TY - THES A1 - Chaianunporn, Thotsapol T1 - Evolution of dispersal and specialization in systems of interacting species T1 - Evolution von Ausbreitung und Spezialisierung von interagierenden Arten N2 - A metacommunity approach will be a useful framework to assess and predict changes in biodiversity in spatially structured landscapes and changing environments. However, the relationship between two core elements of metacommunity dynamics, dispersal and species interaction are not well understood. Most theoretical studies on dispersal evolution assume that target species are in isolation and do not interact with other species although the species interactions and community structure should have strong interdependence with dispersal. On the one hand, a species interaction can change the cost and benefit structure of dispersing in relation to non-dispersing individuals. On the other hand, with dispersal, an individual can follow respectively avoid species partners. Moreover, it is also important to explore the interdependence between dispersal and species interaction with spatial and temporal heterogeneity of environment because it would allow us to gain more understanding about responses of community to disturbances such as habitat destruction or global climate change, and this aspect is up to now not well-studied. In this thesis, I focus on the interactive and evolutionary feedback effects between dispersal and various types of interspecific interactions in different environmental settings. More specifically, I contrast dispersal evolution in scenarios with different types of interactions (chapter 2), explore the concurrent evolution of dispersal and habitat niche width (specialization) in spatial heterogeneous landscape (chapter 3) and consider (potential) multidimensional evolutionary responses under climate change (chapter 4). Moreover, I investigate consequences of different dispersal probability and group tolerance on group formation respectively group composition and the coexistence of ‘marker types’ (chapter 5). For all studies, I utilize individual-based models of single or multiple species within spatially explicit (grid-based) landscapes. In chapter 5, I also use an analytical model in addition to an individual-based model to predict phenomenon in group recognition and group formation. ... N2 - Ein „Multi-Arten“ Ansatz („metacommunity approach“; im Weiteren als Meta-Gemeinschaften bezeichnet) ist eine immer noch neue und wichtige Methode zur Einschätzung und Vorhersage von Änderungen der Biodiversität in räumlich strukturierten Habitaten. Dabei werden denkbare Reaktionen von Arten nicht isoliert betrachtet, sondern auch im Kontext von Interaktionen mit anderen Arten. Bisher wurde dabei die Beziehung zwischen zwei essentiellen Mechanismen, die in Meta-Gemeinschaften eine große Rolle spielen – Ausbreitung („dispersal“) und interspezifische Interaktion – wenig untersucht. Die meisten theoretischen Untersuchungen zur Ausbreitung erfolgen mit der Annahme, dass Arten in keinen Interaktionen mit anderen Arten stehen – in natürlichen Systemen interagieren die meisten Arten jedoch mit anderen. Interspezifische Interaktionen können außerdem die Kosten-Nutzen-Bilanz von Ausbreitenden im Vergleich zu Nicht-Ausbreitenden ändern. Andererseits kann ein Individuum durch Ausbreitung Interaktionspartnern folgen beziehungsweise sie vermeiden. Es ist deshalb zu erwarten, dass die interspezifischen Interaktionen und Ausbreitung stark interagieren. Weiter ist es wichtig, die gegenseitige Abhängigkeit der interspezifischen Interaktionen und Ausbreitung unter unterschiedlicher räumlicher und zeitlicher Heterogenität der Umwelt zu untersuchen, damit wir die Antwort einer Lebensgemeinschaft auf Umweltstörung, z.B. Habitatzerstörung und Klimawandel, besser verstehen können. ... KW - Tiergesellschaft KW - Ausbreitung KW - Spezialisierung KW - Evolution KW - interaktive Arten KW - dispersal KW - specialization KW - interacting species Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-76779 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chaianunporn, Thotsapol A1 - Hovestadt, Thomas T1 - Emergence of spatially structured populations by area‐concentrated search JF - Ecology and Evolution N2 - The idea that populations are spatially structured has become a very powerful concept in ecology, raising interest in many research areas. However, despite dispersal being a core component of the concept, it typically does not consider the movement behavior underlying any dispersal. Using individual‐based simulations in continuous space, we explored the emergence of a spatially structured population in landscapes with spatially heterogeneous resource distribution and with organisms following simple area‐concentrated search (ACS); individuals do not, however, perceive or respond to any habitat attributes per se but only to their foraging success. We investigated the effects of different resource clustering pattern in landscapes (single large cluster vs. many small clusters) and different resource density on the spatial structure of populations and movement between resource clusters of individuals. As results, we found that foraging success increased with increasing resource density and decreasing number of resource clusters. In a wide parameter space, the system exhibited attributes of a spatially structured populations with individuals concentrated in areas of high resource density, searching within areas of resources, and “dispersing” in straight line between resource patches. “Emigration” was more likely from patches that were small or of low quality (low resource density), but we observed an interaction effect between these two parameters. With the ACS implemented, individuals tended to move deeper into a resource cluster in scenarios with moderate resource density than in scenarios with high resource density. “Looping” from patches was more likely if patches were large and of high quality. Our simulations demonstrate that spatial structure in populations may emerge if critical resources are heterogeneously distributed and if individuals follow simple movement rules (such as ACS). Neither the perception of habitat nor an explicit decision to emigrate from a patch on the side of acting individuals is necessary for the emergence of such spatial structure. KW - area‐concentrated search KW - individual‐based model KW - metapopulation KW - spatially structured population Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311939 VL - 12 IS - 12 ER -