitor cellls. Further research is needed to clarify these issues and hopefully add futher information for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. KW - Mukoviszidose KW - Stammzelle KW - Sport KW - Spiroergometrie KW - cystic fibrosis KW - exercise KW - stem cell KW - spiroergometry Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-90189 ER - TY - THES A1 - Krämer-Gabert, Marc Benjamin T1 - Effekt körperlicher Belastung auf die Zahl zirkulierender mesenchymaler Stammzellen bei allergischem Asthma bronchiale T1 - Effect of physical exercise on the number of circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells in patients with allergic Asthma bronchiale N2 - Asthma bronchiale gehört weltweit zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen des Menschen. In verschiedenen Leitlinien zur Asthmatherapie sind Sport bzw. regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität als nicht-medikamentöse Maßnahmen mittlerweile ein integrativer Bestandteil. Etliche Studien haben gezeigt, dass regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität sowohl die Lebensqualität als auch den Krankheitsverlauf bei Asthmatikern positiv beeinflussen kann. Welche Mechanismen genau die positiven Effekte von Sport bei dieser Erkrankung vermitteln, ist jedoch noch nicht abschließend geklärt. Die Erklärungsansätze reichen dabei von einer Zunahme der kardiopulmonalen Fitness sowie Verbesserung der Lungenfunktion über eine immunologisch vermittelte Reduzierung der Atemwegsinflammation bis hin zu einer Verbesserung körpereigener Reparaturmechanismen. Letztere ist in den letzten Jahren zunehmend in den Fokus wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten gerückt, wobei man vermutet, dass dabei insbesondere CD34+ Progenitorzellen und MSCs eine bedeutende Rolle spielen könnten. In der hier vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, inwieweit sich körperliche Belastung auf die Anzahl zirkulierender CD34+ Progenitorzellen und MSCs bei Patienten mit einem allergischen Asthma bronchiale gegen Hausstaubmilben der Art Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus verglichen mit gesunden Kontroll-Probanden auswirkt. Hierfür unterzogen sich sieben Patienten und zwölf Gesunde einem spiroergometrischen Ausdauerleistungstest bis zur subjektiven körperlichen Ausbelastung. Vor und nach der Spiroergometrie erfolgten Blutentnahmen. Neben einer Bestimmung von Entzündungsparametern wurde jeweils ein Blutbild inklusive Differenzierung angefertigt und die Anzahl zirkulierender CD34+ Progenitorzellen und MSCs mittels FACS-Analyse bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde überprüft, ob sich mithilfe einer gängigen Methode zur Kultivierung von MSCs aus Knochenmark diese auch aus peripherem Blut isolieren und kultivieren lassen. Bezüglich der CD34+ Progenitorzellen und der MSCs kam es dabei nach Belastung bei getrennter Berechnung für die beiden Studiengruppen zu keiner signifikanten Veränderung. Die Gesamtheit der Studienteilnehmer wurde daher nochmals in einer Gesamtgruppe zusammengefasst, für die ebenfalls durch Belastung hervorgerufene Veränderungen berechnet wurden. Hier ließ sich ein signifikanter Anstieg von CD34+ Progenitorzellen feststellen, wohingegen bei den MSCs weiterhin keine Veränderung zu beobachten war. In den Versuchen zur Kultivierung von MSCs aus peripherem Blut ließen sich keine nennenswerten Mengen dieser Zellen kultivieren, wenngleich die Kulturen doch möglicherweise zu Beginn einige dieser Zellen enthielten. Im Gegensatz dazu war die Kultivierung von MSCs aus Knochenmark erfolgreich. Dass es nach körperlicher Aktivität bzw. Sport zu einem Anstieg CD34+ Progenitorzellen im peripheren Blut kommt, ist in der Literatur bereits vielfach beschrieben. Es wird vermutet, dass diese Zellen an körpereigenen Reparaturvorgängen beteiligt sind. Dieser Mechanismus könnte eine mögliche Erklärung für die positiven Effekte von Sport bei Patienten mit Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen darstellen. Auch bei Lungenerkrankungen wird CD34+ Progenitorzellen eine Rolle bei Reparaturvorgängen zugeschrieben. Obwohl es zunehmend Hinweise dafür gibt, dass auch MSCs für diese Vorgänge von Bedeutung sind, ist die Frage, welche spezifische Rolle diesen Zellen im zirkulierenden peripheren Blut zukommt, weiterhin nicht hinreichend geklärt. Bei Untersuchungen zu diesem Thema kommt erschwerend hinzu, dass MSCs im peripheren Blut nur in sehr geringer Frequenz nachweisbar sind und die Gruppe dieser Zellen eine sehr große Heterogenität aufweist. Auch eine Kultivierung von MSCs aus peripherem Blut scheint nicht so ohne weiteres möglich zu sein. All dies bereitet Schwierigkeiten bei der genauen Quantifizie-rung und Charakterisierung dieser Zellen. Auch wenn es in dieser Studie nicht gelang einen Effekt körperlicher Belastung auf die Anzahl zirkulierender MSCs nachzuweisen, sollten dennoch weitere Untersuchungen zu den durch Sport vermittelten Effekten auf diese Zellen folgen. Der Fokus sollte dabei insbesondere auf die Untersuchung von Einflüssen körperlicher Aktivität auf die für das Homing dieser Zellen verantwortlichen Mechanismen gelegt werden. Auch weitere Untersuchungen zur Isolation und Expansion von MSCs aus peripherem Blut scheinen notwendig zu sein, um diesbezüglich langfristig eine sichere, erfolgsversprechende Kulturmethodik entwickeln zu können. Besonders vielversprechend scheint hier der Einsatz vorselektierter Zellen aus mobilisiertem Blut zu sein. Zusammenfassend könnte all dies einen wichtigen Beitrag dazu leisten, die Mechanismen körpereigener Reparaturvorgänge besser zu verstehen. Diese Erkenntnisse wiederum könnten dann zur Entwicklung neuer Strategien zur Therapie diverser Lungenerkrankungen wie auch Asthma beitragen. N2 - Asthma brochiale is one of the most common human chronic diseases. Current guidelines on Asthma therapy recommend sports and regular physical exercise as an non-drug measure for Asthma therapy. Several studies have shown, that regular physical exercise can positively influence life quality as well as the course of the disease in patients with Asthma bronchiale. Even though, the underlying mechanisms for these positive effects are not fully understood, yet. Explanatory approaches imply an increase of cardiopulmonary fitness, amelioration of lung function and immunologically mediated reduction of airway inflammation up to improvement of endogenous repair mechanisms. In recent years science has been more and more focussing on the latter, whereby CD34+ endothelial (EPC) and mesenchymal progenitor cells (MSC)are assumed to play an important role. ln this study patients with allergic Asthma bronchiale with an allergy to house dust mites and healthy controls underwent an incremental exercise test. Before and after the exercise blood samples were drawn with regard to the number of CD34+ and mesenchymal progenitor cells. Additionally MSC were tried to be isolated and cultured from peripheral blood using a common method for isolation and large scale expansion of bone marrow-derived MSC. No signficant increase in CD34+ progenitor cells and MSCs could be seen in either group with no difference between the groups. Regarding the entirety of participants of this study, a significant increase of CD34+ progenitor cells could be shown. MSCs could not successfully be isolated and cultured in significant numbers from peripheral blood, whereas MSC could be successfully isolated and cultured from bone marrow. An increase of the number of circulating CD34+ progenitor cells following exercise has been described multiple times in literature. These cells seem to play an important role for repair mechanisms especially in cardiovacular diseases, but also in lung diseases as it has been shown in patients with COPD and pneumonia. Besides CD34+ progenitor cells, study data indicate that also MSC contribute to these repair mechanisms. But little is known about their specific role in peripheral blood, especially because the frequency of MSC in peripheral blood is very low and MSC are a very heterogenous group of cells. These facts do not only make it difficult to quantify and characterize them more precisely but also complicates their isolation and cultivation from peripheral blood. Even though no significant effect of a maximal exercise bout could be seen in this study and isolation and cultivation of MSC from periphal blood was not successful, further research on these topics seems to be needed with regard especially on homing mechanisms and to improve MSC culturing methods. For the latter a promising approach seems to be the use of preselected MSC from mobilized blood. All this could contribute to a better understanding of endogenous repair mechanisms, which could be useful for developing new therapy approaches for different pulmonary diseases including Asthma bronchiale. KW - Bronchialasthma KW - Mesenchymale Progenitorzellen KW - MSC KW - mesenchymal progenitor cells KW - exercise KW - Körperliche Belastung KW - asthma bronchiale KW - cell culture Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158911 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kemmler, Wolfgang A1 - Kohl, Matthias A1 - Fröhlich, Michael A1 - Jakob, Franz A1 - Engelke, Klaus A1 - von Stengel, Simon A1 - Schoene, Daniel T1 - Effects of High‐Intensity Resistance Training on Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Parameters in Older Men with Osteosarcopenia—One‐Year Results of the Randomized Controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST) JF - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research N2 - Dynamic resistance exercise (DRT) might be the most promising agent for fighting sarcopenia in older people. However, the positive effect of DRT on osteopenia/osteoporosis in men has still to be confirmed. To evaluate the effect of low‐volume/high‐intensity (HIT)‐DRT on bone mineral density (BMD) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in men with osteosarcopenia, we initiated the Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST). Forty‐three sedentary community‐dwelling older men (aged 73 to 91 years) with osteopenia/osteoporosis and SMI‐based sarcopenia were randomly assigned to a HIT‐RT exercise group (EG; n = 21) or a control group (CG; n = 22). HIT‐RT provided a progressive, periodized single‐set DRT on machines with high intensity, effort, and velocity twice a week, while CG maintained their lifestyle. Both groups were adequately supplemented with whey protein, vitamin D, and calcium. Primary study endpoint was integral lumbar spine (LS) BMD as determined by quantitative computed tomography. Core secondary study endpoint was SMI as determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Additional study endpoints were BMD at the total hip and maximum isokinetic hip−/leg‐extensor strength (leg press). After 12 months of exercise, LS‐BMD was maintained in the EG and decreased significantly in the CG, resulting in significant between‐group differences (p < 0.001; standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.90). In parallel, SMI increased significantly in the EG and decreased significantly in the CG (p < 0.001; SMD = 1.95). Total hip BMD changes did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.064; SMD = 0.65), whereas changes in maximum hip−/leg‐extensor strength were much more prominent (p < 0.001; SMD = 1.92) in the EG. Considering dropout (n = 2), attendance rate (95%), and unintended side effects/injuries (n = 0), we believe our HIT‐RT protocol to be feasible, attractive, and safe. In summary, we conclude that our combined low‐threshold HIT‐RT/protein/vitamin D/calcium intervention was feasible, safe, and effective for tackling sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis in older men with osteosarcopenia. KW - exercise KW - osteoporosis KW - sarcopenia KW - aging KW - bone QCT Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214609 VL - 35 IS - 9 SP - 1634 EP - 1644 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Düzel, Emrah A1 - van Praag, Henriette A1 - Sendtner, Michael T1 - Can physical exercise in old age improve memory and hippocampal function? JF - Brain N2 - Physical exercise can convey a protective effect against cognitive decline in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. While the long-term health-promoting and protective effects of exercise are encouraging, it’s potential to induce neuronal and vascular plasticity in the ageing brain is still poorly understood. It remains unclear whether exercise slows the trajectory of normal ageing by modifying vascular and metabolic risk factors and/or consistently boosts brain function by inducing structural and neurochemical changes in the hippocampus and related medial temporal lobe circuitry—brain areas that are important for learning and memory. Hence, it remains to be established to what extent exercise interventions in old age can improve brain plasticity above and beyond preservation of function. Existing data suggest that exercise trials aiming for improvement and preservation may require different outcome measures and that the balance between the two may depend on exercise intensity and duration, the presence of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease pathology, vascular and metabolic risk factors and genetic variability. KW - hippocampus KW - exercise KW - cerebral blood flow KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - memory Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190721 VL - 139 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kilian, Yvonne A1 - Wehmeier, Udo F. A1 - Wahl, Patrick A1 - Mester, Joachim A1 - Hilberg, Thomas A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - Acute Response of Circulating Vascular Regulating MicroRNAs during and after High-Intensity and High-Volume Cycling in Children JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyze the response of vascular circulating microRNAs (miRNAs; miR-16, miR-21, miR-126) and the VEGF mRNA following an acute bout of HIIT and HVT in children. Methods: Twelve healthy competitive young male cyclists (14.4 ± 0.8 years; 57.9 ± 9.4 ml•min−1•kg−1 peak oxygen uptake) performed one session of high intensity 4 × 4 min intervals (HIIT) at 90–95% peak power output (PPO), each interval separated by 3 min of active recovery, and one high volume session (HVT) consisting of a constant load exercise for 90 min at 60% PPO. Capillary blood from the earlobe was collected under resting conditions, during exercise (d1 = 20 min, d2 = 30 min, d3 = 60 min), and 0, 30, 60, 180 min after the exercise to determine miR-16, -21, -126, and VEGF mRNA. Results: HVT significantly increased miR-16 and miR-126 during and after the exercise compared to pre-values, whereas HIIT showed no significant influence on the miRNAs compared to pre-values. VEGF mRNA significantly increased during and after HIIT (d1, 30′, 60′, 180′) and HVT (d3, 0′, 60′). Conclusion: Results of the present investigation suggest a volume dependent exercise regulation of vascular regulating miRNAs (miR-16, miR-21, miR-126) in children. In line with previous data, our data show that acute exercise can alter circulating miRNAs profiles that might be used as novel biomarkers to monitor acute and chronic changes due to exercise in various tissues. KW - children KW - endurance KW - exercise KW - microRNAs KW - training adaptation Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165261 VL - 7 IS - 92 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klement, Rainer Johannes A1 - Frobel, Thomas A1 - Albers, Torsten A1 - Fikenzer, Sven A1 - Prinzhausen, Jan A1 - Kämmerer, Ulrike T1 - A pilot case study on the impact of a self-prescribed ketogenic diet on biochemical parameters and running performance in healthy and physically active individuals N2 - Background: Ketogenic diets (KDs) have gained some popularity not only as effective weight-loss diets and treatment options for several diseases, but also among healthy and physically active individuals for various reasons. However, data on the effects of ketosis in the latter group of individuals are scarce. We therefore collected pilot data on the physiological response to a self-prescribed ketogenic diet lasting 5-7 weeks in a small cohort of healthy and physically active individuals. Methods: Twelve subjects (7 males, 5 females, age 24-60 years) who followed moderate to intensive exercise routines underwent blood testing, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and spiroergometry during an incremental treadmill test. On the next day, they went on a self-prescribed KD for a median of 38 days (range 35-50 days), after which the same tests were performed again. Ketosis was self-monitored by urinary ketone strips. Subjective feeling during the diet was assessed by a questionnaire after the intervention. Due to the small and heterogenous sample, the results are interpreted in the context of the already existing literature. Results: The KDs were tolerated well by the majority of individuals. Impaired recovery from exercise remained the most frequently reported side effect until the end of the study. Most blood parameters remained stable during the intervention. However, there were significant elevations of total and LDL cholesterol concentrations (p<0.01) and a trend towards increased HDL-cholesterol (p=0.05). The drastic reduction of carbohydrates had no statistically significant influence on running performance judged by the time to exhaustion, VO2max and respiratory compensation points. BIA measurements showed significant increases in phase angle (p=0.01) indicating improvements of body composition with an estimated decrease of 3.4 kg of fat mass (p=0.002) and gain of 1.3 kg of fat free mass. We discuss the validity of these estimates taking into account a possibly altered hydration status due to the KD. Conclusions: Active healthy individuals will probably experience no major problems during a short term KD lasting several weeks. The drastically reduced carbohydrate content of the diet seems to be no limiting factor for running performance. In addition, improvements in body composition can be expected. While most biochemical parameters are not influenced by the diet, there seems to be an impact on the blood lipid profile that could be considered problematic with respect to cardiovascular disease risk. However, the predictive role of cholesterol levels alone in individuals undergoing regular physical activity remains to be elucidated. KW - Fettgehalt KW - Blut KW - Ketogene Kost KW - High fat diet KW - exercise KW - bioimpedance analysis KW - blood lipids; fat loss; running performance Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78901 ER -