TY - THES A1 - Ciba, Manuel T1 - Synchrony Measurement and Connectivity Estimation of Parallel Spike Trains from in vitro Neuronal Networks T1 - Messung der Synchronität und Abschätzung der Konnektivität von in-vitro Spike-Trains N2 - The goal of this doctoral thesis is to identify appropriate methods for the estimation of connectivity and for measuring synchrony between spike trains from in vitro neuronal networks. Special focus is set on the parameter optimization, the suitability for massively parallel spike trains, and the consideration of the characteristics of real recordings. Two new methods were developed in the course of the optimization which outperformed other methods from the literature. The first method “Total spiking probability edges” (TSPE) estimates the effective connectivity of two spike trains, based on the cross-correlation and a subsequent analysis of the cross-correlogram. In addition to the estimation of the synaptic weight, a distinction between excitatory and inhibitory connections is possible. Compared to other methods, simulated neuronal networks could be estimated with higher accuracy, while being suitable for the analysis of massively parallel spike trains. The second method “Spike-contrast” measures the synchrony of parallel spike trains with the advantage of automatically optimizing its time scale to the data. In contrast to other methods, which also adapt to the characteristics of the data, Spike-contrast is more robust to erroneous spike trains and significantly faster for large amounts of parallel spike trains. Moreover, a synchrony curve as a function of the time scale is generated by Spike-contrast. This optimization curve is a novel feature for the analysis of parallel spike trains. N2 - Ziel dieser Dissertation ist die Identifizierung geeigneter Methoden zur Schätzung der Konnektivität und zur Messung der Synchronität von in-vitro Spike-Trains. Besonderes Augenmerk wird dabei auf die Parameteroptimierung, die Eignung für große Mengen paralleler Spike-Trains und die Berücksichtigung der Charakteristik von realen Aufnahmen gelegt. Im Zuge der Optimierung wurden zwei neue Methoden entwickelt, die anderen Methoden aus der Literatur überlegen waren. Die erste Methode “Total spiking probability edges” (TSPE) schätzt die effektive Konnektivität zwischen zwei Spike-Trains basierend auf der Berechnung einer Kreuzkorrelation und einer anschließenden Analyse des Kreuzkorrelograms. Neben der Schätzung der synaptischen Ge- wichtung ist eine Unterscheidung zwischen exzitatorischen und inhibitorischen Verbindungen möglich. Im Vergleich zu anderen Methoden, konnten simulierte neuronale Netzwerke mit einer höheren Genauigkeit geschätzt werden. Zudem ist TSPE aufgrund der hohen Rechengeschwindigkeit für große Datenmengen geeignet. Die zweite Methode “Spike-contrast” misst die Synchronität paralleler Spike-Trains mit dem Vorteil, dass die Zeitskala automatisch an die Daten angepasst wird. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Methoden, welche sich ebenfalls an die Daten anpassen, ist Spike-contrast robuster gegenüber fehlerhaften Spike-Trains und schneller für große Datenmengen. Darüber hinaus berechnet Spike-Contrast eine Synchronitätskurve als Funktion der Zeitskala. Diese Kurve ist ein neuartiges Feature zur Analyse paralleler Spike-Trains. KW - Synchronitätsmessung KW - Konnektivitätsschätzung KW - microelectrode array KW - bicuculline KW - similarity KW - distance KW - correlation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223646 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Basset, Yves A1 - Cizek, Lukas A1 - Cuénoud, Philippe A1 - Didham, Raphael K. A1 - Novotny, Vojtech A1 - Ødegaard, Frode A1 - Roslin, Tomas A1 - Tishechkin, Alexey K. A1 - Schmidl, Jürgen A1 - Winchester, Neville N. A1 - Roubik, David W. A1 - Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre A1 - Bail, Johannes A1 - Barrios, Hector A1 - Bridle, Jonathan R. A1 - Castaño-Meneses, Gabriela A1 - Corbara, Bruno A1 - Curletti, Gianfranco A1 - da Rocha, Wesley Duarte A1 - De Bakker, Domir A1 - Delabie, Jacques H. C. A1 - Dejean, Alain A1 - Fagan, Laura L. A1 - Floren, Andreas A1 - Kitching, Roger L. A1 - Medianero, Enrique A1 - de Oliveira, Evandro Gama A1 - Orivel, Jerome A1 - Pollet, Marc A1 - Rapp, Mathieu A1 - Ribeiro, Servio P. A1 - Roisin, Yves A1 - Schmidt, Jesper B. A1 - Sørensen, Line A1 - Lewinsohn, Thomas M. A1 - Leponce, Maurice T1 - Arthropod Distribution in a Tropical Rainforest: Tackling a Four Dimensional Puzzle JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Quantifying the spatio-temporal distribution of arthropods in tropical rainforests represents a first step towards scrutinizing the global distribution of biodiversity on Earth. To date most studies have focused on narrow taxonomic groups or lack a design that allows partitioning of the components of diversity. Here, we consider an exceptionally large dataset (113,952 individuals representing 5,858 species), obtained from the San Lorenzo forest in Panama, where the phylogenetic breadth of arthropod taxa was surveyed using 14 protocols targeting the soil, litter, understory, lower and upper canopy habitats, replicated across seasons in 2003 and 2004. This dataset is used to explore the relative influence of horizontal, vertical and seasonal drivers of arthropod distribution in this forest. We considered arthropod abundance, observed and estimated species richness, additive decomposition of species richness, multiplicative partitioning of species diversity, variation in species composition, species turnover and guild structure as components of diversity. At the scale of our study (2km of distance, 40m in height and 400 days), the effects related to the vertical and seasonal dimensions were most important. Most adult arthropods were collected from the soil/litter or the upper canopy and species richness was highest in the canopy. We compared the distribution of arthropods and trees within our study system. Effects related to the seasonal dimension were stronger for arthropods than for trees. We conclude that: (1) models of beta diversity developed for tropical trees are unlikely to be applicable to tropical arthropods; (2) it is imperative that estimates of global biodiversity derived from mass collecting of arthropods in tropical rainforests embrace the strong vertical and seasonal partitioning observed here; and (3) given the high species turnover observed between seasons, global climate change may have severe consequences for rainforest arthropods. KW - trees KW - species richness KW - beta-diveristy KW - strategy KW - turnover KW - similarity KW - biodiversity KW - specialization KW - herbivorous insects KW - assemblages Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-136393 VL - 10 IS - 12 ER -