TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beck, Hanna
A1  - Titze, Stephanie I.
A1  - Hübner, Silvia
A1  - Busch, Martin
A1  - Schlieper, Georg
A1  - Schultheiss, Ulla T.
A1  - Wanner, Christoph
A1  - Kronenberg, Florian
A1  - Krane, Vera
A1  - Eckardt, Kai-Uwe
A1  - Köttgen, Anna
T1  - Heart Failure in a Cohort of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: The GCKD Study
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Background and Aims 
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for development and progression of heart failure (HF). CKD and HF share common risk factors, but few data exist on the prevalence, signs and symptoms as well as correlates of HF in populations with CKD of moderate severity. We therefore aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of HF in the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study, a large observational prospective study. 

Methods and Results 
We analyzed data from 5,015 GCKD patients aged 18-74 years with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 ml/min/1.73m\(^{2}\) or with an eGFR >= 60 and overt proteinuria (>500 mg/d). We evaluated a definition of HF based on the Gothenburg score, a clinical HF score used in epidemiological studies (Gothenburg HF), and self-reported HF. Factors associated with HF were identified using multivariable adjusted logistic regression. The prevalence of Gothenburg HF was 43% (ranging from 24% in those with eGFR >90 to 59% in those with eGFR<30 ml/min/1.73m2). The corresponding estimate for self-reported HF was 18% (range 5%-24%). Lower eGFR was significantly and independently associated with the Gothenburg definition of HF (p-trend <0.001). Additional significantly associated correlates included older age, female gender, higher BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, anemia, sleep apnea, and lower educational status. 

Conclusions 
The burden of self-reported and Gothenburg HF among patients with CKD is high. The proportion of patients who meet the criteria for Gothenburg HF in a European cohort of patients with moderate CKD is more than twice as high as the prevalence of self-reported HF. However, because of the shared signs, symptoms and medications of HF and CKD, the Gothenburg score cannot be used to reliably define HF in CKD patients. Our results emphasize the need for early screening for HF in patients with CKD.
KW  - global outcomes
KW  - cardiovascularm disease
KW  - consensus conference
KW  - men born
KW  - insufficiency
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - European Society
KW  - atherosclerosis risk
KW  - United States
KW  - glomerular filtration rate
KW  - KDIGO
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143315
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -