TY  - JOUR
A1  - Appel, Mirjam
A1  - Scholz, Claus-Jürgen
A1  - Kocabey, Samet
A1  - Savage, Sinead
A1  - König, Christian
A1  - Yarali, Ayse
T1  - Independent natural genetic variation of punishment- versus relief-memory
JF  - Biology Letters
N2  - A painful event establishes two opponent memories: cues that are associated with pain onset are remembered negatively, whereas cues that coincide with the relief at pain offset acquire positive valence. Such punishment-versus relief-memories are conserved across species, including humans, and the balance between them is critical for adaptive behaviour with respect to pain and trauma. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster as a study case, we found that both punishment-and relief-memories display natural variation across wild-derived inbred strains, but they do not covary, suggesting a considerable level of dissociation in their genetic effectors. This provokes the question whether there may be heritable inter-individual differences in the balance between these opponent memories in man, with potential psycho-clinical implications.
KW  - associative memory
KW  - Drosophila melanogaster
KW  - natural genetic variation
KW  - opponent processes
KW  - punishment
KW  - fruit-flies
KW  - relief
KW  - reward
KW  - rats
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-186554
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
ER  -