TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hruschka, Timon M. J.
A1  - Appel, Markus
T1  - Learning about informal fallacies and the detection of fake news: an experimental intervention
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - The philosophical concept of informal fallacies–arguments that fail to provide sufficient support for a claim–is introduced and connected to the topic of fake news detection. We assumed that the ability to identify informal fallacies can be trained and that this ability enables individuals to better distinguish between fake news and real news. We tested these assumptions in a two-group between-participants experiment (N = 116). The two groups participated in a 30-minute-long text-based learning intervention: either about informal fallacies or about fake news. Learning about informal fallacies enhanced participants’ ability to identify fallacious arguments one week later. Furthermore, the ability to identify fallacious arguments was associated with a better discernment between real news and fake news. Participants in the informal fallacy intervention group and the fake news intervention group performed equally well on the news discernment task. The contribution of (identifying) informal fallacies for research and practice is discussed.
KW  - learning
KW  - human learning
KW  - reasoning
KW  - social media
KW  - psychology
KW  - psychometrics
KW  - social psychology
KW  - statistical data
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350404
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Eder, Andreas B.
A1  - Rothermund, Klaus
A1  - De Houwer, Jan
T1  - Affective Compatibility between Stimuli and Response Goals: A Primer for a New Implicit Measure of Attitudes
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - We examined whether a voluntary response becomes associated with the (affective) meaning of intended response effects. Four experiments revealed that coupling a keypress with positive or negative consequences produces affective compatibility effects when the keypress has to be executed in response to positively or negatively evaluated stimulus categories. In Experiment 1, positive words were evaluated faster with a keypress that turned the words ON (versus OFF), whereas negative words were evaluated faster with a keypress that turned the words OFF (versus ON). Experiment 2 showed that this compatibility effect is reversed if an aversive tone is turned ON and OFF with keypresses. Experiment 3 revealed that keypresses acquire an affective meaning even when the association between the responses and their effects is variable and intentionally reconfigured before each trial. Experiment 4 used affective response effects to assess implicit ingroup favoritism, showing that the measure is sensitive to the valence of categories and not to the valence of exemplars. Results support the hypothesis that behavioral reactions become associated with the affective meaning of the intended response goal, which has important implications for the understanding and construction of implicit attitude measures.
KW  - German people
KW  - reaction time
KW  - non-verbal communication
KW  - social psychology
KW  - cognitive psychology
KW  - hands
KW  - priming (psychology)
KW  - social research
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-129872
VL  - 8
IS  - 11
ER  -