TY  - JOUR
A1  - Salvador, Ellaine
A1  - Kessler, Almuth F.
A1  - Domröse, Dominik
A1  - Hörmann, Julia
A1  - Schaeffer, Clara
A1  - Giniunaite, Aiste
A1  - Burek, Malgorzata
A1  - Tempel-Brami, Catherine
A1  - Voloshin, Tali
A1  - Volodin, Alexandra
A1  - Zeidan, Adel
A1  - Giladi, Moshe
A1  - Ernestus, Ralf-Ingo
A1  - Löhr, Mario
A1  - Förster, Carola Y.
A1  - Hagemann, Carsten
T1  - Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) reversibly permeabilize the blood–brain barrier in vitro and in vivo
JF  - Biomolecules
N2  - Despite the availability of numerous therapeutic substances that could potentially target CNS disorders, an inability of these agents to cross the restrictive blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits their clinical utility. Novel strategies to overcome the BBB are therefore needed to improve drug delivery. We report, for the first time, how Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields), approved for glioblastoma (GBM), affect the BBB’s integrity and permeability. Here, we treated murine microvascular cerebellar endothelial cells (cerebEND) with 100–300 kHz TTFields for up to 72 h and analyzed the expression of barrier proteins by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. In vivo, compounds normally unable to cross the BBB were traced in healthy rat brain following TTFields administration at 100 kHz. The effects were analyzed via MRI and immunohistochemical staining of tight-junction proteins. Furthermore, GBM tumor-bearing rats were treated with paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic normally restricted by the BBB combined with TTFields at 100 kHz. The tumor volume was reduced with TTFields plus PTX, relative to either treatment alone. In vitro, we demonstrate that TTFields transiently disrupted BBB function at 100 kHz through a Rho kinase-mediated tight junction claudin-5 phosphorylation pathway. Altogether, if translated into clinical use, TTFields could represent a novel CNS drug delivery strategy.
KW  - blood–brain barrier
KW  - TTFields
KW  - CNS disorders
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-288057
SN  - 2218-273X
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Salvador, Ellaine
A1  - Burek, Malgorzata
A1  - Löhr, Mario
A1  - Nagai, Michiaki
A1  - Hagemann, Carsten
A1  - Förster, Carola Y.
T1  - Senescence and associated blood-brain barrier alterations in vitro
JF  - Histochemistry and Cell Biology
N2  - Progressive deterioration of the central nervous system (CNS) is commonly associated with aging. An important component of the neurovasculature is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), majorly made up of endothelial cells joined together by intercellular junctions. The relationship between senescence and changes in the BBB has not yet been thoroughly explored. Moreover, the lack of in vitro models for the study of the mechanisms involved in those changes impede further and more in-depth investigations in the field. For this reason, we herein present an in vitro model of the senescent BBB and an initial attempt to identify senescence-associated alterations within.
KW  - senescence
KW  - in vitro model
KW  - aging
KW  - CNS diseases
KW  - blood–brain barrier
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267435
SN  - 1432-119X
VL  - 156
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reschke, Moritz
A1  - Salvador, Ellaine
A1  - Schlegel, Nicolas
A1  - Burek, Malgorzata
A1  - Karnati, Srikanth
A1  - Wunder, Christian
A1  - Förster, Carola Y.
T1  - Isosteviol sodium (STVNA) reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and GM-CSF in an in vitro murine stroke model of the blood–brain barrier (BBB)
JF  - Pharmaceutics
N2  - Early treatment with glucocorticoids could help reduce both cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, leading to improved clinical outcome after stroke. In our previous study, isosteviol sodium (STVNA) demonstrated neuroprotective effects in an in vitro stroke model, which utilizes oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Herein, we tested the hypothesis that STVNA can activate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional activity in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) as previously published for T cells. STVNA exhibited no effects on transcriptional activation of the glucocorticoid receptor, contrary to previous reports in Jurkat cells. However, similar to dexamethasone, STVNA inhibited inflammatory marker IL-6 as well as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion. Based on these results, STVNA proves to be beneficial as a possible prevention and treatment modality for brain ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction.
KW  - IL-6
KW  - ischemia
KW  - isosteviol sodium (STVNA)
KW  - dexamethasone
KW  - glucocorticoid receptor
KW  - cerebEND
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-286275
SN  - 1999-4923
VL  - 14
IS  - 9
ER  -