TY - JOUR A1 - Riederer, Peter A1 - ter Meulen, Volker T1 - Coronaviruses: a challenge of today and a call for extended human postmortem brain analyses JF - Journal of Neural Transmission N2 - While there is abounding literature on virus-induced pathology in general and coronavirus in particular, recent evidence accumulates showing distinct and deleterious brain affection. As the respiratory tract connects to the brain without protection of the blood–brain barrier, SARS-CoV-2 might in the early invasive phase attack the cardiorespiratory centres located in the medulla/pons areas, giving rise to disturbances of respiration and cardiac problems. Furthermore, brainstem regions are at risk to lose their functional integrity. Therefore, long-term neurological as well as psychiatric symptomatology and eventual respective disorders cannot be excluded as evidenced from influenza-A triggered post-encephalitic Parkinsonism and HIV-1 triggered AIDS–dementia complex. From the available evidences for coronavirus-induced brain pathology, this review concludes a number of unmet needs for further research strategies like human postmortem brain analyses. SARS-CoV-2 mirroring experimental animal brain studies, characterization of time-dependent and region-dependent spreading behaviours of coronaviruses, enlightening of pathological mechanisms after coronavirus infection using long-term animal models and clinical observations of patients having had COVID-19 infection are calling to develop both protective strategies and drug discoveries to avoid early and late coronavirus-induced functional brain disturbances, symptoms and eventually disorders. To fight SARS-CoV-2, it is an urgent need to enforce clinical, molecular biological, neurochemical and genetic research including brain-related studies on a worldwide harmonized basis. KW - coronavirus KW - COVID-19 KW - SARS-CoV-2 brain disorders KW - cardiorespiratory centre KW - brain pathology KW - neurological symptoms/disorders KW - brain stem KW - Parkinson’s disease KW - Parkinsonism KW - Alzheimer’s disease KW - multiple sclerosis KW - movement disorders KW - neuroinvasion KW - therapy KW - neuroprotection KW - depression KW - cognitive dysfunction KW - brain bank KW - postmortem studies Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-314637 SN - 0300-9564 SN - 1435-1463 VL - 127 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werner, Rudolf A. A1 - Marcus, Charles A1 - Sheikhbahaei, Sara A1 - Solnes, Lilja B. A1 - Leal, Jeffrey P. A1 - Du, Yong A1 - Rowe, Steven P. A1 - Higuchi, Takahiro A1 - Buck, Andreas K. A1 - Lapa, Constantin A1 - Javadi, Mehrbod S. T1 - Visual and Semiquantitative Accuracy in Clinical Baseline 123I-Ioflupane SPECT/CT Imaging JF - Clinical Nuclear Medicine N2 - PURPOSE: We aimed to (a) elucidate the concordance of visual assessment of an initial I-ioflupane scan by a human interpreter with comparison to results using a fully automatic semiquantitative method and (b) to assess the accuracy compared to follow-up (f/u) diagnosis established by movement disorder specialists. METHODS: An initial I-ioflupane scan was performed in 382 patients with clinically uncertain Parkinsonian syndrome. An experienced reader performed a visual evaluation of all scans independently. The findings of the visual read were compared with semiquantitative evaluation. In addition, available f/u clinical diagnosis (serving as a reference standard) was compared with results of the human read and the software. RESULTS: When comparing the semiquantitative method with the visual assessment, discordance could be found in 25 (6.5%) of 382 of the cases for the experienced reader (ĸ = 0.868). The human observer indicated region of interest misalignment as the main reason for discordance. With neurology f/u serving as reference, the results of the reader revealed a slightly higher accuracy rate (87.7%, ĸ = 0.75) compared to semiquantification (86.2%, ĸ = 0.719, P < 0.001, respectively). No significant difference in the diagnostic performance of the visual read versus software-based assessment was found. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with a fully automatic semiquantitative method in I-ioflupane interpretation, human assessment obtained an almost perfect agreement rate. However, compared to clinical established diagnosis serving as a reference, visual read seemed to be slightly more accurate as a solely software-based quantitative assessment. KW - Single-Photon-Emissions-Computertomographie KW - SPECT KW - Parkinson’s disease KW - Parkinsonism KW - DaTscan KW - 123I-Ioflupane KW - SPECT KW - SPECT/CT Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168181 SN - 1536-0229 VL - 44 IS - 1 ER -