TY - THES A1 - Metzger, Alexandra T1 - Molekulargenetische Charakterisierung tumorigener Chromosomenaberrationen in extranodalen Marginalzonenlymphomen vom MALT-Typ der Lunge T1 - Moleculargenetical characterising of tumorigenic chromosomal aberrations in pulmonary extranodal marginalzone b-cell lymphomas of the MALT type N2 - MALT-Lymphome der Lunge gehören als extranodale Marginalzonen-B-Zell-Lymphomen zu den malignen Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass rekurrenten genetischen Translokationen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Tumorgenese zukommt. Eine zentrale Rolle nimmt die Aktivierung des Transkriptionsfaktors NFkappaB ein, die Folge solcher rekurrenter Translokationen (z.B. t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32)) und numerischer Chromosomenaberrationen (Trisomie 3, Trisomie 18) ist. In der vorliegenden Arbeit haben wir 60 Fälle extranodaler Marginalzonen-B-Zell-Lymphome der Lunge bezüglich der genannten genetischen Translokationen untersucht. Es ist dies die größte bisher in der Literatur beschriebene Serie von MALT-Lymphomen in dieser Lokalisation. Die Untersuchung der t(11;18) ergab in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine geringere Häufigkeit als in der Literatur beschrieben, wobei zu berücksichtigen ist, dass die bisher vorgestellten Studien deutlich geringere Fallzahlen aufwiesen. Bezüglich der Translokationen t(14;18), t(1;14), t(3;14) und der Trisomie 3 waren in der vorliegenden Studie ähnliche Häufigkeiten zu finden, wie sie in der Literatur beschrieben sind. Als möglichen alternativen Aktivierungsweg des Zellzyklus zeigte sich in dieser Studie neben den genannten Translokationen sowohl eine Trisomie 3 als auch eine Amplifikation der Genkopienzahl von MALT1. Im Vergleich der genetischen und immunhistochemischen Ergebnisse bezüglich der FOXP1- und der BCL10-Expression zeigte sich für FOXP1 eine hohe Korrelation zwischen immunhistologischer Expression und genetischem Nachweis einer Genaktivierung, während für BCL10 eine starke Diskrepanz bezüglich Sensitivität und Spezifität gefunden wurde, so dass die immunhistologische Analyse nur einen Hinweis auf das Vorliegen einer genetischen Translokation zu geben vermag, aber nicht als Surrogatmarker zu verwenden ist. N2 - Pulmonary MALT-lymphomas as extranodal marginalzone b-cell lymphomas belong to the non hodgkin lymphomas. Many analyses showed that recurrent genetical translocations figure in the tumorgenesis. A central part takes the activation of the transkription factor NFkappaB resulted from such recurrent translocations (e.g. t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32)) and numeric chromosomal aberrations (3+, 18+). In this paper, 60 cases of extranodal marginalzone b-cell lymphomas were analysed regarding the named genetical translocations. This is the extensivest up to now described serie of MALT-lymphomas in this location. KW - Chromosomenaberration KW - B-Zell-Lymphom KW - Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom KW - Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung KW - Translokation KW - b-cell lymphoma of the MALT type KW - non-hodgkin-lymphoma KW - chromosomal aberration KW - translocation Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-28676 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gomes, Sara F. Martins A1 - Westermann, Alexander J. A1 - Sauerwein, Till A1 - Hertlein, Tobias A1 - Förstner, Konrad U. A1 - Ohlsen, Knut A1 - Metzger, Marco A1 - Shusta, Eric V. A1 - Kim, Brandon J. A1 - Appelt-Menzel, Antje A1 - Schubert-Unkmeir, Alexandra T1 - Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain endothelial cells as a cellular model to study Neisseria meningitidis infection JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Meningococcal meningitis is a severe central nervous system infection that occurs when Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) penetrates brain endothelial cells (BECs) of the meningeal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. As a human-specific pathogen, in vivo models are greatly limited and pose a significant challenge. In vitro cell models have been developed, however, most lack critical BEC phenotypes limiting their usefulness. Human BECs generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) retain BEC properties and offer the prospect of modeling the human-specific Nm interaction with BECs. Here, we exploit iPSC-BECs as a novel cellular model to study Nm host-pathogen interactions, and provide an overview of host responses to Nm infection. Using iPSC-BECs, we first confirmed that multiple Nm strains and mutants follow similar phenotypes to previously described models. The recruitment of the recently published pilus adhesin receptor CD147 underneath meningococcal microcolonies could be verified in iPSC-BECs. Nm was also observed to significantly increase the expression of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-specific chemokines IL6, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, and CCL20, and the secretion of IFN-γ and RANTES. For the first time, we directly observe that Nm disrupts the three tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5, which become frayed and/or discontinuous in BECs upon Nm challenge. In accordance with tight junction loss, a sharp loss in trans-endothelial electrical resistance, and an increase in sodium fluorescein permeability and in bacterial transmigration, was observed. Finally, we established RNA-Seq of sorted, infected iPSC-BECs, providing expression data of Nm-responsive host genes. Altogether, this model provides novel insights into Nm pathogenesis, including an impact of Nm on barrier properties and tight junction complexes, and suggests that the paracellular route may contribute to Nm traversal of BECs. KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - meningococcus KW - bacteria KW - stem cells KW - blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier KW - blood-brain barrier KW - brain endothelial cells Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201562 VL - 10 IS - 1181 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mühlemann, Markus A1 - Zdzieblo, Daniela A1 - Friedrich, Alexandra A1 - Berger, Constantin A1 - Otto, Christoph A1 - Walles, Heike A1 - Koepsell, Hermann A1 - Metzger, Marco T1 - Altered pancreatic islet morphology and function in SGLT1 knockout mice on a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet JF - Molecular Metabolism N2 - Objectives Glycemic control by medical treatment represents one therapeutic strategy for diabetic patients. The Na+-d-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is currently of high interest in this context. SGLT1 is known to mediate glucose absorption and incretin secretion in the small intestine. Recently, inhibition of SGLT1 function was shown to improve postprandial hyperglycemia. In view of the lately demonstrated SGLT1 expression in pancreatic islets, we investigated if loss of SGLT1 affects islet morphology and function. Methods Effects associated with the loss of SGLT1 on pancreatic islet (cyto) morphology and function were investigated by analyzing islets of a SGLT1 knockout mouse model, that were fed a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet (SGLT1−/−-GDFE) to circumvent the glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome. To distinguish diet- and Sglt1−/−-dependent effects, wildtype mice on either standard chow (WT-SC) or the glucose-free, fat-enriched diet (WT-GDFE) were used as controls. Feeding a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet further required the analysis of intestinal SGLT1 expression and function under diet-conditions. Results Consistent with literature, our data provide evidence that small intestinal SGLT1 mRNA expression and function is regulated by nutrition. In contrast, pancreatic SGLT1 mRNA levels were not affected by the applied diet, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms for SGLT1 in diverse tissues. Morphological changes such as increased islet sizes and cell numbers associated with changes in proliferation and apoptosis and alterations of the β- and α-cell population are specifically observed for pancreatic islets of SGLT1−/−-GDFE mice. Glucose stimulation revealed no insulin response in SGLT1−/−-GDFE mice while WT-GDFE mice displayed only a minor increase of blood insulin. Irregular glucagon responses were observed for both, SGLT1−/−-GDFE and WT-GDFE mice. Further, both animal groups showed a sustained release of GLP-1 compared to WT-SC controls. Conclusion Loss or impairment of SGLT1 results in abnormal pancreatic islet (cyto)morphology and disturbed islet function regarding the insulin or glucagon release capacity from β- or α-cells, respectively. Consequently, our findings propose a new, additional role for SGLT1 maintaining proper islet structure and function. KW - glucose transporter SGLT1 KW - pancreatic islet cytomorphology KW - pancreatic islet function KW - β-cell KW - α-cell Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224230 VL - 13 ER -