TY  - JOUR
A1  - Appel, Mirjam
A1  - Scholz, Claus-Jürgen
A1  - Müller, Tobias
A1  - Dittrich, Marcus
A1  - König, Christian
A1  - Bockstaller, Marie
A1  - Oguz, Tuba
A1  - Khalili, Afshin
A1  - Antwi-Adjei, Emmanuel
A1  - Schauer, Tamas
A1  - Margulies, Carla
A1  - Tanimoto, Hiromu
A1  - Yarali, Ayse
T1  - Genome-Wide Association Analyses Point to Candidate Genes for Electric Shock Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Electric shock is a common stimulus for nociception-research and the most widely used reinforcement in aversive associative learning experiments. Yet, nothing is known about the mechanisms it recruits at the periphery. To help fill this gap, we undertook a genome-wide association analysis using 38 inbred Drosophila melanogaster strains, which avoided shock to varying extents. We identified 514 genes whose expression levels and/or sequences covaried with shock avoidance scores. We independently scrutinized 14 of these genes using mutants, validating the effect of 7 of them on shock avoidance. This emphasizes the value of our candidate gene list as a guide for follow-up research. In addition, by integrating our association results with external protein-protein interaction data we obtained a shock avoidance- associated network of 38 genes. Both this network and the original candidate list contained a substantial number of genes that affect mechanosensory bristles, which are hairlike organs distributed across the fly's body. These results may point to a potential role for mechanosensory bristles in shock sensation. Thus, we not only provide a first list of candidate genes for shock avoidance, but also point to an interesting new hypothesis on nociceptive mechanisms.
KW  - functional analysis
KW  - disruption project
KW  - natural variation
KW  - complex traits
KW  - networks
KW  - behavior
KW  - flies
KW  - temperature
KW  - genetics
KW  - painful
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-152006
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boelch, S. P.
A1  - Jansen, H.
A1  - Meffert, R. H.
A1  - Frey, S. P.
T1  - Six Sesamoid Bones on Both Feet: Report of a Rare Case
JF  - Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
N2  - There is a variation of the total number of distinct bones in the human in the literature. This difference is mainly caused by the variable existence of sesamoid bones. Sesamoid bones at the first MTP are seen regularly. In contrast additional sesamoid bones at the divond to fifth MTP are rare. We report a case of additional sesamoid bones at every metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP) of both feet.
A 22-year-old female Caucasian presented with weight-dependent pain of the divond MTP of the left foot. In the radiographs of both feet additional sesamoid bones at every MTP could be seen. This case reports a very rare variation in human anatomy. A similar case has not been displayed to the academic society and therefore should be acknowledged.
KW  - anatomy
KW  - genetics
KW  - variation
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126073
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
ER  -