TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zinner, Christoph
A1  - Sperlich, Billy
A1  - Wahl, Patrick
A1  - Mester, Joachim
T1  - Classification of selected cardiopulmonary variables of elite athletes of different age, gender, and disciplines during incremental exercise testing
JF  - SpringerPlus
N2  - Incremental exercise testing is frequently used as a tool for evaluating determinants of endurance performance. The available reference values for the peak oxygen uptake \((VO_{2peak})\), % of \(VO_{2peak}\) , running speed at the lactate threshold \((v_{LT})\), running economy (RE), and maximal running speed \((v_{peak})\) for different age, gender, and disciplines are not sufficient for the elite athletic population. The key variables of 491 young athletes (age range 12–21 years; 250 males, 241 females) assessed during a running step test protocol \((2.4 m s^{−1} ; increase 0.4 m s^{−1}  5 min^{−1})\) were analysed in five subgroups, which were related to combat-, team-, endurance-, sprint- and power-, and racquet-related disciplines. Compared with female athletes, male athletes achieved a higher \(v_{peak}\) (P = 0.004). The body mass, lean body mass, height, abs. \(VO_{2peak} (ml min^{−1})\), rel. \(VO_{2peak} (ml kg^{−1}  min^{−1})\), rel. \(VO_{2peak} (ml min^{−1}  kg^{−0.75})\), and RE were higher in the male participants compared with the females (P < 0.01). The % of \(VO_2\) at \(v_{LT}\) was lower in the males compared with the females (P < 0.01). No differences between gender were detected for the \(v_{LT}\) (P = 0.17) and % of \(VO_2\) at \(v_{LT}\) (P = 0.42). This study is one of the first to provide a broad spectrum of data to classify nearly 500 elite athletes aged 12–21 years of both gender and different disciplines.
KW  - performance
KW  - data
KW  - competition
KW  - reference values
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126275
VL  - 4
IS  - 544
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Krause, Theresa
A1  - Fischer, Doris
T1  - Data as the new driver for growth? European and Chinese perspectives on the new factor of production
T1  - Sind Daten der neue Wachstumstreiber? Europäische und chinesische Perspektiven auf den neuen Produktionsfaktor
N2  - Amidst an emerging international systemic competition between China and the Western world, China’s sustained high economic growth rates, technological innovations and successful control of the corona pandemic have raised doubts over the West’s systemic capabilities. In this context, data resources and regimes play an increasing role.
This research note looks at data as present and future driver of innovation and economic growth in more detail. It compares the Chinese and the European perspective on data as well as their respective (planned) policy measures in order to draw tentative conclusions about their different approaches' implications.
T3  - CBE Research Note - 1/2021 
KW  - China
KW  - Europa
KW  - Wirtschaftspolitik
KW  - drivers of growth
KW  - China
KW  - data economics
KW  - European Union
KW  - growth
KW  - economic policy
KW  - data
KW  - Europe
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229794
ER  -