TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aso, Yoshinori
A1  - Herb, Andrea
A1  - Ogueta, Maite
A1  - Siwanowicz, Igor
A1  - Templier, Thomas
A1  - Friedrich, Anja B.
A1  - Ito, Kei
A1  - Scholz, Henrike
A1  - Tanimoto, Hiromu
T1  - Three Dopamine Pathways Induce Aversive Odor Memories with Different Stability
JF  - PLoS Genetics
N2  - Animals acquire predictive values of sensory stimuli through reinforcement. In the brain of Drosophila melanogaster, activation of two types of dopamine neurons in the PAM and PPL1 clusters has been shown to induce aversive odor memory. Here, we identified the third cell type and characterized aversive memories induced by these dopamine neurons. These three dopamine pathways all project to the mushroom body but terminate in the spatially segregated subdomains. To understand the functional difference of these dopamine pathways in electric shock reinforcement, we blocked each one of them during memory acquisition. We found that all three pathways partially contribute to electric shock memory. Notably, the memories mediated by these neurons differed in temporal stability. Furthermore, combinatorial activation of two of these pathways revealed significant interaction of individual memory components rather than their simple summation. These results cast light on a cellular mechanism by which a noxious event induces different dopamine signals to a single brain structure to synthesize an aversive memory.
KW  - dynamics
KW  - serotonin
KW  - expression
KW  - melanogaster
KW  - neurons form
KW  - olfactory memory
KW  - long-term-memory
KW  - drosophila mushroom body
KW  - sensitization
KW  - localization
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130631
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huser, Annina
A1  - Rohwedder, Astrid
A1  - Apostolopoulou, Anthi A.
A1  - Widmann, Annekathrin
A1  - Pfitzenmaier, Johanna E.
A1  - Maiolo, Elena M.
A1  - Selcho, Mareike
A1  - Pauls, Dennis
A1  - von Essen, Alina
A1  - Gupta, Tript
A1  - Sprecher, Simon G.
A1  - Birman, Serge
A1  - Riemensperger, Thomas
A1  - Stocker, Reinhard F.
A1  - Thum, Andreas S.
T1  - The Serotonergic Central Nervous System of the Drosophila Larva: Anatomy and Behavioral Function
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - The Drosophila larva has turned into a particularly simple model system for studying the neuronal basis of innate behaviors and higher brain functions. Neuronal networks involved in olfaction, gustation, vision and learning and memory have been described during the last decade, often up to the single-cell level. Thus, most of these sensory networks are substantially defined, from the sensory level up to third-order neurons. This is especially true for the olfactory system of the larva. Given the wealth of genetic tools in Drosophila it is now possible to address the question how modulatory systems interfere with sensory systems and affect learning and memory. Here we focus on the serotonergic system that was shown to be involved in mammalian and insect sensory perception as well as learning and memory. Larval studies suggested that the serotonergic system is involved in the modulation of olfaction, feeding, vision and heart rate regulation. In a dual anatomical and behavioral approach we describe the basic anatomy of the larval serotonergic system, down to the single-cell level. In parallel, by expressing apoptosis-inducing genes during embryonic and larval development, we ablate most of the serotonergic neurons within the larval central nervous system. When testing these animals for naive odor, sugar, salt and light perception, no profound phenotype was detectable; even appetitive and aversive learning was normal. Our results provide the first comprehensive description of the neuronal network of the larval serotonergic system. Moreover, they suggest that serotonin per se is not necessary for any of the behaviors tested. However, our data do not exclude that this system may modulate or fine-tune a wide set of behaviors, similar to its reported function in other insect species or in mammals. Based on our observations and the availability of a wide variety of genetic tools, this issue can now be addressed.
KW  - term memory
KW  - light avoidance
KW  - decision making
KW  - olfactory memory
KW  - immunoreactive neurons
KW  - containing neurons
KW  - moth manduca sexta
KW  - head involution
KW  - mushroom bodies
KW  - biogenic amines
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130437
VL  - 7
IS  - 10
ER  -