TY  - JOUR
A1  - Erlbeck, Helena
A1  - Kübler, Andrea
A1  - Kotchoubey, Boris
A1  - Veser, Sandra
T1  - Task instructions modulate the attentional mode affecting the auditory MMN and the semantic N400
JF  - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
N2  - Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been proven to be a useful tool to complement clinical assessment and to detect residual cognitive functions in patients with disorders of consciousness. These ERPs are of ten recorded using passive or unspecific instructions. Patient data obtained this way are then compared to data from healthy participants, which are usually recorded using active instructions. The present study investigates the effect of attentive modulations and particularly the effect of activevs. passive instruction on the ERP components mismatch negativity (MMN) and N400. A sample of 18 healthy participants listened to three auditory paradigms: anoddball, aword priming, and a sentence paradigm. Each paradigm was presented three times with different instructions: ignoring auditory stimuli, passive listening, and focused attention on the auditory stimuli. After each task, the participants indicated their subjective effort. The N400 decreased from the focused task to the passive task, and was extinct in the ignore task. The MMN exhibited higher amplitudes in the focused and passive task compared to the ignore task. The data indicate an effect of attention on the supratemporal component of the MMN. Subjective effort was equally high in the passive and focused tasks but reduced in the ignore task. We conclude that passive listening during EEG recording is stressful and attenuates ERPs, which renders the interpretation of the results obtained in such conditions difficult.
KW  - ERP
KW  - priming
KW  - selective attention
KW  - event-related potentials
KW  - vigilance decrement
KW  - brain potentials
KW  - vegetative state
KW  - consciousness
KW  - component
KW  - predicts recovery
KW  - mismatch negativity
KW  - attention
KW  - instruction
KW  - N400
KW  - MMN
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-115553
VL  - 8
IS  - 654
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Lut, Kateryna
A1  - Starenkova, Hanna
ED  - Lazebna, Nataliia
ED  - Kumar, Dinesh
T1  - The Relationship between Language, Culture, and Development of Society
T2  - Studies in Modern English
N2  - The paper analyses specific characteristics of language that influence the development of culture and societies. The problem of the connection between language and culture has occupied the minds of many famous scientists: some believe that language is a part of the culture as a whole; others think that language is only a form of cultural expression. Undoubtedly, language constitutes a vital component of the cultural background underlying social development. Language is an essential means of communication and interaction. However, language is at the same time sovereign about culture as a whole and can be separate from culture or compared to culture as an equal element (i.e., that language is neither a form nor a component of culture).
KW  - language
KW  - culture
KW  - expression
KW  - development
KW  - communication
KW  - interaction
KW  - component
KW  - social
KW  - connection
KW  - background
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-296484
PB  - Würzburg University Press
CY  - Würzburg
ER  -