TY  - JOUR
A1  - Otieno, Mark
A1  - Karpati, Zsolt
A1  - Peters, Marcell K.
A1  - Duque, Laura
A1  - Schmitt, Thomas
A1  - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
T1  - Elevated ozone and carbon dioxide affects the composition of volatile organic compounds emitted by Vicia faba (L.) and visitation by European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta)
JF  - PLoS One
N2  - Recent studies link increased ozone (O\(_3\)) and carbon dioxide (CO\(_2\)) levels to alteration of plant performance and plant-herbivore interactions, but their interactive effects on plant-pollinator interactions are little understood. Extra floral nectaries (EFNs) are essential organs used by some plants for stimulating defense against herbivory and for the attraction of insect pollinators, e.g., bees. The factors driving the interactions between bees and plants regarding the visitation of bees to EFNs are poorly understood, especially in the face of global change driven by greenhouse gases. Here, we experimentally tested whether elevated levels of O\(_3\) and CO\(_2\) individually and interactively alter the emission of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) profiles in the field bean plant (Vicia faba, L., Fabaceae), EFN nectar production and EFN visitation by the European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta, Latreille, Megachilidae). Our results showed that O\(_3\) alone had significant negative effects on the blends of VOCs emitted while the treatment with elevated CO\(_2\) alone did not differ from the control. Furthermore, as with O\(_3\) alone, the mixture of O\(_3\) and CO\(_2\) also had a significant difference in the VOCs’ profile. O\(_3\) exposure was also linked to reduced nectar volume and had a negative impact on EFN visitation by bees. Increased CO\(_2\) level, on the other hand, had a positive impact on bee visits. Our results add to the knowledge of the interactive effects of O\(_3\) and CO\(_2\) on plant volatiles emitted by Vicia faba and bee responses. As greenhouse gas levels continue to rise globally, it is important to take these findings into consideration to better prepare for changes in plant-insect interactions.
KW  - Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
KW  - Vicia faba (L.)
KW  - European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta)
KW  - carbon dioxide (CO2)
KW  - ozone (O3)
KW  - bees
KW  - flowering plants
KW  - plant-insect interactions
KW  - flowers
KW  - plant physiology
KW  - plant-herbivore interactions
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350020
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
ER  -