TY  - JOUR
A1  - García-Martínez, Jorge
A1  - Brunk, Michael
A1  - Avalos, Javier
A1  - Terpitz, Ulrich
T1  - The CarO rhodopsin of the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi is a light-driven proton pump that retards spore germination
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Rhodopsins are membrane-embedded photoreceptors found in all major taxonomic kingdoms using retinal as their chromophore. They play well-known functions in different biological systems, but their roles in fungi remain unknown. The filamentous fungus Fusarium fujikuroi contains two putative rhodopsins, CarO and OpsA. The gene carO is light-regulated, and the predicted polypeptide contains all conserved residues required for proton pumping. We aimed to elucidate the expression and cellular location of the fungal rhodopsin CarO, its presumed proton-pumping activity and the possible effect of such function on F. fujikuroi growth. In electrophysiology experiments we confirmed that CarO is a green-light driven proton pump. Visualization of fluorescent CarO-YFP expressed in F. fujikuroi under control of its native promoter revealed higher accumulation in spores (conidia) produced by light-exposed mycelia. Germination analyses of conidia from carO\(^{-}\) mutant and carO\(^{+}\) control strains showed a faster development of light-exposed carO-germlings. In conclusion, CarO is an active proton pump, abundant in light-formed conidia, whose activity slows down early hyphal development under light. Interestingly, CarO-related rhodopsins are typically found in plant-associated fungi, where green light dominates the phyllosphere. Our data provide the first reliable clue on a possible biological role of a fungal rhodopsin.
KW  - microbial rhodopsins
KW  - intracellular pH
KW  - membrane proteins
KW  - mutants
KW  - virulence
KW  - channelrhodopsin-2
KW  - growth
KW  - gene
KW  - expression
KW  - bacteriorhodopsin
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149049
VL  - 5
IS  - 7798
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dandekar, Thomas
A1  - Fieselmann, Astrid
A1  - Fischer, Eva
A1  - Popp, Jasmin
A1  - Hensel, Michael
A1  - Noster, Janina
T1  - Salmonella - how a metabolic generalist adopts an intracellular lifestyle during infection
JF  - Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
N2  - The human-pathogenic bacterium Salmonella enterica adjusts and adapts to different environments while attempting colonization. In the course of infection nutrient availabilities change drastically. New techniques, "-omics" data and subsequent integration by systems biology improve our understanding of these changes. We review changes in metabolism focusing on amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, the adaptation process is associated with the activation of genes of the Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs). Anti-infective strategies have to take these insights into account and include metabolic and other strategies. Salmonella infections will remain a challenge for infection biology.
KW  - enterica serovar Typhimurium
KW  - bacterial invasion
KW  - mouse model
KW  - defenses
KW  - regulation
KW  - "-omics"
KW  - virulence
KW  - Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV)
KW  - metabolism
KW  - nitric oxide
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-149029
VL  - 4
IS  - 191
ER  -