TY - JOUR A1 - Seydelmann, Nora A1 - Liu, Dan A1 - Krämer, Johannes A1 - Drechsler, Christiane A1 - Hu, Kai A1 - Nordbeck, Peter A1 - Schneider, Andreas A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Bijnens, Bart A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Weidemann, Frank T1 - High-Sensitivity Troponin: A Clinical Blood Biomarker for Staging Cardiomyopathy in Fabry Disease JF - Journal of the American Heart Association N2 - Background High‐sensitivity troponin (hs‐TNT), a biomarker of myocardial damage, might be useful for assessing fibrosis in Fabry cardiomyopathy. We performed a prospective analysis of hs‐TNT as a biomarker for myocardial changes in Fabry patients and a retrospective longitudinal follow‐up study to assess longitudinal hs‐TNT changes relative to fibrosis and cardiomyopathy progression. Methods and Results For the prospective analysis, hs‐TNT from 75 consecutive patients with genetically confirmed Fabry disease was analyzed relative to typical Fabry‐associated echocardiographic findings and total myocardial fibrosis as measured by late gadolinium enhancement (LE) on magnetic resonance imaging. Longitudinal data (3.9±2.0 years), including hs‐TNT, LE, and echocardiographic findings from 58 Fabry patients, were retrospectively collected. Hs‐TNT level positively correlated with LE (linear correlation coefficient, 0.72; odds ratio, 32.81 [95% CI, 3.56–302.59]; P=0.002); patients with elevated baseline hs‐TNT (>14 ng/L) showed significantly increased LE (median: baseline, 1.9 [1.1–3.3] %; follow‐up, 3.2 [2.3–4.9] %; P<0.001) and slightly elevated hs‐TNT (baseline, 44.7 [30.1–65.3] ng/L; follow‐up, 49.1 [27.6–69.5] ng/L; P=0.116) during follow‐up. Left ventricular wall thickness and EF of patients with elevated hs‐TNT were decreased during follow‐up, indicating potential cardiomyopathy progression. Conclusions hs‐TNT is an accurate, easily accessible clinical blood biomarker for detecting replacement fibrosis in patients with Fabry disease and a qualified predictor of cardiomyopathy progression. Thus, hs‐TNT could be helpful for staging and follow‐up of Fabry patients. KW - biomarker KW - cardiomyopathy KW - fabry disease KW - myocardial fibrosis KW - troponin T Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165682 VL - 5 IS - e002839 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mitchell, Jonathan S. A1 - Li, Ni A1 - Weinhold, Niels A1 - Försti, Asta A1 - Ali, Mina A1 - van Duin, Mark A1 - Thorleifsson, Gudmar A1 - Johnson, David C. A1 - Chen, Bowang A1 - Halvarsson, Britt-Marie A1 - Gudbjartsson, Daniel F. A1 - Kuiper, Rowan A1 - Stephens, Owen W. A1 - Bertsch, Uta A1 - Broderick, Peter A1 - Campo, Chiara A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Gregory, Walter A. A1 - Gullberg, Urban A1 - Henrion, Marc A1 - Hillengass, Jens A1 - Hoffmann, Per A1 - Jackson, Graham H. A1 - Johnsson, Ellinor A1 - Jöud, Magnus A1 - Kristinsson, Sigurdur Y. A1 - Lenhoff, Stig A1 - Lenive, Oleg A1 - Mellqvist, Ulf-Henrik A1 - Migliorini, Gabriele A1 - Nahi, Hareth A1 - Nelander, Sven A1 - Nickel, Jolanta A1 - Nöthen, Markus M. A1 - Rafnar, Thorunn A1 - Ross, Fiona M. A1 - da Silva Filho, Miguel Inacio A1 - Swaminathan, Bhairavi A1 - Thomsen, Hauke A1 - Turesson, Ingemar A1 - Vangsted, Annette A1 - Vogel, Ulla A1 - Waage, Anders A1 - Walker, Brian A. A1 - Wihlborg, Anna-Karin A1 - Broyl, Annemiek A1 - Davies, Faith E. A1 - Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur A1 - Langer, Christian A1 - Hansson, Markus A1 - Kaiser, Martin A1 - Sonneveld, Pieter A1 - Stefansson, Kari A1 - Morgan, Gareth J. A1 - Goldschmidt, Hartmut A1 - Hemminki, Kari A1 - Nilsson, Björn A1 - Houlston, Richard S. T1 - Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for multiple myeloma JF - Nature Communications N2 - Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with a significant heritable basis. Genome-wide association studies have transformed our understanding of MM predisposition, but individual studies have had limited power to discover risk loci. Here we perform a meta-analysis of these GWAS, add a new GWAS and perform replication analyses resulting in 9,866 cases and 239,188 controls. We confirm all nine known risk loci and discover eight new loci at 6p22.3 (rs34229995, P=1.31 × 10−8), 6q21 (rs9372120, P=9.09 × 10−15), 7q36.1 (rs7781265, P=9.71 × 10−9), 8q24.21 (rs1948915, P=4.20 × 10−11), 9p21.3 (rs2811710, P=1.72 × 10−13), 10p12.1 (rs2790457, P=1.77 × 10−8), 16q23.1 (rs7193541, P=5.00 × 10−12) and 20q13.13 (rs6066835, P=1.36 × 10−13), which localize in or near to JARID2, ATG5, SMARCD3, CCAT1, CDKN2A, WAC, RFWD3 and PREX1. These findings provide additional support for a polygenic model of MM and insight into the biological basis of tumour development. KW - Cancer genetics KW - Genome-wide association studies KW - Myeloma Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165983 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Busch, Martin A1 - Nadal, Jennifer A1 - Schmid, Matthias A1 - Paul, Katharina A1 - Titze, Stephanie A1 - Hübner, Silvia A1 - Köttgen, Anna A1 - Schultheiss, Ulla T. A1 - Baid-Agrawal, Seema A1 - Lorenzen, Johan A1 - Schlieper, Georg A1 - Sommerer, Claudia A1 - Krane, Vera A1 - Hilge, Robert A1 - Kielstein, Jan T. A1 - Kronenberg, Florian A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Eckardt, Kai-Uwe A1 - Wolf, Gunter T1 - Glycaemic control and antidiabetic therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease - cross-sectional data from the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) cohort JF - BMC Nephrology N2 - Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Little is known about practice patterns of anti-diabetic therapy in the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and correlates with glycaemic control. We therefore aimed to analyze current antidiabetic treatment and correlates of metabolic control in a large contemporary prospective cohort of patients with diabetes and CKD. Methods The German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study enrolled 5217 patients aged 18–74 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30–60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria >0.5 g/d. The use of diet prescription, oral anti-diabetic medication, and insulin was assessed at baseline. HbA1c, measured centrally, was the main outcome measure. Results At baseline, DM was present in 1842 patients (35 %) and the median HbA1C was 7.0 % (25th–75th percentile: 6.8–7.9 %), equalling 53 mmol/mol (51, 63); 24.2 % of patients received dietary treatment only, 25.5 % oral antidiabetic drugs but not insulin, 8.4 % oral antidiabetic drugs with insulin, and 41.8 % insulin alone. Metformin was used by 18.8 %. Factors associated with an HbA1C level >7.0 % (53 mmol/mol) were higher BMI (OR = 1.04 per increase of 1 kg/m2, 95 % CI 1.02–1.06), hemoglobin (OR = 1.11 per increase of 1 g/dL, 95 % CI 1.04–1.18), treatment with insulin alone (OR = 5.63, 95 % CI 4.26–7.45) or in combination with oral antidiabetic agents (OR = 4.23, 95 % CI 2.77–6.46) but not monotherapy with metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors, or glinides. Conclusions Within the GCKD cohort of patients with CKD stage 3 or overt proteinuria, antidiabetic treatment patterns were highly variable with a remarkably high proportion of more than 50 % receiving insulin-based therapies. Metabolic control was overall satisfactory, but insulin use was associated with higher HbA1C levels. KW - Chronic kidney disease KW - Glycaemic control KW - Hemoglobin A1C KW - Insulin therapy KW - Oral antidiabetic drugs KW - Diabetes mellitus Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164687 VL - 17 IS - 59 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Dan A1 - Hu, Kai A1 - Nordbeck, Peter A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Weidemann, Frank T1 - Longitudinal strain bull's eye plot patterns in patients with cardiomyopathy and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy JF - European Journal of Medical Research N2 - Despite substantial advances in the imaging techniques and pathophysiological understanding over the last decades, identification of the underlying causes of left ventricular hypertrophy by means of echocardiographic examination remains a challenge in current clinical practice. The longitudinal strain bull’s eye plot derived from 2D speckle tracking imaging offers an intuitive visual overview of the global and regional left ventricular myocardial function in a single diagram. The bull’s eye mapping is clinically feasible and the plot patterns could provide clues to the etiology of cardiomyopathies. The present review summarizes the longitudinal strain, bull’s eye plot features in patients with various cardiomyopathies and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and the bull’s eye plot features might serve as one of the cardiac workup steps on evaluating patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. KW - speckle tracking imaging KW - bull’s eye plot KW - cardiomyopathy KW - left ventricular hypertrophy Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146373 VL - 21 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dinnes, Jacqueline A1 - Bancos, Irina A1 - di Ruffano, Lavinia Ferrante A1 - Chortis, Vasileios A1 - Davenport, Clare A1 - Bayliss, Susan A1 - Sahdev, Anju A1 - Guest, Peter A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Deeks, Jonathan J A1 - Arlt, Wiebke T1 - Imaging for the diagnosis of malignancy in incidentally discovered adrenal masses: a systematic review and meta-analysis JF - European Journal of Endocrinology N2 - Objective: Adrenal masses are incidentally discovered in 5% of CT scans. In 2013/2014, 81 million CT examinations were undertaken in the USA and 5 million in the UK. However, uncertainty remains around the optimal imaging approach for diagnosing malignancy. We aimed to review the evidence on the accuracy of imaging tests for differentiating malignant from benign adrenal masses. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, Science Citation Index, Conference Proceedings Citation Index, and ZETOC (January 1990 to August 2015). We included studies evaluating the accuracy of CT, MRI, or F-18-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG)-PET compared with an adequate histological or imaging-based follow-up reference standard. Results: We identified 37 studies suitable for inclusion, after screening 5469 references and 525 full-text articles. Studies evaluated the accuracy of CT (n = 16), MRI (n = 15), and FDG-PET (n = 9) and were generally small and at high or unclear risk of bias. Only 19 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Limited data suggest that CT density >10 HU has high sensitivity for detection of adrenal malignancy in participants with no prior indication for adrenal imaging, that is, masses with <= 10 HU are unlikely to be malignant. All other estimates of test performance are based on too small numbers. Conclusions: Despite their widespread use in routine assessment, there is insufficient evidence for the diagnostic value of individual imaging tests in distinguishing benign from malignant adrenal masses. Future research is urgently needed and should include prospective test validation studies for imaging and novel diagnostic approaches alongside detailed health economics analysis. KW - Positron-emission-tomography KW - Cell lung canger KW - Adrenocortial carcinomas KW - Disease prevalence KW - Spin echo KW - Contrast-enhanced CT KW - Test accuracy KW - Methodological quality KW - F-18-FDG PET/CT KW - MR Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188086 VL - 175 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Perkovic, Vlado A1 - Agarwal, Rajiv A1 - Fioretto, Paola A1 - Hemmelgarn, Brenda R. A1 - Levin, Adeera A1 - Thomas, Merlin C. A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Kasiske, Bertram L. A1 - Wheeler, David C. A1 - Groop, Per-Henrik T1 - Management of patients with diabetes and CKD: conclusions from a "Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes" (KDIGO) controversies conference JF - Kidney International N2 - The prevalence of diabetes around the world has reached epidemic proportions and is projected to increase to 642 million people by 2040. Diabetes is already the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in most developed countries, and the growth in the number of people with ESKD around the world parallels the increase in diabetes. The presence of kidney disease is associated with a markedly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and death in people with diabetes. Several new therapies and novel investigational agents targeting chronic kidney disease patients with diabetes are now under development. This conference was convened to assess our current state of knowledge regarding optimal glycemic control, current antidiabetic agents and their safety, and new therapies being developed to improve kidney function and cardiovascular outcomes for this vulnerable population. KW - stage renal-disease KW - converting enzyme-inhibition KW - dietary sodium restriction KW - intensive glucose control KW - albumin excretion rate KW - blood pressure KW - cardiovascular outcomes KW - randomized trial KW - glycemic control KW - receptor KW - antidiabetic agents KW - cardiovascular disease KW - chronic kidney disease KW - diabetes KW - renoprotection KW - antagonist Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-186599 VL - 90 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oder, Daniel A1 - Vergho, Dorothee A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Nordbeck, Peter T1 - Case report of a 45-year old female Fabry disease patient carrying two alpha-galactosidase A gene mutation alleles JF - BMC Medical Genetics N2 - Background X-chromosomal inheritance patterns and generally rare occurrence of Fabry disease (FD) account for mono-mutational hemizygous male and heterozygous female patients. Female mutation carriers are usually clinically much less severely affected, which has been explained by a suggested mosaicism in cell phenotype due to random allele shutdown. However, clinical evidence is scarce and potential additional effects in female gene carriers, which might account for specific clinical characteristics such as less severe chronic kidney disease, are yet unknown. Case presentation This article reports on a 45 year old female patient carrying the two alpha-galactosidase A gene mutations c.416A > G, p.N139S in exon 3 and c.708G > C, p.W236C in exon 5, but still showing only mild organ manifestations. Conclusion This current case highlights the importance of careful clinical characterization in patients with Fabry disease, who may show additional rare constellations and, therefore, are in need of personalized medicine. The impact of potential additional protective effects exceeding the presence of a non-pathogenic GLA allele in female gene carriers requires further investigation. KW - Fabry disease KW - cryptogenic stroke KW - Pain KW - hypertrophic cardiomyopathy KW - chronic kidney disease Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146617 VL - 17 IS - 46 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Petritsch, B. A1 - Köstler, H. A1 - Weng, A. M. A1 - Horn, M. A1 - Gassenmaier, T. A1 - Kunz, A. S. A1 - Weidemann, F. A1 - Wanner, C. A1 - Bley, T. A. A1 - Beer, M. T1 - Myocardial lipid content in Fabry disease: a combined \(^1\)H-MR spectroscopy and MR imaging study at 3 Tesla JF - BMC Cardiovascular Disorders N2 - Background Fabry disease is characterized by a progressive deposition of sphingolipids in different organ systems, whereby cardiac involvement leads to death. We hypothesize that lysosomal storage of sphingolipids in the heart as occurring in Fabry disease does not reflect in higher cardiac lipid concentrations detectable by \(^1\)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3 Tesla. Methods Myocardial lipid content was quantified in vivo by \(^1\)H-MRS in 30 patients (12 male, 18 female; 18 patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy) with genetically proven Fabry disease and in 30 healthy controls. The study protocol combined \(^1\)H-MRS with cardiac cine imaging and LGE MRI in a single examination. Results Myocardial lipid content was not significantly elevated in Fabry disease (p = 0.225). Left ventricular (LV) mass was significantly higher in patients suffering from Fabry disease compared to controls (p = 0.019). Comparison of patients without signs of myocardial fibrosis in MRI (LGE negative; n = 12) to patients with signs of fibrosis (LGE positive; n = 18) revealed similar myocardial lipid content in both groups (p > 0.05), while the latter showed a trend towards elevated LV mass (p = 0.076). Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential of lipid metabolic investigation embedded in a comprehensive examination of cardiac morphology and function in Fabry disease. There was no evidence that lysosomal storage of sphingolipids influences cardiac lipid content as measured by \(^1\)H-MRS. Finally, the authors share the opinion that a comprehensive cardiac examination including three subsections (LGE; \(^1\)H-MRS; T\(_1\) mapping), could hold the highest potential for the final assessment of early and late myocardial changes in Fabry disease. KW - late gadolinium enhancement KW - myocardial lipid content KW - magnetic resonance spectroscopy KW - Morbus Fabry KW - rare diseases KW - lysosomal storage disease Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-146693 VL - 16 IS - 205 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sbiera, Silviu A1 - Tryfonidou, Marianna A. A1 - Weigand, Isabel A1 - Grinwis, Guy C. M. A1 - Broeckx, Bart A1 - Herterich, Sabine A1 - Allolio, Bruno A1 - Deutschbein, Timo A1 - Fassnacht, Martin A1 - Meij, Björn P. T1 - Lack of Ubiquitin Specific Protease 8 (USP8) Mutations in Canine Corticotroph Pituitary Adenomas JF - Plos One N2 - Purpose Cushing’s disease (CD), also known as pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, is caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumours. Affected humans and dogs have similar clinical manifestations, however, the incidence of the canine disease is thousand-fold higher. This makes the dog an obvious model for studying the pathogenesis of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Despite certain similarities identified at the molecular level, the question still remains whether the two species have a shared oncogenetic background. Recently, hotspot recurrent mutations in the gene encoding for ubiquitin specific protease 8 (USP8) have been identified as the main driver behind the formation of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas in humans. In this study, we aimed to verify whether USP8 mutations also play a role in the development of such tumours in dogs. Methods Presence of USP8 mutations was analysed by Sanger and PCR-cloning sequencing in 38 canine ACTH-secreting adenomas. Furthermore, the role of USP8 and EGFR protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a subset of 25 adenomas. Results None of the analysed canine ACTH-secreting adenomas presented mutations in the USP8 gene. In a subset of these adenomas, however, we observed an increased nuclear expression of USP8, a phenotype characteristic for the USP8 mutated human tumours, that correlated with smaller tumour size but elevated ACTH production in those tumours. Conclusions Canine ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas lack mutations in the USP8 gene suggesting a different genetic background of pituitary tumourigenesis in dogs. However, elevated nuclear USP8 protein expression in a subset of tumours was associated with a similar phenotype as in their human counterparts, indicating a possible end-point convergence of the different genetic backgrounds in the two species. In order to establish the dog as a useful animal model for the study of CD, further comprehensive studies are needed. KW - cytoplasmic staining KW - dogs KW - adenomas KW - pituitary gland KW - pituitary adenomas KW - nuclear staining KW - mutation KW - protein expression Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-148020 VL - 11 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kirschmer, Nadine A1 - Bandleon, Sandra A1 - von Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Viktor A1 - Hartmann, Sonja A1 - Schaaf, Alice A1 - Lamprecht, Anna-Karina A1 - Miranda-Laferte, Erick A1 - Langsenlehner, Tanja A1 - Ritter, Oliver A1 - Eder, Petra T1 - TRPC4α and TRPC4β Similarly Affect Neonatal Cardiomyocyte Survival during Chronic GPCR Stimulation JF - PLoS ONE N2 - The Transient Receptor Potential Channel Subunit 4 (TRPC4) has been considered as a crucial Ca\(^{2+}\) component in cardiomyocytes promoting structural and functional remodeling in the course of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. TRPC4 assembles as homo or hetero-tetramer in the plasma membrane, allowing a non-selective Na\(^{+}\) and Ca\(^{2+}\) influx. Gαq protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation is known to increase TRPC4 channel activity and a TRPC4-mediated Ca\(^{2+}\) influx which has been regarded as ideal Ca\(^{2+}\) source for calcineurin and subsequent nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activation. Functional properties of TRPC4 are also based on the expression of the TRPC4 splice variants TRPC4α and TRPC4β. Aim of the present study was to analyze cytosolic Ca\(^{2+}\) signals, signaling, hypertrophy and vitality of cardiomyocytes in dependence on the expression level of either TRPC4α or TRPC4β. The analysis of Ca\(^{2+}\) transients in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) showed that TRPC4α and TRPC4β affected Ca\(^{2+}\) cycling in beating cardiomyocytes with both splice variants inducing an elevation of the Ca\(^{2+}\) transient amplitude at baseline and TRPC4β increasing the Ca\(^{2+}\) peak during angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation. NRCs infected with TRPC4β (Ad-C4β) also responded with a sustained Ca\(^{2+}\) influx when treated with Ang II under non-pacing conditions. Consistent with the Ca\(^{2+}\) data, NRCs infected with TRPC4α (Ad-C4α) showed an elevated calcineurin/NFAT activity and a baseline hypertrophic phenotype but did not further develop hypertrophy during chronic Ang II/phenylephrine stimulation. Down-regulation of endogenous TRPC4α reversed these effects, resulting in less hypertrophy of NRCs at baseline but a markedly increased hypertrophic enlargement after chronic agonist stimulation. Ad-C4β NRCs did not exhibit baseline calcineurin/NFAT activity or hypertrophy but responded with an increased calcineurin/NFAT activity after GPCR stimulation. However, this effect was not translated into an increased propensity towards hypertrophy but rather less hypertrophy during GPCR stimulation. Further analyses revealed that, although hypertrophy was preserved in Ad-C4α NRCs and even attenuated in Ad-C4β NRCs, cardiomyocytes had an increased apoptosis rate and thus were less viable after chronic GPCR stimulation. These findings suggest that TRPC4α and TRPC4β differentially affect Ca\(^{2+}\) signals, calcineurin/NFAT signaling and hypertrophy but similarly impair cardiomyocyte viability during GPCR stimulation. KW - Apoptosis KW - calcineurin signaling cascade KW - small interfering RNAs KW - G protein coupled receptors KW - hyperexpression techniques KW - heart KW - adenoviruses KW - cardiac pacing Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178539 VL - 11 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Reiter, Theresa A1 - Kircher, Malte A1 - Schirbel, Andreas A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Pelzer, Theo A1 - Pizarro, Carmen A1 - Skowasch, Dirk A1 - Thomas, Lena A1 - Schlesinger-Irsch, Ulrike A1 - Thomas, Daniel A1 - Bundschuh, Ralph A. A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang R. A1 - Gartner, Florian C. T1 - Somatostatin receptor based PET/CT in patients with the suspicion of cardiac sarcoidosis: an initial comparison to cardiac MRI JF - Oncotarget N2 - Diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis is often challenging. Whereas cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with \(^{18}\)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) are most commonly used to evaluate patients, PET/CT using radiolabeled somatostatin receptor (SSTR) ligands for visualization of inflammation might represent a more specific alternative. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of SSTR–PET/CT for detecting cardiac sarcoidosis in comparison to CMR. 15 patients (6 males, 9 females) with sarcoidosis and suspicion on cardiac involvement underwent SSTR-PET/CT imaging and CMR. Images were visually scored. The AHA 17-segment model of the left myocardium was used for localization and comparison of inflamed myocardium for both imaging modalities. In semi-quantitative analysis, mean (SUV\(_{mean}\)) and maximum standardized uptake values (SUV\(_{max}\)) of affected myocardium were calculated and compared with both remote myocardium and left ventricular (LV) cavity. SSTR-PET was positive in 7/15, CMR in 10/15 patients. Of the 3 CMR+/PET- subjects, one patient with minor involvement (<25% of wall thickness in CMR) was missed by PET. The remaining two CMR+/PET- patients displayed no adverse cardiac events during follow-up. In the 17-segment model, PET/CT yielded 27 and CMR 29 positive segments. Overall concordance of the 2 modalities was 96.1% (245/255 segments analyzed). SUV\(_{mean}\) and SUV\(_{max}\) in inflamed areas were 2.0±1.2 and 2.6±1.2, respectively. The lesion-to-remote myocardium and lesion-to-LV cavity ratios were 1.8±0.2 and 1.9±0.2 for SUV\(_{mean}\) and 2.0±0.3 and 1.7±0.3 for SUV\(_{max}\), respectively. Detection of cardiac sarcoidosis by SSTR-PET/CT is feasible. Our data warrant further analysis in larger prospective series. KW - sarcoidosis KW - PET KW - SSTR KW - somatostatin receptor KW - DOTATOC Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175423 VL - 7 IS - 47 ER - TY - THES A1 - Spinnler, Christina T1 - Prospektive Studie zum Auftreten von Nebennierenkrisen bei Patienten mit chronischer Nebenniereninsuffizienz T1 - A prospective study examining the incidence of adrenal crises in patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency N2 - Zusammenfassend ist die Inzidenz von NNK bei Patienten mit einer chronischen Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz auch bei geschulten Patienten hoch. Das Auftreten der NNK ist zudem mit einer erheblichen Morbidität und Mortalität verknüpft. In der heutigen Zeit sterben weiterhin Patienten an den Folgen ihrer chronischen NNRI trotz einer adäquaten Behandlung. Legt man die oben genannten Zahlen zugrunde, werden in den nächsten zehn Jahren zwischen 5526 und 10647 Patienten an einer behandelbaren NNK versterben. Dies macht die Notwendigkeit, die genauen Umstände und Ursachen einer NNK zu verstehen, noch wichtiger. Die Analysen der Risikofaktoren einer NNK haben jedoch nur ein begrenztes Potential, Patienten mit einem besonders hohen Risiko für das Auftreten von NKK zu identifizieren. Patientenaufklärungen im Hinblick auf Dosisanpassungen der Glukokortikoide in Stresssituationen werden die intravenösen Gaben von Glukokortikoiden nicht unnötig machen, um eine drohende NNK zu verhindern. Anstrengungen um eine einheitliche Patientenaufklärung mit dem Training der Selbstbehandlung mit parenteralem Hydrocortison werden essentiell sein, um die NNK als Todesursache zu verhindern. Die aktuelle Studie zeigt, dass die bisherigen Anstrengungen, eine einheitliche und breite Informationsgrundlage zu vermitteln, nicht ausreichend sind. Denn auch bei medizinischem Fachpersonal besteht anscheinend nach wie vor die Notwendigkeit einer intensiveren Schulung und Aufklärung. In mehreren telefonischen Kontakten berichteten Patienten, dass sich ärztliche Kollegen nur zurückhaltend auf eine ausreichend hohe intravenöse Cortisongabe einlassen konnten, in einem Fall sogar, obwohl der betroffene Patient einen Notfallausweis bei sich trug. Auch in der Laienpresse wurde von einem Fall berichtet, in dem laut Aussage der Patientin eine Cortisonanpassung nicht ausreichend erfolgte.[40] Da die meisten tätigen Ärzte nur sehr selten mit dem Krankheitsbild einer NNK konfrontiert sind, reagieren diese rezidivierend nicht adäquat.[8] Auch zeigen sich die Symptome einer NNK häufig sehr unspezifisch, weshalb es vielen Ärzten schwer fallen mag, diese zu erkennen. Da eine frühzeitige Intervention für ein gutes Out Come jedoch unverzichtbar ist, sollten weitere Anstrengungen gemacht werden, auch ärztliche Kollegen über diese Erkrankung und deren Behandlung aufzuklären. Weiterhin zeigt sich auch die Schulung von Familie und Freunden als sinnvoll, um das Aktionspotential im Falle einer akuten Verschlechterung der Nebennierenrindenerkrankung zu verstärken. 423 Fragebögen waren für die Ersterhebung verfügbar, insgesamt schlossen 364 Patienten (84%) das gesamte follow up über 2 Jahre ab. 767,5 Patientenjahre konnten über die Studie erfasst werden. Innerhalb der Erhebungszeit wurde von 64 NNK berichtet. Dies entspricht einer Häufigkeit von 8,3 Krisen/100 Patientenjahre. Als Hauptauslösefaktoren konnten gastrointestinale Infektionen, Fieber und emotionaler Stress erkannt werden. Die Häufigkeit entsprach 20%. Jedoch auch andere Stressoren konnten identifiziert werden. Hier zeigten sich zum Beispiel Operationen, starke Schmerzen, Hitze, anstrengende körperliche Betätigung und Schwangerschaft als ursächlich. In 7% der Fälle konnte bei einer plötzlichen Verschlechterung des Zustandes keine auslösende Ursache gefunden werden. Es fand sich jedoch, dass Patienten, die in ihrer Anamnese bereits eine oder mehrere NNK erlitten hatten, ein höheres Risiko für eine erneute Entgleisung auswiesen. (Odds ratio 2,85, 95% Konfidenzinterval 1.5–5.5, p 0,01) Andere Risikofaktoren konnten in der aktuellen Studie nicht identifiziert werden. Während des Erhebungszeitraumes von zwei Jahren verstarben insgesamt zehn Patienten. Vier dieser Todesfälle konnte einer NNK als Todesursache zugeordnet werden. Dies entspricht einer Mortalitätshäufigkeit von 0,5/100 Patientenjahre. Somit war in unserer Studie die NNK-assoziierte Mortalität 6% der NNK. Unsere Studienteilnehmer wurden zu Beginn des Follow ups detailliert über die Notwendigkeit von Dosisanpassungen und der Inanspruchnahme von professionellen Helfern aufgeklärt. Dennoch zeigte sich im Vergleich zu anderen Studien mit 8,3 NNK/100 Patientenjahre keine reduzierte NNK-Häufigkeit. Jedoch konnte durchaus eine Reduktion der NNK-Häufigkeit im Vergleich zu den Daten im Ersterhebungsbogen gezeigt werden. Neben der Notwendigkeit, die Patientenaufklärung zu verbessern, zeigte die vorliegende Studie jedoch auch, dass weitere Anstrengungen gemacht werden müssen, um das Vorgehen vor und bei einer NNK weiterhin zu optimieren. So sind die genauen Umstände, die zu einer NNK führen, bis heute noch nicht detailliert geklärt. Zwar konnten einige Risikofaktoren und auslösende Situationen identifiziert werden, jedoch nicht die Frage, warum einige Patienten eine NNK bekommen und Andere nicht. In diesem Zusammenhang besteht auch weiterhin die Frage, warum einige Patienten gut auf eine Erhöhung der oralen Cortisondosis reagieren und Andere trotz der Erhöhung in eine NNK kommen. Hieraus ergibt sich die Frage, ob es Patienten gibt, die sensitiver auf das Cortison reagieren, und wenn dies der Fall ist, warum. Hierfür könnte sprechen, dass es Patienten gibt, die rezidivierend in eine NNK kommen, während Andere nie ein Krise erleiden. Auch wird es weiterhin Anstrengungen und neue Strategien brauchen, eine schnellstmögliche Intervention im Falle einer Verschlechterung des Allgemeinzustandes zu gewährleisten. Hier sind bessere, flächendeckende Aufklärungen für medizinisches Fachpersonal und/oder die Verbesserung der mitgeführten Notfallkarten notwendig. Eine Strategie, die Interventionszeit zu verkürzen, wäre der Ausbau der Selbstinjektionen durch den betroffenen Patienten oder dessen Angehörige. N2 - A prospective study examining the incidence of adrenal crises in patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency KW - Nebenniere KW - Nebennierenkrise KW - Nebennierenerkrankung KW - Nebennierenrinde KW - Nebenniereninsuffizienz Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140654 ER - TY - THES A1 - Krausert [geb. Riegel], Katharina Margarete T1 - Die klinsche Relevanz milder und moderater Hyponatriämie T1 - The clinical relevance of mild and chronic Hyponatremia N2 - Ziel des Projektes war es, die klinische Beeinträchtigung der chronisch mild und moderat hyponatriämen Patienten in einem longitudinalen Vergleich vor und nach Elektrolytkorrektur zu erfassen, um neue Therapieansätze in der Behandlung der als asymptomatisch eingestuften Erkrankung zu erlangen. Die Studie unterteilte sich in einen diagnostischen Teil, in welchem Spontanurin und eine Blutprobe analysiert, sowie die klinische Anamnese erfasst wurden, und einen experimentellen Teil, in welchem eine kognitive und neuromuskuläre Testung erfolgte. Die kognitive Untersuchung erfasste die Reaktionsschnelligkeit und Konzentrationsfähigkeit der Patienten. Hierfür standen die validierte Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung (TAP 2.0 für Windows) und das Softwarepaket Wiener Testsystem 32.0 zur Verfügung. Die neuromuskuläre Testung erfolgte mit Hilfe der Messplattform Balance-X-Sensor. Das Vorgehen war standardisiert und reproduzierbar. Zusätzlich wurde anhand eines Anamnesebogens die Ausprägung klinischer Zeichen einer symptomatischen Hyponatriämie erfragt (Kopfschmerzen, Konfusion, mentale Verlangsamung, Reizbarkeit, Streitsüchtigkeit, Desorientierung zu Zeit/Ort/Person, Müdigkeit, Leistungsfähigkeit, Schwindel, Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Gangunsicherheit, Stürze, Krämpfe) und abschließend Daten über die aktuelle Lebensqualität der Patienten mit Hilfe des SF-36 Fragebogens erhoben. Im Anschluss an die Testungen wurden die Patienten dazu angewiesen, ihren Natriumhaushalt mithilfe einer individuellen Medikation, die unter Beachtung der aktuellen Behandlungsrichtlinien ausgewählt wurde, zu korrigieren. Eine Wiedervorstellung der Patienten erfolgte nach 14 Tagen um die Testungen im elektrolytkorrigierten Zustand zu wiederholen. Ein longitudinaler Vergleich der Messergebnisse soll Aufschluss über das Ausmaß einer Veränderung bezüglich der Leistungsfähigkeit und dem Empfinden der Patienten geben. Um den Querschnittsvergleich mit einem gesunden Kontrollkollektiv zu ermöglichen, fanden die neuromuskulären und kognitiven Testungen ebenfalls mit normonatriämen, gesunden Probanden statt. Für den Querschnittsvergleich der Lebensqualitätsmessung diente die international anerkannte US-Kontrollpopulation aus dem Jahr 1998. Die Studie wurde zur übersichtlicheren Darstellung in zwei separate Arbeiten aufgeteilt. Der vorliegende Teil befasst sich mit der neuromuskulären Gleichgewichtstestung, sowie mit der Evaluierung der subjektiv empfundenen Lebensqualität der Patienten vor und nach Elektrolytkorrektur. Im Rahmen dieser Studie konnten Daten über das Gleichgewicht und die subjektive Lebensqualität von insgesamt 19 Patienten mit chronischer Hyponatriämie (121-133 mmol/l) erhoben werden. Die Auswertung des Gleichgewichtstests mittels Balance-X-Sensor wies auf ein reduziertes Gleichgewichtsvermögen der Patienten nach Elektrolytkorrektur hin. Hierbei konnte in keinem der ermittelten Parameter (Kraftvektorfläche, Muskelleistungsfrequenz, Stehleistung) ein signifikanter Unterschied gezeigt werden. Vorangegangene Studien zum verbesserten Gleichgewichtsvermögen nach medikamentöser Einstellung der Serumnatriumkonzentration konnten somit nicht bestätigt werden. Einzelne Stehübungen wurden zudem von dem gesunden Kontrollkollektiv mit einem signifikant besseren Gleichgewicht, bei zugleich niedrigerer Standardabweichung, ausgeführt. Die Erfassung der Lebensqualität erfolgte mit Hilfe des SF-36 Fragebogens. Die Patienten wiesen nach Elektrolytkorrektur insgesamt keine signifikant verbesserte Lebensqualität auf. Im Querschnittsvergleich mit einer gesunden Kontrollpopulation wies die Auswertung der Fragebögen auf eine insgesamt verminderte Lebensqualität, sowohl vor als auch nach Elektrolytkorrektur, hin. Die vorliegende Studie zeigt eine körperliche Beeinträchtigung, sowie eine tendenziell verschlechterte subjektive Lebensqualität, chronisch mild hyponatriämer Patienten. Eine signifikante Verbesserung der Werte konnte nach Anheben der Serumnatriumkonzentration nicht festgestellt werden. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse sollten in Folgestudien mit einem größeren Patienten- und Probandenkollektiv, einem krankheitsspezifischen Fragebogen, sowie einem doppelblinden Studienaufbau überprüft werden. Auch die Möglichkeit der Durchführung einer multizentrischen Studie sollte geprüft werden. Der SF-36 Fragebogen und der Balance-X-Sensor können hierbei als kostengünstige Messinstrumente den subjektiven und objektiven Erfolg der Therapiemaßnahme dokumentieren. Ein konsequentes Anheben der Serumnatriumkonzentration bis in den Normbereich liefert zudem eine bessere Vergleichbarkeit mit internationalen Studien. N2 - The aim of the project was to grasp the clinical interference of the patients with mild and moderate chronic hypontremia in a longitudinale comparison before and after electrolyte correction to attain new therapy attempts in the treatment of the as asymptomatic classified illness. The study divided itself into a diagnostic part in which spontaneous urine and a blood test was analysed, as well as the clinical anamnesis were grasped, and an experimental part in which a cognitive and neuromuscular test occurred. The cognitive investigation grasped the reaction quickness and concentration ability of the patients. For this were available the validated test battery to the attention check (TAP 2. 0 for Windows) and the software package Viennese test system 32. 0. The neuromuscular test occurred with the help of the measuring platform balance X sensor. The action was standardised and reproduceable. In addition, the clinical signs of a symptomatic Hyponatremia were asked with the help of a questionnaire (headaches, confusion, mental slowing down, irritability, quarrel addiction, disorientation to time/place/person, tiredness, efficiency, dizziness, feeling of sickness, vomiting, walking insecurity, falls, cramps). The quality of life of the patients was asked with the help of the SF-36 questionnaire. After the tests the patients were depended to correct her sodium household with the help of an individual medication which was selected considering the topical directives of treatment. A reimage of the patients occurred after 14 days in the electrolyte-corrected state. A longitudinale comparison of the measuring results should give explanation about the magnitude of a change with regard to the efficiency and the feeling of the patients. To allow the cross section comparison with a healthy controlling group, we took the neuromuscular and cognitive tests also with healthy test persons in Normonatremia. For the cross section comparison of the quality of life measurement the internationally approved US-controlling population from 1998 was used. The study was split to the more clear representation in two separate parts. The present part deals with neuromuscular balance tests, as well as with the evaluation of the subjectively felt quality of life of the patients before and after electrolyte correction. Within the scope of this study data could be raised above the balance and the subjective quality of life of a total of 19 patients with chronic Hyponatremia (121-133 mmol/l). The evaluation of the balance test with balance X sensor showed a diminished balance property of the patients after electrolyte correction. A significant difference could be shown in none of the ascertained parametres (strength vector surface, muscle achievement frequency, standing achievement). Preceding studies to the improved balance property after medical setting of the serum sodium concentration could not be confirmed. Standing exercises were absolved by the healthy controlling group with a significantly better balance, with at the same time lower standard divergence. The patients showed after electrolyte correction no significantly improved quality of life. In the cross section comparison with a healthy controlling population the quality of life is lower before as well as after electrolyte correction. The present study shows a physical interference, as well as a by trend worse subjective quality of life of patients with chronically mild Hyponatremia. A significant improvement of the values could not be ascertained on raising the serum sodium concentration. The results should be checked in subsequent studies with a bigger patient and test person group, a questionnaire specific for illness, as well as a double-blind study construction. The possibility of the realisation of a multicenter study should be checked. The SF-36 questionnaire and the balance X sensor are reasonable measuring instruments to document the subjective and objective success of the therapy. Besides, raising of the serum sodium concentration till the norm area would deliver a better comparability with international studies. KW - Hyponatriämie KW - Lebensqualität KW - Motorisches Gleichgewicht KW - chronische Hyponatriämie Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-136185 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schober, Kilian T1 - Der Einfluss von CLEC16A auf Autophagie - ein neuer Mechanismus in der Pathogenese von Typ-1-Diabetes T1 - The influence of CLEC16A on autophagy - a new mechanism in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes N2 - Das Gen CLEC16A ist mit der Autoimmunerkrankung Typ-1-Diabetes assoziiert. NOD-Mäuse mit einem Clec16a-KD sind vor der Entwicklung von Diabetes geschützt, der entscheidende Wirkungsort für Clec16a sind dabei TECs. Im Rahmen zentraler Toleranz präsentieren TECs CD4+ Thymozyten Selbstantigene auf MHC II-Komplexen. Autophagie ist ein Zellprozess, der in TECs MHC II-Komplexen Selbstantigene zuführt und so für die Entwicklung zentraler Toleranz essentiell ist. Das Ortholog von CLEC16A, ema, fördert die Bildung von Autophagosomen. So wurde vermutet, dass CLEC16A ein Suszeptibilitätsgen für Typ-1-Diabetes ist, weil es Autophagie in TECs und somit deren MHC II-Beladung verändert. Die vorliegende Arbeit schaltete CLEC16A in einer humanen Zelllinie durch RNAi aus und untersuchte die autophagische Aktivität dieser Zellen. Außerdem untersuchte sie die Autophagie von TECs aus NOD-Clec16a-KD-Mäusen. Die Beurteilung erfolgte morphologisch durch Immunzytochemie bzw. -histochemie und funktionell durch Immunoblots. Es wurde gezeigt, dass der KD von CLEC16A in vitro und in vivo Autophagie funktionell beeinträchtigt. Damit liefert die vorliegende Arbeit zusammen mit den Ergebnissen der Arbeitsgruppe Kissler einen möglichen Erklärungsansatz, warum CLEC16A ein mit Typ-1-Diabetes assoziiertes Gen ist. CLEC16A fördert Autophagie in TECs, was die Selbstantigen-Beladung von MHC II-Komplexen verändert. Selbstreaktive CD4+ Thymozyten führen so zum Verlust zentraler Toleranz und der Entwicklung von Typ-1-Diabetes. Weitere Untersuchungen sind jedoch notwendig, um diese Hypothese zu bekräftigen. N2 - The gene CLEC16A is associated with type 1 diabetes. NOD mice with a Clec16a-KD are protected from diabetes. Specifically, the protection is dependent on a Clec16a-KD in TECs. TECs present self-antigens to CD4+ thymocytes for positive selection and central tolerance. Some TECs show constitutive levels of autophagy and in these cells, autophagy changes the TCR ligandome of self antigens, thereby modulating central tolerance. The orthologous gene of CLEC16A in Drosophila, ema, promotes the formation of autophagosomes. It was therefore hypothesized that CLEC16A is associated with type 1 diabetes, as it changes autophagy in TECs. This doctoral thesis knocked down CLEC16A in a human cell line, using RNA interference, and investigated TECs from NOD-Clec16a-KD mice. Autophagic flux was determined using immunocytochemistry/immunohistochemistry and immunoblot of the autophagic markers p62 and LC3. It was shown that a KD of CLEC16A compromises autophagic activity in vitro and in vivo. Together with further results from the lab of Stephan Kissler, a change in autophagy in TECs through CLEC16A provides a possible reason for the association with type 1 diabetes, but also other autoimmune diseases: CLEC16A enhances autophagy in TECs, which modulates MHC II self-peptide loading. Self reactive CD4+ T cells are thus not eliminated by central tolerance and contribute to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. KW - Thymus KW - Autophagie KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Typ-1-Diabetes KW - Autophagie KW - Zentrale Toleranz Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-138715 ER - TY - THES A1 - Lang, Mirjam T1 - Diffusionsmessung mittels Rebreathing T1 - Diffusion measurement by rebreathing N2 - Für die Messung der Diffusionskapazität der Lunge für Kohlenmonoxid (Transferfak-tor) stehen verschiedene Verfahren zur Verfügung. Die Messwerte für den Transferfak-tor unterscheiden sich nicht nur je nach dem angewandten Verfahren, sondern auch in Abhängigkeit von der technischen Ausrüstung und den Eigenheiten der Methodik. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, ein neu eingeführtes Rebreath-Gerät, das die Diffusionskapazität nach der von Stam (Stam et al. 1998) entwickelten Methode misst, in der klinischen Praxis zu testen. Die Messwerte sollten mit den Messungen nach dem Steady-State-Verfahren, das sich im Lungenfunktionslabor der Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik I der Universität Würzburg bewährt hatte, in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Durch adäquate Korrektur der Rebreath-Messwerte sollte eine möglichst gute Übereinstimmung der kor-respondierenden Messwerte erzielt werden. Bei den untersuchten Patientenkollektiven handelte es sich um lungengesunde Proban-den und um Patienten mit obstruktiven bzw. restriktiven Lungenerkrankungen. Bei allen Kollektiven wurden Diffusionskapazitätsmessungen nach beiden Verfahren durchge-führt und parallel dazu auch spirometrische und bodyplethysmografische Untersuchun-gen vorgenommen. Die Auswertung der Messdaten umfasste zunächst eine univariate Analyse zur Ermittlung von diagnostischen und demografischen Einflussgrößen (Prä-diktoren) auf die Messwerte der beiden Verfahren und auf die Bodyplethysmographie. Anschließend wurden schrittweise mittels multipler linearer Regression aus den ver-schiedenen Einflussgrößen primäre Prädiktoren für die Messungen mit den beiden Ver-fahren ermittelt. Schließlich wurde eine Schätzformel abgeleitet, die unter der Berück-sichtigung der wichtigsten Prädiktoren die optimale Näherung der Rebreath-Messwerte an die korrespondierenden Steady-State-Messwerte erlaubte. Mit beiden Verfahren wurden für die Patienten niedrigere Werte der Diffusionskapazi-tät ermittelt als für gesunde Probanden, mit den niedrigsten Werten bei Patienten mit restriktiver Lungenerkrankung. Für obstruktiv Erkrankte fanden sich die höchsten Alve-olarvolumina und entsprechend die niedrigsten Werte für den Krogh-Faktor. Mit beiden Verfahren konnte eine Abhängigkeit der Messwerte für den Transferfaktor von Ge-schlecht und Alter festgestellt werden. Als primärer Prädiktor galt allerdings in beiden Fällen die Diagnose. Bemerkenswert ist der starke Einfluss des BMI auf einige der ge-messenen Parameter (TLCOkorr, Krogh-Faktor, DLCO%), was eine stärkere Berück-sichtigung des BMI als prädiktiven Faktor nahe legt. Die Korrelation zwischen den Messwerten aus den beiden Verfahren war mäßig. Das Steady-State-Gerät maß den Transferfaktor signifikant und wesentlich höher als das Rebreath-Gerät. Die schwächste Korrelation fand sich unter allen untersuchten Parame-tern für die Prozentwerte vom Soll TLCO% und DLCO%. Die Abweichung der korres-pondierenden Messwerte unterschied sich zudem je nach Diagnose, Alter und Höhe des Messwerts. Die Spirometrie und Bodyplethysmografie zeigte die zu erwartenden geschlechts-, al-ters- und diagnosespezifischen Charakteristika, wobei nahezu alle bodyplethysmografi-schen Parameter primär mit der Diagnose und nur sekundär mit demografischen Fakto-ren korrelierten. Die Einsekundenkapazität FEV1 erwies sich als ein wichtiger Prädiktor für die Steady-State-Diffusionskapazität und als geeignet, um die Rebreath-Messwerte der Zielsetzung entsprechend zu korrigieren. Sowohl für die Absolut- als auch für Rela-tivwerte der Diffusionskapazität konnte eine Schätzformel abgeleitet werden, welche die optimale Näherung der Rebreath-Werte an die entsprechenden Steady-State-Werte ermöglichte. Die bessere Näherung gelang für die Absolutwerte des Transferfaktors. N2 - Several methods have been developed to estimate the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide ( transfer factor). The measurements for the transfer factor differ not only depending on the applied method, but also on the technical equipment and the peculiarities of the methodology. The aim of this study was to test in clinical practice a newly introduced rebreath device that measures the diffusion capacity after rebreathing method developed by Stam (Stam et al. 1998). The measured values should be set in relationship with the measurements according to the steady-state method, which had been proven in pulmonary function laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Würzburg. Measurements were perfomed with healty volunteers and outpatients with obstructive and restrictive lung disease. All patients were measured by the rebreathing method, by the the steady state method and by the bodyplethysmographie. The evaluation of the measurement data initially comprised a univariate analysis of diagnostic and demographic influences (predictors) on the measurement values of both methods and of the bodyplethysmographie. Then by stepwise multiple regression analysis of the various influencing factors primary predictors for the measurements with both methods were determined. Finally, an estimation formula has been derived that allowed the optimal approximation of the values by the rebreathing method and the steady state method, taking account of the most important predictors. With both methods, diffusion capacity in patients was smaller than in healthy patients, with the lowest values in the patients with restrictive lung disease. Also with both methods a dependence of the measured values for the transfer factor of gender and age was found. Although the primary predictor in both cases was the diagnosis. Noteworthy is the strong influence of BMI on some of the measured parameters (TLCOkorr, Krogh-Faktor, DLCO%), suggesting a stronger consideration of BMI as a predictor. The correlation between the measured values of both methods was moderately. The steady state device measured the transfer factor significantly and substantially higher than the rebreathing appliance. Among all investigated parameters the weakest correlation was found for the percentage values from the setpoint TLCO% and DLCO%. The deviation of the corresponding measured values also differed by diagnosis, age and height of the measured value. The bodyplethysmographie showed the expected gender-, age-, and diagnosis specific characteristics. Almost all bodyplethysmographic parameters correlated primarily with the diagnosis, and only secondarily with demographic factors. The FEV1 was found to be an important predictor for the steady-state diffusion capacity and as appropriate, to correct the rebreath- values accordingly to the objective. Both the absolute and relative values of diffusion capacity an estimation formula was derived, which enabled the optimum approximation of the rebreath values to the respective steady-state values. The better approximation succeeded for the absolute values of the transfer factor. KW - Rebreathing KW - Rebreathing KW - Rückatmungsmethode Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132750 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oder, Daniel A1 - Üceyler, Nurcan A1 - Liu, Dan A1 - Hu, Kai A1 - Petritsch, Bernhard A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Nordbeck, Peter T1 - Organ manifestations and long-term outcome of Fabry disease in patients with the GLA haplotype D313Y JF - BMJ Open N2 - Objectives: The severity of Fabry disease is dependent on the type of mutation in the α-galactosidase A (AgalA) encoding gene (GLA). This study focused on the impact of the GLA haplotype D313Y on long-term organ involvement and function. Setting and participants: In this monocentric study, all participants presenting with the D313Y haplotype between 2001 and 2015 were comprehensively clinically investigated at baseline and during a 4-year follow-up if available. Five females and one male were included. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Cardiac, nephrological, neurological, laboratory and quality of life data. Results: AgalA enzyme activity in leucocytes (0.3±0.9 nmol/min/mg protein (mean±SD)) and serum lyso-Gb3 (0.6±0.3 ng/mL at baseline) were in normal range in all patients. Cardiac morphology and function were normal (left-ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 66±8%; interventricular septum 7.7±1.4 mm; LV posterior wall 7.5±1.4 mm; normalised LV mass in MRI 52±9 g/m2; LV global longitudinal strain −21.6±1.9%) and there were no signs of myocardial fibrosis in cardiac MRI. Cardiospecific biomarkers were also in normal range. Renal function was not impaired (estimated glomerular filtration rate MDRD 103±15 mL/min; serum-creatinine 0.75±0.07 mg/dL; cystatin-c 0.71±0.12 mg/L). One female patient (also carrying a Factor V Leiden mutation) had a transitory ischaemic attack. One patient showed white matter lesions in brain MRI, but none had Fabry-associated pain attacks, pain crises, evoked pain or permanent pain. Health-related quality of life analysis revealed a reduction in individual well-being. At long-term follow-up after 4 years, no significant change was seen in any parameter. Conclusions: The results of the current study suggest that the D313Y genotype does not lead to severe organ manifestations as seen in genotypes known to be causal for classical FD." KW - inherited metabolic disorders KW - Anderson-Fabry Disease KW - D313Y genotype KW - Fabry cardiomyopathy KW - Fabry nephropathy KW - Fabry-associated pain Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161210 VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gratwohl, A A1 - Pfirrmann, M A1 - Zander, A A1 - Kröger, N A1 - Beelen, D A1 - Novotny, J A1 - Nerl, C A1 - Scheid, C A1 - Spiekermann, K A1 - Mayer, J A1 - Sayer, HG A1 - Falge, C A1 - Bunjes, D A1 - Döhner, H A1 - Ganser, A A1 - Schmidt-Wolf, I A1 - Schwerdtfeger, R A1 - Baurmann, H A1 - Kuse, R A1 - Schmitz, N A1 - Wehmeier, A A1 - Fischer, J Th A1 - Ho, AD A1 - Wilhelm, M A1 - Goebeler, M-E A1 - Lindemann, HW A1 - Bormann, M A1 - Hertenstein, B A1 - Schlimok, G A1 - Baerlocher, GM A1 - Aul, C A1 - Pfreundschuh, M A1 - Fabian, M A1 - Staib, P A1 - Edinger, M A1 - Schatz, M A1 - Fauser, A A1 - Arnold, R A1 - Kindler, T A1 - Wulf, G A1 - Rosselet, A A1 - Hellmann, A A1 - Schäfer, E A1 - Prümmer, O A1 - Schenk, M A1 - Hasford, J A1 - Heimpel, H A1 - Hossfeld, DK A1 - Kolb, H-J A1 - Büsche, G A1 - Haferlach, C A1 - Schnittger, S A1 - Müller, MC A1 - Reiter, A A1 - Berger, U A1 - Saußele, S A1 - Hochhaus, A A1 - Hehlmann, R T1 - Long-term outcome of patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia: a randomized comparison of stem cell transplantation with drug treatment JF - Leukemia N2 - Tyrosine kinase inhibitors represent today's treatment of choice in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is regarded as salvage therapy. This prospective randomized CML-study IIIA recruited 669 patients with newly diagnosed CML between July 1997 and January 2004 from 143 centers. Of these, 427 patients were considered eligible for HSCT and were randomized by availability of a matched family donor between primary HSCT (group A; N=166 patients) and best available drug treatment (group B; N=261). Primary end point was long-term survival. Survival probabilities were not different between groups A and B (10-year survival: 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69–0.82) vs 0.69 (95% CI: 0.61–0.76)), but influenced by disease and transplant risk. Patients with a low transplant risk showed superior survival compared with patients with high- (P<0.001) and non-high-risk disease (P=0.047) in group B; after entering blast crisis, survival was not different with or without HSCT. Significantly more patients in group A were in molecular remission (56% vs 39%; P = 0.005) and free of drug treatment (56% vs 6%; P<0.001). Differences in symptoms and Karnofsky score were not significant. In the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, HSCT remains a valid option when both disease and transplant risk are considered. KW - chronic myeloid leukemia KW - stem cell transplantation KW - drug treatment KW - CML KW - tyrosine kinase inhibitors KW - allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-150368 VL - 30 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dueñas-Espín, Ivan A1 - Vela, Emili A1 - Pauws, Steffen A1 - Bescos, Cristina A1 - Cano, Isaac A1 - Cleries, Montserrat A1 - Contel, Joan Carles A1 - Keenoy, Esteban de Manuel A1 - Garcia-Aymerich, Judith A1 - Gomez-Cabrero, David A1 - Kaye, Rachelle A1 - Lahr, Maarten M. H. A1 - Lluch-Ariet, Magí A1 - Moharra, Montserrat A1 - Monterde, David A1 - Mora, Joana A1 - Nalin, Marco A1 - Pavlickova, Andrea A1 - Piera, Jordi A1 - Ponce, Sara A1 - Santaeugenia, Sebastià A1 - Schonenberg, Helen A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Tegner, Jesper A1 - Velickovski, Filip A1 - Westerteicher, Christoph A1 - Roca, Josep T1 - Proposals for enhanced health risk assessment and stratification in an integrated care scenario JF - BMJ Open N2 - Objectives Population-based health risk assessment and stratification are considered highly relevant for large-scale implementation of integrated care by facilitating services design and case identification. The principal objective of the study was to analyse five health-risk assessment strategies and health indicators used in the five regions participating in the Advancing Care Coordination and Telehealth Deployment (ACT) programme (http://www.act-programme.eu). The second purpose was to elaborate on strategies toward enhanced health risk predictive modelling in the clinical scenario. Settings The five ACT regions: Scotland (UK), Basque Country (ES), Catalonia (ES), Lombardy (I) and Groningen (NL). Participants Responsible teams for regional data management in the five ACT regions. Primary and secondary outcome measures We characterised and compared risk assessment strategies among ACT regions by analysing operational health risk predictive modelling tools for population-based stratification, as well as available health indicators at regional level. The analysis of the risk assessment tool deployed in Catalonia in 2015 (GMAs, Adjusted Morbidity Groups) was used as a basis to propose how population-based analytics could contribute to clinical risk prediction. Results There was consensus on the need for a population health approach to generate health risk predictive modelling. However, this strategy was fully in place only in two ACT regions: Basque Country and Catalonia. We found marked differences among regions in health risk predictive modelling tools and health indicators, and identified key factors constraining their comparability. The research proposes means to overcome current limitations and the use of population-based health risk prediction for enhanced clinical risk assessment. Conclusions The results indicate the need for further efforts to improve both comparability and flexibility of current population-based health risk predictive modelling approaches. Applicability and impact of the proposals for enhanced clinical risk assessment require prospective evaluation. KW - health risk assessment Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164743 VL - 6 IS - e010301 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dienemann, Thomas A1 - Fujii, Naohiko A1 - Orlandi, Paula A1 - Nessel, Lisa A1 - Furth, Susan L. A1 - Hoy, Wendy E. A1 - Matsuo, Seiichi A1 - Mayer, Gert A1 - Methven, Shona A1 - Schaefer, Franz A1 - Schaeffner, Elke S. A1 - Solá, Laura A1 - Stengel, Bénédicte A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Zhang, Luxia A1 - Levin, Adeera A1 - Eckardt, Kai-Uwe A1 - Feldman, Harold I. T1 - International Network of Chronic Kidney Disease cohort studies (iNET-CKD): a global network of chronic kidney disease cohorts JF - BMC Nephrology N2 - Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden, yet it is still underrepresented within public health agendas in many countries. Studies focusing on the natural history of CKD are challenging to design and conduct, because of the long time-course of disease progression, a wide variation in etiologies, and a large amount of clinical variability among individuals with CKD. With the difference in health-related behaviors, healthcare delivery, genetics, and environmental exposures, this variability is greater across countries than within one locale and may not be captured effectively in a single study. Methods Studies were invited to join the network. Prerequisites for membership included: 1) observational designs with a priori hypotheses and defined study objectives, patient-level information, prospective data acquisition and collection of bio-samples, all focused on predialysis CKD patients; 2) target sample sizes of 1,000 patients for adult cohorts and 300 for pediatric cohorts; and 3) minimum follow-up of three years. Participating studies were surveyed regarding design, data, and biosample resources. Results Twelve prospective cohort studies and two registries covering 21 countries were included. Participants age ranges from >2 to >70 years at inclusion, CKD severity ranges from stage 2 to stage 5. Patient data and biosamples (not available in the registry studies) are measured yearly or biennially. Many studies included multiple ethnicities; cohort size ranges from 400 to more than 13,000 participants. Studies’ areas of emphasis all include but are not limited to renal outcomes, such as progression to ESRD and death. Conclusions iNET-CKD (International Network of CKD cohort studies) was established, to promote collaborative research, foster exchange of expertise, and create opportunities for research training. Participating studies have many commonalities that will facilitate comparative research; however, we also observed substantial differences. The diversity we observed across studies within this network will be able to be leveraged to identify genetic, behavioral, and health services factors associated with the course of CKD. With an emerging infrastructure to facilitate interactions among the investigators of iNET-CKD and a broadly defined research agenda, we are confident that there will be great opportunity for productive collaborative investigations involving cohorts of individuals with CKD. KW - Cohort study KW - Network KW - CKD KW - Epidemiology KW - Diversity Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164604 VL - 17 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan A1 - Schröter, Nils A1 - Kafke, Waldemar A1 - Kramer, Daniela A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Weidemann, Frank A1 - Sommer, Claudia T1 - Skin Globotriaosylceramide 3 Load Is Increased in Men with Advanced Fabry Disease JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background The X-chromosomally linked life-limiting Fabry disease (FD) is associated with deposits of the sphingolipid globotriaosylceramide 3 (Gb3) in various tissues. Skin is easily accessible and may be used as an additional diagnostic and follow-up medium. Our aims were to visualize skin Gb3 deposits in FD patients applying immunofluorescence and to determine if cutaneous Gb3 load correlates with disease severity. Methods At our Fabry Center for Interdisciplinary Therapy we enrolled 84 patients with FD and 27 healthy controls. All subjects underwent 5-mm skin punch biopsy at the lateral lower leg and the back. Skin samples were processed for immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD77 (i.e. Gb3). Cutaneous Gb3 deposition was quantified in a blinded manner and correlated to clinical data. Results We found that Gb3 load was higher in distal skin of male FD patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.05). Men (p<0.01) and women (p<0.05) with a classic FD phenotype had higher distal skin Gb3 load than healthy controls. Men with advanced disease as reflected by impaired renal function, and men and women with small fiber neuropathy had more Gb3 deposits in distal skin samples than males with normal renal function (p<0.05) and without small fiber neuropathy. Gb3 deposits were not different between patients with and without enzyme replacement therapy. Conclusions Immunofluorescence on minimally invasive skin punch biopsies may be useful as a tool for assessment and follow-up in FD patients. KW - biopsy KW - neuropathy KW - Fabry disease KW - renal system KW - immunofluorescence KW - enzyme replacement therapy KW - skin diseases KW - nerve fibers Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178856 VL - 11 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stritt, Simon A1 - Nurden, Paquita A1 - Favier, Remi A1 - Favier, Marie A1 - Ferioli, Silvia A1 - Gotru, Sanjeev K. A1 - van Eeuwijk, Judith M.M. A1 - Schulze, Harald A1 - Nurden, Alan T. A1 - Lambert, Michele P. A1 - Turro, Ernest A1 - Burger-Stritt, Stephanie A1 - Matsushita, Masayuki A1 - Mittermeier, Lorenz A1 - Ballerini, Paola A1 - Zierler, Susanna A1 - Laffan, Michael A. A1 - Chubanov, Vladimir A1 - Gudermann, Thomas A1 - Nieswandt, Bernhard A1 - Braun, Attila T1 - Defects in TRPM7 channel function deregulate thrombopoiesis through altered cellular Mg\(^{2+}\) homeostasis and cytoskeletal architecture JF - Nature Communications N2 - Mg\(^{2+}\) plays a vital role in platelet function, but despite implications for life-threatening conditions such as stroke or myocardial infarction, the mechanisms controlling [Mg\(^{2+}\)]i in megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets are largely unknown. Transient receptor potential melastatin-like 7 channel (TRPM7) is a ubiquitous, constitutively active cation channel with a cytosolic α-kinase domain that is critical for embryonic development and cell survival. Here we report that impaired channel function of TRPM7 in MKs causes macrothrombocytopenia in mice (Trpm7\(^{fl/fl-Pf4Cre}\)) and likely in several members of a human pedigree that, in addition, suffer from atrial fibrillation. The defect in platelet biogenesis is mainly caused by cytoskeletal alterations resulting in impaired proplatelet formation by Trpm7\(^{fl/fl-Pf4Cre}\) MKs, which is rescued by Mg\(^{2+}\) supplementation or chemical inhibition of non-muscle myosin IIA heavy chain activity. Collectively, our findings reveal that TRPM7 dysfunction may cause macrothrombocytopenia in humans and mice. KW - Cytoskeleton KW - homeostasisIon channels KW - thrombopoiesis Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173843 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernt, Alexander A1 - Rangrez, Ashraf Y. A1 - Eden, Matthias A1 - Jungmann, Andreas A1 - Katz, Sylvia A1 - Rohr, Claudia A1 - Müller, Oliver J. A1 - Katus, Hugo A. A1 - Sossalla, Samuel T. A1 - Williams, Tatjana A1 - Ritter, Oliver A1 - Frank, Derk A1 - Frey, Norbert T1 - Sumoylation-independent activation of Calcineurin-NFAT-signaling via SUMO2 mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy JF - Scientific Reports N2 - The objective of this study was to identify unknown modulators of Calcineurin (Cn)-NFAT signaling. Measurement of NFAT reporter driven luciferase activity was therefore utilized to screen a human cardiac cDNA-library (~10\(^{7}\) primary clones) in C2C12 cells through serial dilutions until single clones could be identified. This extensive screening strategy culminated in the identification of SUMO2 as a most efficient Cn-NFAT activator. SUMO2-mediated activation of Cn-NFAT signaling in cardiomyocytes translated into a hypertrophic phenotype. Prohypertrophic effects were also observed in mice expressing SUMO2 in the heart using AAV9 (Adeno-associated virus), complementing the in vitro findings. In addition, increased SUMO2-mediated sumoylation in human cardiomyopathy patients and in mouse models of cardiomyopathy were observed. To decipher the underlying mechanism, we generated a sumoylation-deficient SUMO2 mutant (ΔGG). Surprisingly, ΔGG replicated Cn-NFAT-activation and the prohypertrophic effects of native SUMO2, both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a sumoylation-independent mechanism. Finally, we discerned a direct interaction between SUMO2 and CnA, which promotes CnA nuclear localization. In conclusion, we identified SUMO2 as a novel activator of Cn-NFAT signaling in cardiomyocytes. In broader terms, these findings reveal an unexpected role for SUMO2 in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy, which may open the possibility for therapeutic manipulation of this pathway. KW - Calcineurin-NFATsignaling KW - activation KW - SUMO2 KW - cardiac hypertrophy Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167525 VL - 6 IS - 35758 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bornstein, Stefan R. A1 - Allolio, Bruno A1 - Arlt, Wiebke A1 - Barthel, Andreas A1 - Don-Wauchope, Andrew A1 - Hammer, Gary D. A1 - Husebye, Eystein S. A1 - Merke, Deborah P. A1 - Murad, M. Hassan A1 - Stratakis, Constantine A. A1 - Torpy, David J. T1 - Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism N2 - Objective: This clinical practice guideline addresses the diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency. Participants: The Task Force included a chair, selected by The Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee of the Endocrine Society, eight additional clinicians experienced with the disease, a methodologist, and a medical writer. The co-sponsoring associations (European Society of Endocrinology and the American Association for Clinical Chemistry) had participating members. The Task Force received no corporate funding or remuneration in connection with this review. Evidence: This evidence-based guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to determine the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. Consensus Process: The evidence used to formulate recommendations was derived from two commissioned systematic reviews as well as other published systematic reviews and studies identified by the Task Force. The guideline was reviewed and approved sequentially by the Endocrine Society's Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee and Clinical Affairs Core Committee, members responding to a web posting, and the Endocrine Society Council. At each stage, the Task Force incorporated changes in response to written comments. Conclusions: We recommend diagnostic tests for the exclusion of primary adrenal insufficiency in all patients with indicative clinical symptoms or signs. In particular, we suggest a low diagnostic (and therapeutic) threshold in acutely ill patients, as well as in patients with predisposing factors. This is also recommended for pregnant women with unexplained persistent nausea, fatigue, and hypotension. We recommend a short corticotropin test (250 mu g) as the "gold standard" diagnostic tool to establish the diagnosis. If a short corticotropin test is not possible in the first instance, we recommend an initial screening procedure comprising the measurement of morning plasma ACTH and cortisol levels. Diagnosis of the underlying cause should include a validated assay of autoantibodies against 21-hydroxylase. In autoantibody-negative individuals, other causes should be sought. We recommend once-daily fludrocortisone (median, 0.1 mg) and hydrocortisone (15-25 mg/d) or cortisone acetate replacement (20-35 mg/d) applied in two to three daily doses in adults. In children, hydrocortisone (similar to 8 mg/m\(^2\)/d) is recommended. Patients should be educated about stress dosing and equipped with a steroid card and glucocorticoid preparation for parenteral emergency administration. Follow-up should aim at monitoring appropriate dosing of corticosteroids and associated autoimmune diseases, particularly autoimmune thyroid disease. KW - glucocorticoid replacement therapy KW - Addison's disease KW - short Synacthen test KW - insulin tolerance test Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190893 VL - 101 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaudron, Philipp Daniel A1 - Liu, Dan A1 - Scholz, Friederike A1 - Hu, Kai A1 - Florescu, Christiane A1 - Herrmann, Sebastian A1 - Bijnens, Bart A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Weidemann, Frank T1 - The septal bulge - an early echocardiographic sign in hypertensive heart disease JF - Journal of the American Society of Hypertension N2 - Patients in the early stage of hypertensive heart disease tend to have normal echocardiographic findings. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pathology-specific echocardiographic morphologic and functional parameters can help to detect subclinical hypertensive heart disease. One hundred ten consecutive patients without a history and medication for arterial hypertension (AH) or other cardiac diseases were enrolled. Standard echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking -imaging analysis were performed. Resting blood pressure (BP) measurement, cycle ergometer test (CET), and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) were conducted. Patients were referred to "septal bulge (SB)" group (basal-septal wall thickness >= 2 mm thicker than mid-septal wall thickness) or "no-SB" group. Echocardiographic SB was found in 48 (43.6%) of 110 patients. In this SB group, 38 (79.2%) patients showed AH either by CET or ABPM. In contrast, in the no-SB group (n = 62), 59 (95.2%) patients had no positive test for AH by CET or ABPM. When AH was solely defined by resting BP, SB was a reasonable predictive sign for AH (sensitivity 73%, specificity 76%). However, when AH was confirmed by CET or ABPM the echocardiographic SB strongly predicted clinical AH (sensitivity 93%, specificity 86%). In addition, regional myocardial deformation of the basal-septum in SB group was significantly lower than in no-SB group (14 +/- 4% vs. 17 +/- 4%; P < .001). In conclusion, SB is a morphologic echocardiographic sign for early hypertensive heart disease. Sophisticated BP evaluation including resting BP, ABPM, and CET should be performed in all patients with an accidental finding of a SB in echocardiography. KW - Septal bulge KW - hypertension KW - blood pressure monitoring KW - echocardiography KW - heart disease Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191433 VL - 10 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rücker, Viktoria A1 - Keil, Ulrich A1 - Fitzgerald, Anthony P A1 - Malzahn, Uwe A1 - Prugger, Christof A1 - Ertl, Georg A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U A1 - Neuhauser, Hannelore T1 - Predicting 10-Year Risk of Fatal Cardiovascular Disease in Germany: An Update Based on the SCORE-Deutschland Risk Charts JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Estimation of absolute risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), preferably with population-specific risk charts, has become a cornerstone of CVD primary prevention. Regular recalibration of risk charts may be necessary due to decreasing CVD rates and CVD risk factor levels. The SCORE risk charts for fatal CVD risk assessment were first calibrated for Germany with 1998 risk factor level data and 1999 mortality statistics. We present an update of these risk charts based on the SCORE methodology including estimates of relative risks from SCORE, risk factor levels from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008–11 (DEGS1) and official mortality statistics from 2012. Competing risks methods were applied and estimates were independently validated. Updated risk charts were calculated based on cholesterol, smoking, systolic blood pressure risk factor levels, sex and 5-year age-groups. The absolute 10-year risk estimates of fatal CVD were lower according to the updated risk charts compared to the first calibration for Germany. In a nationwide sample of 3062 adults aged 40–65 years free of major CVD from DEGS1, the mean 10-year risk of fatal CVD estimated by the updated charts was lower by 29% and the estimated proportion of high risk people (10-year risk > = 5%) by 50% compared to the older risk charts. This recalibration shows a need for regular updates of risk charts according to changes in mortality and risk factor levels in order to sustain the identification of people with a high CVD risk. KW - fatal cardiovascular disease KW - SCORE KW - Germany Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166804 VL - 11 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weismann, Dirk A1 - Schneider, Andreas A1 - Höybye, Charlotte T1 - Clinical aspects of symptomatic hyponatremia JF - Endocrine Connections N2 - Hyponatremia (HN) is a common condition, with a large number of etiologies and a complicated treatment. Although chronic HN has been shown to be a predictor of poor outcome, sodium-increasing treatments in chronic stable and asymptomatic HN have not proven to increase life expectancy. For symptomatic HN, in contrast, the necessity for urgent treatment has broadly been accepted to avoid the development of fatal cerebral edema. On the other hand, a too rapid increase of serum sodium in chronic HN may result in cerebral damage due to osmotic demyelinisation. Recently, administration of hypertonic saline bolus has been recommended as first-line treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe symptomatic HN. This approach is easy to memorize and holds the potential to greatly facilitate the initial treatment of symptomatic HN. First-line treatment of chronic HN is fluid restriction and if ineffective treatment with tolvaptan or in some patients other agents should be considered. A number of recommendations and guidelines have been published on HN. In the present review, the management of patients with HN in relation to everyday clinical practice is summarized with focus on the acute management. KW - hyponatremia KW - clinical Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-162936 VL - 5 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Macdougall, Iain C. A1 - Bircher, Andreas J. A1 - Eckhardt, Kai-Uwe A1 - Obrador, Gregorio T. A1 - Pollock, Carol A. A1 - Stenvinkel, Peter A1 - Swinkels, Dorine W. A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Weiss, Günter A1 - Chertow, Glenn M. T1 - Iron management in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a "Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes" (KDIGO) Controversies Conference JF - Kidney International N2 - Before the introduction of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in 1989, repeated transfusions given to patients with end-stage renal disease caused iron overload, and the need for supplemental iron was rare. However, with the widespread introduction of ESAs, it was recognized that supplemental iron was necessary to optimize hemoglobin response and allow reduction of the ESA dose for economic reasons and recent concerns about ESA safety. Iron supplementation was also found to be more efficacious via intravenous compared to oral administration, and the use of intravenous iron has escalated in recent years. The safety of various iron compounds has been of theoretical concern due to their potential to induce iron overload, oxidative stress, hypersensitivity reactions, and a permissive environment for infectious processes. Therefore, an expert group was convened to assess the benefits and risks of parenteral iron, and to provide strategies for its optimal use while mitigating the risk for acute reactions and other adverse effects. KW - chronic kidney disease KW - hypersensitivity KW - infections KW - iron KW - overload KW - oxidative stress Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191467 VL - 89 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schupp, Nicole A1 - Stopper, Helga A1 - Heidland, August T1 - DNA Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation of Clinical Biomarkers JF - Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity N2 - Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit an increased cancer risk compared to a healthy control population. To be able to estimate the cancer risk of the patients and to assess the impact of interventional therapies thereon, it is of particular interest to measure the patients’ burden of genomic damage. Chromosomal abnormalities, reduced DNA repair, and DNA lesions were found indeed in cells of patients with CKD. Biomarkers for DNA damage measurable in easily accessible cells like peripheral blood lymphocytes are chromosomal aberrations, structural DNA lesions, and oxidatively modified DNA bases. In this review the most common methods quantifying the three parameters mentioned above, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, the comet assay, and the quantification of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, are evaluated concerning the feasibility of the analysis and regarding the marker’s potential to predict clinical outcomes. KW - chronic kidney disease KW - cancer risk KW - DNA damage KW - biomarkers Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166569 VL - 2016 IS - 3592042 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ortiz, Alberto A1 - Abiose, Ademola A1 - Bichet, Daniel G. A1 - Cabrera, Gustavo A1 - Charrow, Joel A1 - Germain, Dominique P. A1 - Hopkin, Robert J. A1 - Jovanovic, Ana A1 - Linhart, Aleš A1 - Maruti, Sonia S. A1 - Mauer, Michael A1 - Oliveira, João P. A1 - Patel, Manesh R. A1 - Politei, Juan A1 - Waldek, Stephen A1 - Wanner, Christoph A1 - Yoo, Han-Wook A1 - Warnock, David G. T1 - Time to treatment benefit for adult patients with Fabry disease receiving agalsidase beta: data from the Fabry Registry JF - Journal of Medical Genetics N2 - Background Agalsidase beta is a form of enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease, a genetic disorder characterised by low alpha-galactosidase A activity, accumulation of glycosphingolipids and life-threatening cardiovascular, renal and cerebrovascular events. In clinical trials, agalsidase beta cleared glycolipid deposits from endothelial cells within 6 months; clearance from other cell types required sustained treatment. We hypothesised that there might be a 'lag time' to clinical benefit after initiating agalsidase beta treatment, and analysed the incidence of severe clinical events over time in patients receiving agalsidase beta. Methods The incidence of severe clinical events (renal failure, cardiac events, stroke, death) was studied in 1044 adult patients (641 men, 403 women) enrolled in the Fabry Registry who received agalsidase beta (average dose 1 mg/kg every 2 weeks) for up to 5 years. Results The incidence of all severe clinical events was 111 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 84 to 145) during the first 6 months. After 6 months, the incidence decreased and remained stable within the range of 40-58 events per 1000 patient-years. The largest decrease in incidence rates was among male patients and those aged >= 40 years when agalsidase beta was initiated. Conclusions Contrary to the expected increased incidence of severe clinical events with time, adult patients with Fabry disease had decreased incidence of severe clinical events after 6 months treatment with agalsidase beta 1 mg/kg every 2 weeks. KW - Enzyme replacement therapy KW - Natural-history data KW - Racial differences KW - Outcome survey KW - Galactosidase-A gene KW - Alpha-Galactosidase KW - Kidney function KW - Lag time Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188241 VL - 53 IS - 7 ER -