TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reuss, Heiko
A1  - Pohl, Carsten
A1  - Kiesel, Andrea
A1  - Kunde, Wilfried
T1  - Follow the sign! Top-down contingent attentional capture of masked arrow cues
JF  - Advances in Cognitive Psychology
N2  - Arrow cues and other overlearned spatial symbols automatically orient attention according to their spatial meaning. This renders them similar to exogenous cues that occur at stimulus location. Exogenous cues trigger shifts of attention even when they are presented subliminally. Here, we investigate to what extent the mechanisms underlying the orienting of attention by exogenous cues and by arrow cues are comparable by analyzing the effects of visible and masked arrow cues on attention. In Experiment 1, we presented arrow cues with overall 50% validity. Visible cues, but not masked cues, lead to shifts of attention. In Experiment 2, the arrow cues had an overall validity of 80%. Now both visible and masked arrows lead to shifts of attention. This is in line with findings that subliminal exogenous cues capture attention only in a top-down contingent manner, that is, when the cues fit the observer’s intentions.
KW  - Attention
KW  - arrow cues
KW  - spatial cuing
KW  - masked priming
KW  - contingent capture
Y1  - 2011
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140030
VL  - 7
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bilalic, Merim
A1  - Kiesel, Andrea
A1  - Pohl, Carsten
A1  - Erb, Michael
A1  - Grodd, Wolfgang
T1  - It Takes Two–Skilled Recognition of Objects Engages
Lateral Areas in Both Hemispheres
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Our object recognition abilities, a direct product of our experience with objects, are fine-tuned to perfection. Left temporal and lateral areas along the dorsal, action related stream, as well as left infero-temporal areas along the ventral, object related stream are engaged in object recognition. Here we show that expertise modulates the activity of dorsal areas in the recognition of man-made objects with clearly specified functions. Expert chess players were faster than chess novices in identifying chess objects and their functional relations. Experts’ advantage was domain-specific as there were no differences between groups in a control task featuring geometrical shapes. The pattern of eye movements supported the notion that experts’ extensive knowledge about domain objects and their functions enabled superior recognition even when experts were not directly fixating the objects of interest. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) related exclusively the areas along the dorsal stream to chess specific object recognition. Besides the commonly involved left temporal and parietal lateral brain areas, we found that only in experts homologous areas on the right hemisphere were also engaged in chess specific object recognition. Based on these results, we discuss whether skilled object recognition does not only involve a more efficient version of the processes found in non-skilled recognition, but also qualitatively different cognitive processes which engage additional brain areas
KW  - Expert chess players
KW  - Anterior inferotemporal cortex
KW  - Deliberate practice
KW  - Neural basis
KW  - Function knowledge
KW  - Parietal cortex
KW  - Macaque monkey
KW  - Temporal areas
KW  - Memory
KW  - Task
Y1  - 2011
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176935
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -