TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Klaus A1 - Hameister, Horst A1 - Gessler, Manfred A1 - Grzeschik, Karl-Heinz A1 - Hansen-Hagge, Thomas E. A1 - Bartram, Claus R. T1 - Confirmation of the localization of the human recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) to chromosome 11p13 N2 - The human recombination activating gene 1 (RAGl) has previously been mapped to chromosomes 14q and 11 p. Here we confirm the chromosome 11 assignment by two independent approaches: autoradiographic and fluorescence in situ hybridization to metaphase spreads and analysis of human-hamster somatic cell hybrid DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting. Our results unequivocally localize RAG1 to llp13. KW - Biochemie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59136 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwartz, Faina A1 - Neve, Rachel A1 - Eisenman, Robert A1 - Gessler, Manfred A1 - Bruns, Gail T1 - A WAGR region gene between PAX-6 and FSHB expressed in fetal brain N2 - Developmental delay or mental retardation is a frequent component of multi-system anomaly syndromes associated with chromosomal deletions. Isolation of genes involved in the mental dysfunction in these disorders should define loci important in brain formation or function. We have identified a highly conserved locus in the distal part of 11 p 13 that is prominently expressed in fetal brain. Minimal expression is observed in a number of other fetal tissues. The gene maps distal to PAX-6 but proximal to the loci for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone (FSHB), within a region previously implicated in the mental retardation component of some WAGR syndrome patients. Within fetal brain, the corresponding transcript is prominent in frontal, motor and primary visual cortex as weil as in the caudate-putamen. The characteristics of this gene, including the striking evolutionary conservation at the locus, suggest that the encoded protein may function in brain development. KW - Biochemie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-59125 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schartl, A. A1 - Dimitrijevic, N. A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - Evolutionary origin and molecular biology of the melanoma-inducing oncogene of Xiphophorus N2 - No abstract available KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61954 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gotz, R. A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - The conservation of neurotrophic factors during vertebrate evolution N2 - No abstract available KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61964 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lubjuhn, T. A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Epplen, J. T. T1 - Methodik und Anwendungsgebiete des genetischen Fingerabdruckverfahrens N2 - No abstract available KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61978 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fiala, Brigitte A1 - Federle, W. A1 - Maschwitz, U. A1 - Azarae, Idris T1 - The first myrmecophytic 2-partner-system in the genus Macaranga: The association between Macaranga puncticulata and a Componotus (Colobopsis) in Malaysia N2 - No abstract available KW - Biologie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-55144 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blackenhorn, Wolf U. A1 - Perner, Dirk T1 - Heritability and repeatability of behavioural attributes affecting foraging success and fitness in water striders N2 - Heritabilities and repeatabilities are presented for various behavioural attributes affecting foraging performance and fitness in Aquarius (Gerris) remigis (Heteroptera: Gerridae) females. These behavioural attributes were patch choice, foraging success, capture accuracy, and measures of mobility, activity, skittishness and aggressiveness. Most heritabilities were not significantly different from zero, which may be related to the low sampIe size. Conclusions as to the potential of direct selection on behaviour in this species were consequently limited. In contrast, with a few exceptions (capture accuracy, foraging success), most repeatabilities were significant and at times high (range=O'22-O'79), indicating consistent, stereotypical individual behaviour. Tbe Iife history or reproductive state of the daughter generation individuals signifieantly affected the magnitude of the repeatabilities as weil as the mean values of many of the variables (notably mobility and aggressiveness), the latter in a manner consistent with field observations. This indicates that the state of the organism affects the general environmental variance, thus contributing to the discrepancies between the repeatabilities and the heritabilities obtained. It is suggested that common physiological proeesses (e.g. hormones) may underlie several of the behavioural attributes examined, resulting in possible pleiotropie effects and eonstraints on selection in a heterogeneous environment. It is further suggested that field studies of selection on behavioural attributes may be a more fruitful approach in this species, whose suitability for genetic analysis is limited. KW - Teichläufer KW - Wasserläufer KW - water strider Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-52496 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, T. A1 - Dieckmann, T. A1 - Sebald, Walter A1 - Oschkinat, H. T1 - Aspects of receptor binding and signalling of interleukin-4 investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and NMR spectroscopy N2 - Cytokines are hormones that carry information from ceJI to ceH. This information is read from their surface upon binding to transmembrane receptors and by the subsequent initiation of receptor oligomerization. An inftuence on this process through mutagenesis on the hormone surface is highly desirab)e for medical reasons. However, an understanding of hormone-receptor interactions requires insight into the structural changes introduced by the mutations. In this line structural studies on human TL-4 and the medically important IL-4 antagonists YI24D and Y124G are presented. The site a.round YI24 is an important epitope responsible for the a.bility of 11-4 t.o ca.use a signal in the target cells. It is shown that the local main-chain structure around residue 124 in the variants remains unchanged. A strategy is presented here which allows the study of these types of proteins and their variants by NMR which does not require carbon Iabeiied sa.mples. KW - Biochemie KW - Interleukin-4 KW - protein structure KW - NMR KW - signal transduction Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62444 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Müller, T. A1 - Sebald, Walter A1 - Oschkinat, H. T1 - Antagonist design through forced electrostatic mismatch N2 - No abstract available KW - Biochemie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62408 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reusch, P. A1 - Arnold, S. A1 - Heusser, C. A1 - Wagner, K. A1 - Weston, B. A1 - Sebald, Walter T1 - Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies define two different functional sites in human interleukin-4 N2 - Human interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a small four-helix-bundle protein which is essential for organizing defense reactions against macroparasites, in particular helminths. Human IL-4 also appears to exert a pathophysiological role during various IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Seven different monoclonal antibodies neutralizing the activity of human IL-4 were studied in order to identify functionally important epitopes. A collection of 41 purified IL-4 variants was used to analyse how defined amino acid replacements affect binding affinity for each individual mAb. Specific amino acid positions could be assigned to four different epitopes. mAbs recognizing epitopes on helix A and/or C interfered with IL-4 receptor binding and thus inhibited IL-4 function. However, other mAbs also inhibiting IL-4 function recognized an epitope on helix D of IL-4 and did not inhibit IL-4 binding to the receptor protein. One mAb, recognizing N-terminal and C-terminal residues, partially competed for binding to the receptor. The results of these mAb epitope analyses confirm and extend previous data on the functional consequences of the amino acid replacements which showed that amino acid residues in helices A and C of IL-4 provide a binding site for the cloned IL-4 receptor and that a signalling site in helix D interacts with a further receptor protein. KW - Biochemie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62418 ER -