TY - JOUR A1 - Ziegler, Georg C. A1 - Ehlis, Ann-Christine A1 - Weber, Heike A1 - Vitale, Maria Rosaria A1 - Zöller, Johanna E. M. A1 - Ku, Hsing-Ping A1 - Schiele, Miriam A. A1 - Kürbitz, Laura I. A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Pauli, Paul A1 - Kalisch, Raffael A1 - Zwanzger, Peter A1 - Domschke, Katharina A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas J. A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter T1 - A Common CDH13 Variant is Associated with Low Agreeableness and Neural Responses to Working Memory Tasks in ADHD JF - Genes N2 - The cell—cell signaling gene CDH13 is associated with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and major depression. CDH13 regulates axonal outgrowth and synapse formation, substantiating its relevance for neurodevelopmental processes. Several studies support the influence of CDH13 on personality traits, behavior, and executive functions. However, evidence for functional effects of common gene variation in the CDH13 gene in humans is sparse. Therefore, we tested for association of a functional intronic CDH13 SNP rs2199430 with ADHD in a sample of 998 adult patients and 884 healthy controls. The Big Five personality traits were assessed by the NEO-PI-R questionnaire. Assuming that altered neural correlates of working memory and cognitive response inhibition show genotype-dependent alterations, task performance and electroencephalographic event-related potentials were measured by n-back and continuous performance (Go/NoGo) tasks. The rs2199430 genotype was not associated with adult ADHD on the categorical diagnosis level. However, rs2199430 was significantly associated with agreeableness, with minor G allele homozygotes scoring lower than A allele carriers. Whereas task performance was not affected by genotype, a significant heterosis effect limited to the ADHD group was identified for the n-back task. Heterozygotes (AG) exhibited significantly higher N200 amplitudes during both the 1-back and 2-back condition in the central electrode position Cz. Consequently, the common genetic variation of CDH13 is associated with personality traits and impacts neural processing during working memory tasks. Thus, CDH13 might contribute to symptomatic core dysfunctions of social and cognitive impairment in ADHD. KW - ADHD KW - CDH13 KW - neurodevelopment KW - executive functions KW - working memory KW - Big Five KW - agreeableness Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245220 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 12 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziegler, Mirjam A1 - Kaiser, Anna A1 - Igel, Christine A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Mechler, Konstantin A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Döpfner, Manfred A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Hohmann, Sarah A1 - Millenet, Sabina A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias T1 - Actigraphy-derived sleep profiles of children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) over two weeks — comparison, precursor symptoms, and the chronotype JF - Brain Sciences N2 - Although sleep problems are common in children with ADHD, their extent, preceding risk factors, and the association between neurocognitive performance and neurobiological processes in sleep and ADHD, are still largely unknown. We examined sleep variables in school-aged children with ADHD, addressing their intra-individual variability (IIV) and considering potential precursor symptoms as well as the chronotype. Additionally, in a subgroup of our sample, we investigated associations with neurobehavioral functioning (n = 44). A total of 57 children (6–12 years) with (n = 24) and without ADHD (n = 33) were recruited in one center of the large ESCAlife study to wear actigraphs for two weeks. Actigraphy-derived dependent variables, including IIV, were analyzed using linear mixed models in order to find differences between the groups. A stepwise regression model was used to investigate neuropsychological function. Overall, children with ADHD showed longer sleep onset latency (SOL), higher IIV in SOL, more movements during sleep, lower sleep efficiency, and a slightly larger sleep deficit on school days compared with free days. No group differences were observed for chronotype or sleep onset time. Sleep problems in infancy predicted later SOL and the total number of movements during sleep in children with and without ADHD. No additional effect of sleep problems, beyond ADHD symptom severity, on neuropsychological functioning was found. This study highlights the importance of screening children with ADHD for current and early childhood sleep disturbances in order to prevent long-term sleep problems and offer individualized treatments. Future studies with larger sample sizes should examine possible biological markers to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. KW - sleep KW - actigraphy KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) KW - intra-individual variability (IIV) KW - chronotype KW - children KW - continuous performance task (CPT) KW - precursor symptoms KW - ESCAlife Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250084 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 11 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fuhrmann, Saskia A1 - Tesch, Falko A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Abraham, Susanne A1 - Schmitt, Jochen T1 - ADHD in school‐age children is related to infant exposure to systemic H1‐antihistamines JF - Allergy KW - atopic dermatitis KW - histamine KW - pediatrics Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-215982 VL - 75 IS - 11 SP - 2956 EP - 2957 ER - TY - THES A1 - Romanos, Marcel T1 - Bestimmung des Sprache/Rauschen-Verhältnisses für den HSM-Satztest mit CCITT-Störlärm, angeboten im freien Schallfeld mit zwei Lautsprechern, mit Auszählen durch einen Beobachter und Vergleich mit der eigenen Einschätzung der geprüften Person für 55 bis 65jährige Probanden T1 - speech to noise level for the HSM-speech-test with CCITT-noise for 55 to 65-year-olds N2 - An 25 Probanden im Alter zwischen 55 und 65 Jahren wurde der HSM-Satztest mit CCITT-Rauschen als Störsignal im Freifeld in der Camera Silens der HNO-Klinik Würzburg durchgeführt. Die fortlaufende subjektive Einschätzung ihrer Hörleistung beeinflusste im Verlauf des Tests den Signal/Rausch-Abstand, dessen Wert sich der 50%igen Sprachverständnisschwelle annähern sollte. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, diesen Zusammenhang zu überprüfen sowie signifikante Unterschiede im Diskriminationsvermögen der presbyakuten Probanden im Vergleich zu den Normalhörenden der Arbeit von Wegener nachzuweisen. Trotz der Vielzahl der beeinflussenden Faktoren auf das Sprachverständnis stimmten die gemessenen Daten gut mit den Erwartungswerten überein und das Modell erwies sich als sehr aussagekräftig. Des weiteren konnte der erwartete Diskriminationsverlust gegenüber der normalhörenden Gruppe beobachtet werden ebenso wie ein beschriebener Diskriminationsverlust für kontextarme kurze Sätze. Langfristig bietet sich die untersuchte Methodik als standardisierbarer und in hohem Masse durch Computerunterstützung automatisierbarer Sprachtest an, der erfolgreich in der Hörgeräteanpassung Verwendung finden könnte. Weitere, dieses Ziel verfolgende Studien sind bereits aufgenommen worden. N2 - 25 people at the age of 55 to 65 years were tested in free field by means of the HSM-speech-test with CCITT-noise. Their continuous self-estimate of their performance of speech perception within 4 asymetric categories modified the speech to noise ratio of the test, thus resulting in the 50% speech reception threshold. By introducing an independent observer this relationship was examined. Furthermore the results were compared to the results of an analogue work of Wegener testing 25-year-olds. The used method proved capable of determining the speech reception threshold and made the expected differences in the performance of the older test subjects compared to the younger ones become visible. Further studies are necessary to establish an adequate test for use in the adjustment of hearing aids. KW - Sprachaudiometrie KW - Sprache-Rauschen-Verhältnis KW - HSM-Satztest KW - Presbyakusis KW - speech audiometry KW - speech-noise-level KW - HSM-test KW - presbycusis Y1 - 2003 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-8267 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Härtel, Christoph A1 - Spiegler, Juliane A1 - Fortmann, Ingmar A1 - Astiz, Mariana A1 - Oster, Henrik A1 - Siller, Bastian A1 - Viemann, Dorothee A1 - Keil, Thomas A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Herting, Egbert A1 - Göpel, Wolfgang T1 - Breastfeeding for 3 months or longer but not probiotics is associated with reduced risk for inattention/hyperactivity and conduct problems in very-low-birth-weight children at early primary school age JF - Nutrients N2 - (1) Background: We aimed to evaluate the effect of proposed “microbiome-stabilising interventions”, i.e., breastfeeding for ≥3 months and prophylactic use of Lactobacillus acidophilus/ Bifidobacterium infantis probiotics on neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes of very-low-birthweight (VLBW) children aged 5–6 years. (2) Methods: We performed a 5-year-follow-up assessment including a strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and an intelligence quotient (IQ) assessment using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)-III test in preterm children previously enrolled in the German Neonatal Network (GNN). The analysis was restricted to children exposed to antenatal corticosteroids and postnatal antibiotics. (3) Results: 2467 primary school-aged children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In multivariable linear regression models breastfeeding ≥3 months was associated with lower conduct disorders (B (95% confidence intervals (CI)): −0.25 (−0.47 to −0.03)) and inattention/hyperactivity (−0.46 (−0.81 to −0.10)) as measured by SDQ. Probiotic treatment during the neonatal period had no effect on SDQ scores or intelligence. (4) Conclusions: Prolonged breastfeeding of highly vulnerable infants may promote their mental health later in childhood, particularly by reducing risk for inattention/hyperactivity and conduct disorders. Future studies need to disentangle the underlying mechanisms during a critical time frame of development. KW - breastfeeding KW - probiotic prophylaxis KW - preterm children KW - strength and difficulties KW - inattention/hyperactivity KW - intelligence Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216319 SN - 2072-6643 VL - 12 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Beierle, Felix A1 - Schobel, Johannes A1 - Vogel, Carsten A1 - Allgaier, Johannes A1 - Mulansky, Lena A1 - Haug, Fabian A1 - Haug, Julian A1 - Schlee, Winfried A1 - Holfelder, Marc A1 - Stach, Michael A1 - Schickler, Marc A1 - Baumeister, Harald A1 - Cohrdes, Caroline A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Deserno, Lorenz A1 - Edler, Johanna-Sophie A1 - Eichner, Felizitas A. A1 - Greger, Helmut A1 - Hein, Grit A1 - Heuschmann, Peter A1 - John, Dennis A1 - Kestler, Hans A. A1 - Krefting, Dagmar A1 - Langguth, Berthold A1 - Meybohm, Patrick A1 - Probst, Thomas A1 - Reichert, Manfred A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Störk, Stefan A1 - Terhorst, Yannik A1 - Weiß, Martin A1 - Pryss, Rüdiger T1 - Corona Health — A Study- and Sensor-Based Mobile App Platform Exploring Aspects of the COVID-19 Pandemic JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Physical and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic is typically assessed via surveys, which might make it difficult to conduct longitudinal studies and might lead to data suffering from recall bias. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) driven smartphone apps can help alleviate such issues, allowing for in situ recordings. Implementing such an app is not trivial, necessitates strict regulatory and legal requirements, and requires short development cycles to appropriately react to abrupt changes in the pandemic. Based on an existing app framework, we developed Corona Health, an app that serves as a platform for deploying questionnaire-based studies in combination with recordings of mobile sensors. In this paper, we present the technical details of Corona Health and provide first insights into the collected data. Through collaborative efforts from experts from public health, medicine, psychology, and computer science, we released Corona Health publicly on Google Play and the Apple App Store (in July 2020) in eight languages and attracted 7290 installations so far. Currently, five studies related to physical and mental well-being are deployed and 17,241 questionnaires have been filled out. Corona Health proves to be a viable tool for conducting research related to the COVID-19 pandemic and can serve as a blueprint for future EMA-based studies. The data we collected will substantially improve our knowledge on mental and physical health states, traits and trajectories as well as its risk and protective factors over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and its diverse prevention measures. KW - mobile health KW - ecological momentary assessment KW - digital phenotyping KW - longitudinal studies KW - mobile crowdsensing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242658 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 18 IS - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vloet, Timo D. A1 - Feteke, Stefanie A1 - Gerlach, Manfred A1 - Romanos, Marcel T1 - Das pharmakologische Management kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer Notfälle : Evidenz und Qualitätssicherung JF - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie N2 - Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Notfälle sind häufig und stellen die beteiligten Ärztinnen und Ärzte vor besondere Herausforderungen, da eine erhebliche Gefahr für die Patient_innen oder Dritte unter Anwendung möglichst wenig invasiver Mittel abzuwenden ist. In diesem Kontext werden neben haltgebenden, deeskalierenden und psychotherapeutischen Optionen häufig auch pharmakologische Interventionen eingesetzt. Da ein Mangel an systematisch erhobenen Daten besteht, findet die pharmakologische Notfallbehandlung in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie regelhaft im off-label-Bereich statt. Vor dem Hintergrund der komplexen klinischen und rechtlichen Anforderungen an die Ärztinnen und Ärzte werden im vorliegenden Artikel praxisrelevante Hinweise insbesondere zum pharmakologischen Management von in der Praxis häufig auftretenden kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Notfällen wie akuter Suizidalität, akut psychotischem Erleben, Delir und Bewusstseinsstörungen sowie akuter Intoxikation und Alkoholentzugssyndrom gegeben. Weiterhin werden Maßnahmen zur Qualitätssicherung und Arzneimittelsicherheit diskutiert. N2 - Emergencies in child and adolescent psychiatry are highly prevalent and often pose significant challenges to physicians, since substantial danger to the patient or others must be avoided through the application of largely moderate interventions. Besides using de-escalating strategies and exploiting psychotherapeutic options, the physician frequently employs psychopharmacological interventions. because of a lack of systematically assessed data, however, in emergencies in child and adolescent psychiatry most administrations of psychotropic drugs occur “off label.“ This review deduces practice-relevant recommendations for the pharmacological management of occurring child and adolescent emergencies such as acute suicidality, acute psychotic episodes, delirium, disorders of consciousness, acute intoxication, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. We discuss the issue of quality and safety in pharmacological emergency strategies. T2 - The pharmacological management of emergencies in child and adolescent psychiatry KW - Psychiatrischer Notfall KW - Qualitätssicherung KW - Pharmakotherapie KW - Kinder und Jugendliche KW - TDM KW - psychiatric emergencies KW - quality assurance KW - pharmacotherapy KW - child and adolescent KW - TDM Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280982 SN - 1422-4917 SN - 1664-2880 VL - 50 IS - 4 SP - 262-274 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schiele, Miriam A. A1 - Reinhard, Julia A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Domschke, Katharina A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Pauli, Paul T1 - Developmental aspects of fear: Comparing the acquisition and generalization of conditioned fear in children and adults JF - Developmental Psychobiology N2 - Most research on human fear conditioning and its generalization has focused on adults whereas only little is known about these processes in children. Direct comparisons between child and adult populations are needed to determine developmental risk markers of fear and anxiety. We compared 267 children and 285 adults in a differential fear conditioning paradigm and generalization test. Skin conductance responses (SCR) and ratings of valence and arousal were obtained to indicate fear learning. Both groups displayed robust and similar differential conditioning on subjective and physiological levels. However, children showed heightened fear generalization compared to adults as indexed by higher arousal ratings and SCR to the generalization stimuli. Results indicate overgeneralization of conditioned fear as a developmental correlate of fear learning. The developmental change from a shallow to a steeper generalization gradient is likely related to the maturation of brain structures that modulate efficient discrimination between danger and (ambiguous) safety cues. KW - fear conditioning KW - fear generalization KW - development KW - skin conductance KW - maturation Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189488 VL - 58 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hebestreit, Helge A1 - Zeidler, Cornelia A1 - Schippers, Christopher A1 - de Zwaan, Martina A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Heuschmann, Peter A1 - Krauth, Christian A1 - Bullinger, Monika A1 - Berger, Alexandra A1 - Berneburg, Mark A1 - Brandstetter, Lilly A1 - Deibele, Anna A1 - Dieris-Hirche, Jan A1 - Graessner, Holm A1 - Gündel, Harald A1 - Herpertz, Stephan A1 - Heuft, Gereon A1 - Lapstich, Anne-Marie A1 - Lücke, Thomas A1 - Maisch, Tim A1 - Mundlos, Christine A1 - Petermann-Meyer, Andrea A1 - Müller, Susanne A1 - Ott, Stephan A1 - Pfister, Lisa A1 - Quitmann, Julia A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Rutsch, Frank A1 - Schaubert, Kristina A1 - Schubert, Katharina A1 - Schulz, Jörg B. A1 - Schweiger, Susann A1 - Tüscher, Oliver A1 - Ungethüm, Kathrin A1 - Wagner, Thomas O. F. A1 - Haas, Kirsten T1 - Dual guidance structure for evaluation of patients with unclear diagnosis in centers for rare diseases (ZSE-DUO): study protocol for a controlled multi-center cohort study JF - Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases N2 - Background In individuals suffering from a rare disease the diagnostic process and the confirmation of a final diagnosis often extends over many years. Factors contributing to delayed diagnosis include health care professionals' limited knowledge of rare diseases and frequent (co-)occurrence of mental disorders that may complicate and delay the diagnostic process. The ZSE-DUO study aims to assess the benefits of a combination of a physician focusing on somatic aspects with a mental health expert working side by side as a tandem in the diagnostic process. Study design This multi-center, prospective controlled study has a two-phase cohort design. Methods Two cohorts of 682 patients each are sequentially recruited from 11 university-based German Centers for Rare Diseases (CRD): the standard care cohort (control, somatic expertise only) and the innovative care cohort (experimental, combined somatic and mental health expertise). Individuals aged 12 years and older presenting with symptoms and signs which are not explained by current diagnoses will be included. Data will be collected prior to the first visit to the CRD’s outpatient clinic (T0), at the first visit (T1) and 12 months thereafter (T2). Outcomes Primary outcome is the percentage of patients with one or more confirmed diagnoses covering the symptomatic spectrum presented. Sample size is calculated to detect a 10 percent increase from 30% in standard care to 40% in the innovative dual expert cohort. Secondary outcomes are (a) time to diagnosis/diagnoses explaining the symptomatology; (b) proportion of patients successfully referred from CRD to standard care; (c) costs of diagnosis including incremental cost effectiveness ratios; (d) predictive value of screening instruments administered at T0 to identify patients with mental disorders; (e) patients’ quality of life and evaluation of care; and f) physicians’ satisfaction with the innovative care approach. Conclusions This is the first multi-center study to investigate the effects of a mental health specialist working in tandem with a somatic expert physician in CRDs. If this innovative approach proves successful, it will be made available on a larger scale nationally and promoted internationally. In the best case, ZSE-DUO can significantly shorten the time to diagnosis for a suspected rare disease. KW - rare diseases KW - multi‑center cohort study KW - dual guidance Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300440 VL - 17 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buerger, Arne A1 - Emser, Theresa A1 - Seidel, Alexandra A1 - Scheiner, Christin A1 - von Schoenfeld, Cornelia A1 - Ruecker, Viktoria A1 - Heuschmann, Peter U. A1 - Romanos, Marcel T1 - DUDE - a universal prevention program for non-suicidal self-injurious behavior in adolescence based on effective emotion regulation: study protocol of a cluster-randomized controlled trial JF - Trials N2 - Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become a substantial public health problem. NSSI is a high-risk marker for the development and persistence of mental health problems, shows high rates of morbidity and mortality, and causes substantial health care costs. Thus, there is an urgent need for action to develop universal prevention programs for NSSI before adolescents begin to show this dangerous behavior. Currently, however, universal prevention programs are lacking. Methods The main objective of the present study is to evaluate a newly developed universal prevention program (“DUDE – Du und deine Emotionen / You and your emotions”), based on a skills-based approach in schools, in 3200 young adolescents (age 11–14 years). The effectiveness of DUDE will be investigated in a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) in schools (N = 16). All groups will receive a minimal intervention called “Stress-free through the school day” as a mental health literacy program to prevent burnout in school. The treatment group (N = 1600; 8 schools) will additionally undergo the universal prevention program DUDE and will be divided into treatment group 1 (DUDE conducted by trained clinical psychologists; N = 800; 4 schools) and treatment group 2 (DUDE conducted by trained teachers; N = 800; 4 schools). The active control group (N = 1600; 8 schools) will only receive the mental health literacy prevention. Besides baseline assessment (T0), measurements will occur at the end of the treatment (T1) and at 6- (T2) and 12-month (T3) follow-up evaluations. The main outcome is the occurrence of NSSI within the last 6 months assessed by a short version of the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI-9) at the 1-year follow-up (primary endpoint; T3). Secondary outcomes are emotion regulation, suicidality, health-related quality of life, self-esteem, and comorbid psychopathology and willingness to change. Discussion DUDE is tailored to diminish the incidence of NSSI and to prevent its possible long-term consequences (e.g., suicidality) in adolescents. It is easy to access in the school environment. Furthermore, DUDE is a comprehensive approach to improve mental health via improved emotion regulation. KW - universal prevention KW - NSSI KW - self-injury KW - emotion regulation KW - RCT KW - school-based prevention KW - adolescence Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265874 VL - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Anna A1 - Aggensteiner, Pascal-M. A1 - Holtmann, Martin A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Abenova, Karina A1 - Alm, Barbara A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Döpfner, Manfred A1 - Ethofer, Thomas A1 - Freitag, Christine M. A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Hebebrand, Johannes A1 - Huss, Michael A1 - Jans, Thomas A1 - Jendreizik, Lea Teresa A1 - Ketter, Johanna A1 - Legenbauer, Tanja A1 - Philipsen, Alexandra A1 - Poustka, Luise A1 - Renner, Tobias A1 - Retz, Wolfgang A1 - Rösler, Michael A1 - Thome, Johannes A1 - Uebel-von Sandersleben, Henrik A1 - von Wirth, Elena A1 - Zinnow, Toivo A1 - Hohmann, Sarah A1 - Millenet, Sabina A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel T1 - EEG data quality: determinants and impact in a multicenter study of children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) JF - Brain Sciences N2 - Electroencephalography (EEG) represents a widely established method for assessing altered and typically developing brain function. However, systematic studies on EEG data quality, its correlates, and consequences are scarce. To address this research gap, the current study focused on the percentage of artifact-free segments after standard EEG pre-processing as a data quality index. We analyzed participant-related and methodological influences, and validity by replicating landmark EEG effects. Further, effects of data quality on spectral power analyses beyond participant-related characteristics were explored. EEG data from a multicenter ADHD-cohort (age range 6 to 45 years), and a non-ADHD school-age control group were analyzed (n\(_{total}\) = 305). Resting-state data during eyes open, and eyes closed conditions, and task-related data during a cued Continuous Performance Task (CPT) were collected. After pre-processing, general linear models, and stepwise regression models were fitted to the data. We found that EEG data quality was strongly related to demographic characteristics, but not to methodological factors. We were able to replicate maturational, task, and ADHD effects reported in the EEG literature, establishing a link with EEG-landmark effects. Furthermore, we showed that poor data quality significantly increases spectral power beyond effects of maturation and symptom severity. Taken together, the current results indicate that with a careful design and systematic quality control, informative large-scale multicenter trials characterizing neurophysiological mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan are feasible. Nevertheless, results are restricted to the limitations reported. Future work will clarify predictive value. KW - electroencephalography (EEG) KW - data quality KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) KW - artifacts KW - multicenter study Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228788 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 11 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mittermeier, Sabrina A1 - Seidel, Alexandra A1 - Scheiner, Christin A1 - Kleindienst, Nikolaus A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Buerger, Arne T1 - Emotional dysregulation and its pathways to suicidality in a community-based sample of adolescents JF - Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health N2 - Objective Effective suicide prevention for adolescents is urgently needed but difficult, as suicide models lack a focus on age-specific influencing factors such as emotional dysregulation. Moreover, examined predictors often do not specifically consider the contribution to the severity of suicidality. To determine which adolescents are at high risk of more severe suicidality, we examined the association between emotional dysregulation and severity of suicidality directly as well as indirectly via depressiveness and nonsuicidal self-injury. Method Adolescents from 18 high schools in Bavaria were included in this cross-sectional and questionnaire-based study as part of a larger prevention study. Data were collected between November 2021 and March 2022 and were analyzed from January 2023 to April 2023. Students in the 6th or 7th grade of high school (11–14 years) were eligible to participate. A total of 2350 adolescents were surveyed and data from 2117 students were used for the analyses after excluding incomplete data sets. Our main outcome variable was severity of suicidality (Paykel Suicide Scale, PSS). Additionally, we assessed emotional dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS-SF), depressiveness (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) and nonsuicidal self-injury (Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, DSHI). Results In total, 2117 adolescents (51.6% female; mean age, 12.31 years [standard deviation: 0.67]) were included in the structural equation model (SEM). Due to a clear gender-specific influence, the model was calculated separately for male and female adolescents. For male adolescents, there was a significant indirect association between emotional dysregulation and severity of suicidality, mediated by depressiveness (β = 0.15, SE = .03, p = .008). For female adolescents, there was a significant direct path from emotional dysregulation to severity of suicidality and also indirect paths via depressiveness (β = 0.12, SE = .05, p = 0.02) and NSSI (β = 0.18, SE = .04, p < .001). Conclusions Our results suggest that gender-related risk markers in 11–14-year-olds need to be included in future suicide models to increase their predictive power. According to our findings, early detection and prevention interventions based on emotion regulation skills might be enhanced by including gender-specific adjustments for the co-occurrence of emotional dysregulation, depressiveness, and nonsuicidal self-injury in girls and the co-occurrence of emotional dysregulation and depressiveness in boys. KW - suicidality KW - emotional dysregulation KW - adolescents KW - nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) KW - depressiveness Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357501 SN - 1753-2000 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Melfsen, Siebke A1 - Jans, Thomas A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Walitza, Susanne T1 - Family relationships in selective mutism — a comparison group study of children and adolescents JF - Children N2 - Selective mutism (SM) mostly develops early in childhood and this has led to interest into whether there could be differences in relationships in families with SM compared to a control group without SM. Currently, there are merely few empirical studies examining family relationships in SM. A sample of 28 children and adolescents with SM was compared to 33 controls without SM. The groups were investigated using self-report questionnaires (Selective Mutism Questionnaire, Child-Parent Relationship Test—Child Version) for the assessment of SM and family relationships. Children with SM did not report a significantly different relationship to their mothers compared with the control group without SM. However, the scores in respect to the relationship to their fathers were significantly lower in cohesion, identification and autonomy compared with children without SM. Relationships in families with SM should be considered more in therapy. KW - selective mutism KW - family relations KW - parents KW - schoolchildren Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290386 SN - 2227-9067 VL - 9 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Akhrif, Atae A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Domschke, Katharina A1 - Schmitt-Boehrer, Angelika A1 - Neufang, Susanne T1 - Fractal Analysis of BOLD Time Series in a Network Associated With Waiting Impulsivity JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Fractal phenomena can be found in numerous scientific areas including neuroscience. Fractals are structures, in which the whole has the same shape as its parts. A specific structure known as pink noise (also called fractal or 1/f noise) is one key fractal manifestation, exhibits both stability and adaptability, and can be addressed via the Hurst exponent (H). FMRI studies using H on regional fMRI time courses used fractality as an important characteristic to unravel neural networks from artificial noise. In this fMRI-study, we examined 103 healthy male students at rest and while performing the 5-choice serial reaction time task. We addressed fractality in a network associated with waiting impulsivity using the adaptive fractal analysis (AFA) approach to determine H. We revealed the fractal nature of the impulsivity network. Furthermore, fractality was influenced by individual impulsivity in terms of decreasing fractality with higher impulsivity in regions of top-down control (left middle frontal gyrus) as well as reward processing (nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex). We conclude that fractality as determined via H is a promising marker to quantify deviations in network functions at an early stage and, thus, to be able to inform preventive interventions before the manifestation of a disorder. KW - fMRI KW - Hurst Exponent KW - frontal cortex KW - nucleus accumbens KW - biomarker KW - impulse control disorders Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189191 SN - 1664-042X VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Werner, Elisabeth A1 - Dworschak, Wolfgang A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Ratz, Christoph T1 - Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen in bayerischen Heimeinrichtungen für Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Volljährige mit Intelligenzminderung JF - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie N2 - Fragestellung: In Bayern leben etwa 10 % aller jungen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in Heimeinrichtungen. 2016 wurde in Presseberichten der Vorwurf unzulässiger freiheitsentziehender Maßnahmen formuliert. Im Rahmen des Projekts REDUGIA wurde in bayerischen Heimeinrichtungen eine repräsentative Erhebung zu freiheitsentziehenden Maßnahmen (FeM), herausforderndem Verhalten (hfV) und der Mitarbeiterbelastung (MaB) durchgeführt. Methodik: 65 Einrichtungen für junge Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in Bayern wurde ein Fragebogen zu strukturellen Gegebenheiten sowie MaB, hfV und FeM zugesendet. Neben deskriptiven Auswertungen wurden korrelative Analysen bzw. Regressionsanalysen zum Zusammenhang zwischen hfV, FeM und MaB durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Es wurden Daten zu 1839 Personen in 61 Einrichtungen erhoben. 84.3 % der Einrichtungen berichteten geringe Raten an hfV und FeM, während 15.7 % ein gehäuftes Vorkommen von hfV und FeM angaben. Auf n = 1809 Vollzeitäquivalente kam es innerhalb von 14 Tagen zu 639 körperlichen Angriffen durch Bewohner_innen. In 12 Monaten wurden problemverhaltensassoziiert 85 Krankmeldungen sowie 33 Versetzungsanträge/Kündigungen berichtet. Es zeigte sich ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen hfV und FeM (R² = .307, F = 21.719, p < .001). Die Mitarbeiterbelastung korrelierte positiv mit hfV (r = .507, p < .001). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studienbefunde weisen darauf hin, dass hfV sowie FeM bei jungen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung kein flächendeckendes Phänomen darstellen, sondern sich auf wenige spezialisierte Einrichtungen fokussieren. Mögliche Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Problemverhalten und Freiheitsentzug werden diskutiert. N2 - Objective: In Bavaria, around 10 % of youths with an intellectual disability (ID) live in residential facilities. In 2015, media raised accusations of inadmissible use of coercive measures. The REDUGIA project carried out a representative survey in Bavarian facilities regarding coercive measures (FeM), challenging behavior (hfV), and employee stress (MaB). Method: We sent a questionnaire concerning structural conditions, MaB, hfV and FeM to 65 Bavarian facilities for young people with ID. In addition to preparing descriptive evaluations, we performed correlative and regression analyses concerning the relationship between hfV, FeM, and MaB. Results: We retrieved data from 1,839 subjects in 61 facilities. 84.3 % of facilities reported low rates of hfV and FeM, while 15.7 % reported an increased incidence of hfV and FeM. For n = 1809 full-time position equivalents there were 639 physical attacks by residents over the course of 14 days. We observed 85 instances of sick leave and 33 transfer apllications/resignation associated with hfV. The frequency of hfV predicted the frequency of FeM (R² = 0.307, F = 21.719, p < .001). MaB correlated positively with hfV (r = 0.507, p < .001). Conclusions: The descriptive data indicate that hfV and FeM are not general phenomena but occur mainly in a circumscript number of highly specialized facilities. This emphasizes the need for prevention of hfV and FeM. T2 - Freedom-restricting measures in Bavarian residential facilities for children, adolescents, and young adults with intellectual disabilities KW - Geistige Behinderung KW - herausforderndes Verhalten KW - freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen KW - Heimeinrichtungen KW - Mitarbeiterbelastung KW - intellectual disability KW - challenging behavior KW - coercive measures KW - residential institutions KW - employee stress Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244859 SN - 1422-4917 SN - 1664-2880 VL - 49 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geissler, Julia M. A1 - Werner, Elisabeth A1 - Dworschak, Wolfgang A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Ratz, Christoph T1 - German Law Reform Does Not Reduce the Prevalence of Coercive Measures in Residential Institutions for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry N2 - Background: Approximately 10% of children, adolescents and young adults with an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) in Bavaria live in residential institutions. 2015 saw media reports raising suspicions about excessive use of coercive measures (cM) in those institutions. Until a law reform at the end of 2017 made permission from family courts mandatory for cM, their use was governed by parental consent. The REDUGIA project conducted a representative survey comparing cM and their relation to challenging behaviour (cB) and employee stress in Bavaria pre and post reform. Methods: We sent questionnaires to 65 residential institutions for children, adolescents and young adults with IDD in 2017 (pre reform, T1) and 2019 (post reform, T2). To assess changes, we analysed data from all available questionnaire pairs (T1 and T2, N = 43). We calculated paired t-test and correlative analyses concerning the relationship between cB, cM, and employee stress. Results: The number of residents overall (T1: N = 1,661; T2: N = 1,673) and per institution (T1: m = 38.6 ± 32.0; T2: m = 38.9 ± 34.5, p = 0.920) remained stable. We did not see any changes in the Index cB (p = 0.508) or the proportion of residents per institution displaying various types of challenging behaviour (all ps>0.220). There was no change in the Index cM (p = 0.089) or any indicator of employee stress, all ps > 0.323. At follow-up, the Index cB correlated positively with the Index cM (r = 0.519 p < 0.001). Regarding employee stress, the Index cB correlated positively with the frequency of sick leave (r = 0.322, p = 0.037) and physical attacks on employees (r = 0.552, p < 0.001). The Index cM also correlated positively with the frequency of sick leave (r = 0.340, p = 0.028) and physical attacks on employees (r = 0.492, p = 0.001). Discussion: Coercive measures are not a general phenomenon, but are focused on specialised institutions. The law reform did not lead to changes in the number of children, adolescents and young adults with IDD affected by coercive measures in residential institutions in Bavaria. There were still large discrepancies between institutions in the prevalence of challenging behaviour and coercive measures. Coercive measures were associated with challenging behaviour and employee stress. Taken together, findings from REDUGIA emphasise the need to prevent challenging behaviour and thus coercive measures. KW - intellectual disabilities KW - developmental disabilities KW - challenging behaviours KW - employee stress KW - coercive measures KW - residential institutions Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249030 SN - 1664-0640 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grünblatt, Edna A1 - Oneda, Beatrice A1 - Ekici, Arif B. A1 - Ball, Juliane A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Uebe, Steffen A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Rauch, Anita A1 - Walitza, Susanne T1 - High resolution chromosomal microarray analysis in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder JF - BMC Medical Genomics N2 - Background Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common and chronic disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts and behaviours. It is a complex genetic condition and, in case of early onset (EO), the patients manifest a more severe phenotype, and an increased heritability. Large (>500 kb) copy number variations (CNVs) previously associated with autism and schizophrenia have been reported in OCD. Recently, rare CNVs smaller than 500 kb overlapping risk loci for other neurodevelopmental conditions have also been reported in OCD, stressing the importance of examining CNVs of any size range. The aim of this study was to further investigate the role of rare and small CNVs in the aetiology of EO-OCD. Methods We performed high-resolution chromosomal microarray analysis in 121 paediatric OCD patients and in 124 random controls to identify rare CNVs (>50 kb) which might contribute to EO-OCD. Results The frequencies and the size of the observed rare CNVs in the patients did not differ from the controls. However, we observed a significantly higher frequency of rare CNVs affecting brain related genes, especially deletions, in the patients (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.02–3.84; OR = 3.61, 95% CI 1.14–11.41, respectively). Similarly, enrichment-analysis of CNVs gene content, performed with three independent methods, confirmed significant clustering of predefined genes involved in synaptic/brain related functional pathways in the patients but not in the controls. In two patients we detected \(de-novo\) CNVs encompassing genes previously associated with different neurodevelopmental disorders \(\textit{NRXN1, ANKS1B, UHRF1BP1}\)). Conclusions Our results further strengthen the role of small rare CNVs, particularly deletions, as susceptibility factors for paediatric OCD. KW - Medicine KW - OCD KW - CNV KW - Enrichment analysis KW - De-novo KW - Early-onset Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172791 VL - 10 IS - 68 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lüffe, Teresa M. A1 - D'Orazio, Andrea A1 - Bauer, Moritz A1 - Gioga, Zoi A1 - Schoeffler, Victoria A1 - Lesch, Klaus-Peter A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Drepper, Carsten A1 - Lillesaar, Christina T1 - Increased locomotor activity via regulation of GABAergic signalling in foxp2 mutant zebrafish – implications for neurodevelopmental disorders JF - Translational Psychiatry N2 - Recent advances in the genetics of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have identified the transcription factor FOXP2 as one of numerous risk genes, e.g. in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). FOXP2 function is suggested to be involved in GABAergic signalling and numerous studies demonstrate that GABAergic function is altered in NDDs, thus disrupting the excitation/inhibition balance. Interestingly, GABAergic signalling components, including glutamate-decarboxylase 1 (Gad1) and GABA receptors, are putative transcriptional targets of FOXP2. However, the specific role of FOXP2 in the pathomechanism of NDDs remains elusive. Here we test the hypothesis that Foxp2 affects behavioural dimensions via GABAergic signalling using zebrafish as model organism. We demonstrate that foxp2 is expressed by a subset of GABAergic neurons located in brain regions involved in motor functions, including the subpallium, posterior tuberculum, thalamus and medulla oblongata. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing we generated a novel foxp2 zebrafish loss-of-function mutant that exhibits increased locomotor activity. Further, genetic and/or pharmacological disruption of Gad1 or GABA-A receptors causes increased locomotor activity, resembling the phenotype of foxp2 mutants. Application of muscimol, a GABA-A receptor agonist, rescues the hyperactive phenotype induced by the foxp2 loss-of-function. By reverse translation of the therapeutic effect on hyperactive behaviour exerted by methylphenidate, we note that application of methylphenidate evokes different responses in wildtype compared to foxp2 or gad1b loss-of-function animals. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that foxp2 regulates locomotor activity via GABAergic signalling. This provides one targetable mechanism, which may contribute to behavioural phenotypes commonly observed in NDDs. KW - comparative genomics KW - molecular neuroscience Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264713 VL - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Jans, Thomas A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Renner, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Döpfner, Manfred A1 - Dose, Christina A1 - Hautmann, Christopher A1 - Holtmann, Martin A1 - Jenkner, Carolin A1 - Millenet, Sabina A1 - Romanos, Marcel T1 - Individualised short-term therapy for adolescents impaired by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder despite previous routine care treatment (ESCAadol)-Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial within the consortium ESCAlife JF - Trials N2 - Background: Despite the high persistence rate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) throughout the lifespan, there is a considerable gap in knowledge regarding effective treatment strategies for adolescents with ADHD. This group in particular often shows substantial psychosocial impairment, low compliance and insufficient response to psychopharmacological interventions. Effective and feasible treatments should further consider the developmental shift in ADHD symptoms, comorbidity and psychosocial adversity as well as family dysfunction. Thus, individualised interventions for adolescent ADHD should comprise a multimodal treatment strategy. The randomised controlled ESCAadol study addresses the needs of this patient group and compares the outcome of short-term cognitive behavioural therapy with parent-based telephone-assisted self-help. Methods/design: In step 1, 160 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with a diagnosis of ADHD will undergo a treatment as usual (TAU) observation phase of 1 month. In step 2, those still severely affected are randomised to the intervention group with an Individualised Modular Treatment Programme (IMTP) or a telephone-assisted self-help programme for parents (TASH) as an active control condition. The IMTP was specifically designed for the needs of adolescent ADHD. It comprises 10 sessions of individual cognitive behavioural therapy with the adolescents and/or the parents, for which participants choose three out of 10 available focus modules (e.g. organisational skills and planning, emotion regulation, problem solving and stress management, dysfunctional family communication). TASH combines a bibliotherapeutic component with 10 counselling sessions for the parents via telephone. Primary outcome is the change in ADHD symptoms in a clinician-rated diagnostic interview. Outcomes are assessed at inclusion into the study, after the TAU phase, after the intervention phase and after a further 12-week follow-up period. The primary statistical analysis will be by intention-to-treat, using linear regression models. Additionally, we will analyse psychometric and biological predictors and moderators of treatment response. Discussion: ESCAadol compares two short-term non-pharmacological interventions as cost-efficient and feasible treatment options for adolescent ADHD, addressing the specific needs and obstacles to treatment success in this group. We aim to contribute to personalised medicine for adolescent ADHD intended to be implemented in routine clinical care. KW - ADHD KW - adolescents KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder KW - behaviour therapy KW - RCT KW - individualised modular treatment programme KW - telephone-assisted self-help Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176061 VL - 19 IS - 254 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bender, Stephan A1 - Resch, Franz A1 - Klein, Christoph A1 - Renner, Tobias A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas J. A1 - Weisbrod, Matthias A1 - Romanos, Marcel T1 - Influence of Stimulant Medication and Response Speed on Lateralization of Movement-Related Potentials in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder JF - PLoS One N2 - Background: Hyperactivity is one of the core symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it remains unclear in which way the motor system itself and its development are affected by the disorder. Movement-related potentials (MRP) can separate different stages of movement execution, from the programming of a movement to motor post-processing and memory traces. Pre-movement MRP are absent or positive during early childhood and display a developmental increase of negativity. Methods: We examined the influences of response-speed, an indicator of the level of attention, and stimulant medication on lateralized MRP in 16 children with combined type ADHD compared to 20 matched healthy controls. Results: We detected a significantly diminished lateralisation of MRP over the pre-motor and primary motor cortex during movement execution (initial motor potential peak, iMP) in patients with ADHD. Fast reactions (indicating increased visuo-motor attention) led to increased lateralized negativity during movement execution only in healthy controls, while in children with ADHD faster reaction times were associated with more positive amplitudes. Even though stimulant medication had some effect on attenuating group differences in lateralized MRP, this effect was insufficient to normalize lateralized iMP amplitudes. Conclusions: A reduced focal (lateralized) motor cortex activation during the command to muscle contraction points towards an immature motor system and a maturation delay of the (pre-) motor cortex in children with ADHD. A delayed maturation of the neuronal circuitry, which involves primary motor cortex, may contribute to ADHD pathophysiology. KW - deficit-hyperactivity disorder KW - anticipatory mechanisms KW - motor preparation KW - TIC disorder KW - children KW - ADHD KW - methylphenidate KW - contingent negative-variation KW - continuous performance-test KW - slow cortical potentials Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135262 VL - 7 IS - 6 ER -