TY  - JOUR
A1  - Grimm, Oliver
A1  - Weber, Heike
A1  - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah
A1  - Kranz, Thorsten M.
A1  - Jacob, Christian P.
A1  - Lesch, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Reif, Andreas
T1  - Impulsivity and Venturesomeness in an Adult ADHD Sample: Relation to Personality, Comorbidity, and Polygenic Risk
JF  - Frontiers in Psychiatry
N2  - While impulsivity is a basic feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), no study explored the effect of different components of the Impulsiveness (Imp) and Venturesomeness (Vent) scale (IV7) on psychiatric comorbidities and an ADHD polygenic risk score (PRS). We used the IV7 self-report scale in an adult ADHD sample of 903 patients, 70% suffering from additional comorbid disorders, and in a subsample of 435 genotyped patients. Venturesomeness, unlike immediate Impulsivity, is not specific to ADHD. We consequently analyzed the influence of Imp and Vent also in the context of a PRS on psychiatric comorbidities of ADHD. Vent shows a distinctly different distribution of comorbidities, e.g., less anxiety and depression. PRS showed no effect on different ADHD comorbidities, but correlated with childhood hyperactivity. In a complementary analysis using principal component analysis with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition ADHD criteria, revised NEO Personality Inventory, Imp, Vent, and PRS, we identified three ADHD subtypes. These are an impulsive–neurotic type, an adventurous–hyperactive type with a stronger genetic component, and an anxious–inattentive type. Our study thus suggests the importance of adventurousness and the differential consideration of impulsivity in ADHD. The genetic risk is distributed differently between these subtypes, which underlines the importance of clinically motivated subtyping. Impulsivity subtyping might give insights into the organization of comorbid disorders in ADHD and different genetic background.
KW  - impulsivity
KW  - ADHD
KW  - polygenic risk score
KW  - venturesomeness
KW  - substance abuse disorder
KW  - attention
KW  - hyperactivity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219751
SN  - 1664-0640
VL  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Franke, Barbara
A1  - Michelini, Giorgia
A1  - Asherson, Philip
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Bilbow, Andrea
A1  - Buitelaar, Jan K.
A1  - Cormand, Bru
A1  - Faraone, Stephen V.
A1  - Ginsberg, Ylva
A1  - Haavik, Jan
A1  - Kuntsi, Jonna
A1  - Larsson, Henrik
A1  - Lesch, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni
A1  - Réthelyi, János M.
A1  - Ribases, Marta
A1  - Reif, Andreas
T1  - Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan
JF  - European Neuropsychopharmacology
N2  - Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable and the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. In recent decades, it has been appreciated that in a substantial number of cases the disorder does not remit in puberty, but persists into adulthood. Both in childhood and adulthood, ADHD is characterised by substantial comorbidity including substance use, depression, anxiety, and accidents. However, course and symptoms of the disorder and the comorbidities may fluctuate and change over time, and even age of onset in childhood has recently been questioned. Available evidence to date is poor and largely inconsistent with regard to the predictors of persistence versus remittance. Likewise, the development of comorbid disorders cannot be foreseen early on, hampering preventive measures. These facts call for a lifespan perspective on ADHD from childhood to old age. In this selective review, we summarise current knowledge of the long-term course of ADHD, with an emphasis on clinical symptom and cognitive trajectories, treatment effects over the lifespan, and the development of comorbidities. Also, we summarise current knowledge and important unresolved issues on biological factors underlying different ADHD trajectories. We conclude that a severe lack of knowledge on lifespan aspects in ADHD still exists for nearly every aspect reviewed. We encourage large-scale research efforts to overcome those knowledge gaps through appropriately granular longitudinal studies.
KW  - developmental trajectory
KW  - treatment
KW  - comorbidity
KW  - cognitive impairment
KW  - genetics
KW  - adult-onset ADHD
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228407
VL  - 28
ER  -