TY - JOUR A1 - Mousset, Sabine A1 - Buchheidt, Dieter A1 - Heinz, Werner A1 - Ruhnke, Markus A1 - Cornely, Oliver A. A1 - Egerer, Gerlinde A1 - Krüger, William A1 - Link, Hartmut A1 - Neumann, Silke A1 - Ostermann, Helmut A1 - Panse, Jens A1 - Penack, Olaf A1 - Rieger, Christina A1 - Schmidt-Hieber, Martin A1 - Silling, Gerda A1 - Südhoff, Thomas A1 - Ullmann, Andrew J. A1 - Wolf, Hans-Heinrich A1 - Maschmeyer, Georg A1 - Böhme, Angelika T1 - Treatment of invasive fungal infections in cancer patients—updated recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO) JF - Annals of Hematology N2 - Invasive fungal infections are a main cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy regimens. Early antifungal treatment is mandatory to improve survival. Today, a number of effective and better-tolerated but more expensive antifungal agents compared to the former gold standard amphotericin B deoxycholate are available. Clinical decision-making must consider results from numerous studies and published guidelines, as well as licensing status and cost pressure. New developments in antifungal prophylaxis improving survival rates result in a continuous need for actualization. The treatment options for invasive Candida infections include fluconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B and its lipid formulations, as well as echinocandins. Voriconazole, amphotericin B, amphotericin B lipid formulations, caspofungin, itraconazole, and posaconazole are available for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. Additional procedures, such as surgical interventions, immunoregulatory therapy, and granulocyte transfusions, have to be considered. The Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology here presents its 2008 recommendations discussing the dos and do-nots, as well as the problems and possible solutions, of evidence criteria selection. KW - cancer KW - invasive fungal infections KW - antifungals KW - mycoses KW - hematologic malignancies KW - aspergillosis KW - antifungal agents KW - invasive candidiasis Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121340 VL - 96 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bielaszewska, Martina A1 - Schiller, Roswitha A1 - Lammers, Lydia A1 - Bauwens, Andreas A1 - Fruth, Angelika A1 - Middendorf, Barbara A1 - Schmidt, M. Alexander A1 - Tarr, Phillip I. A1 - Dobrindt, Ulrich A1 - Karch, Helge A1 - Mellmann, Alexander T1 - Heteropathogenic virulence and phylogeny reveal phased pathogenic metamorphosis in Escherichia coli O2:H6 JF - EMBO Molecular Medicine N2 - Extraintestinal pathogenic and intestinal pathogenic (diarrheagenic) Escherichia coli differ phylogenetically and by virulence profiles. Classic theory teaches simple linear descent in this species, where non-pathogens acquire virulence traits and emerge as pathogens. However, diarrheagenic Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC) O2:H6 not only possess and express virulence factors associated with diarrheagenic and uropathogenic E.coli but also cause diarrhea and urinary tract infections. These organisms are phylogenetically positioned between members of an intestinal pathogenic group (STEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli. STEC O2:H6 is, therefore, a 'heteropathogen,' and the first such hybrid virulent E.coli identified. The phylogeny of these E.coli and the repertoire of virulence traits they possess compel consideration of an alternate view of pathogen emergence, whereby one pathogroup of E.coli undergoes phased metamorphosis into another. By understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of bacterial pathogens, rational strategies for counteracting their detrimental effects on humans can be developed. KW - phased metamorphosis KW - phylogeny KW - heteropathogenicity KW - Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli KW - hemolytic-uremic syndrome KW - urinary-tract-infection KW - cytolethal distending toxin KW - shiga toxin KW - Crohns-disease KW - outbreak KW - genes KW - island KW - strains KW - parallel evolution KW - uropathogenic Escherichia coli Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117254 SN - 1757-4684 VL - 6 IS - 3 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schmidt, Angelika T1 - Leben und Werk des Hallenser Zahnmediziners Hans Körner T1 - The dentist Hans Körner from Halle N2 - Die Zahnheilkunde führte zu Zeiten Hans Körners (1862-1929) ein Eigenleben innerhalb der Medizin, wie kein anderes der medizinischen Spezialfächer. Nicht einmal eine akademische Ausbildung hielt man in Deutschland für die Ausübung dieses Berufes für nötig. Promotionswillige Studenten hatten nur in dem Fachbereich Philosophie die Möglichkeit zur Promotion, da die Studierenden der Zahnheilkunde anfangs der philosophischen und nicht der medizinischen Fakultät angehörten. Nur durch die Promotion war es den akademisch ausgebildeten Zahnärzten möglich, sich von den Dentisten zu unterscheiden. Körners Tätigkeit fiel in eine Zeit, in der die Bedeutung der Zahnheilkunde für die Volksgesundheit nur langsam erkannt wurde. Das Bewusstsein für die Notwendigkeit der Schaffung zahnmedizinischer Kliniken und eigenständiger akademischer Fachbereiche fehlte in der breiten Öffentlichkeit. Trotz dieser Hindernisse, die in Halle zusätzlich auch durch den schlechten Ruf seines Vorgängers geprägt waren, nahm Körner die Aufgabe des Aufbaus des zahnärztlichen Unterrichts und der Schaffung eines zahnmedizinischen Institutes in Halle, unbeirrt von Rückschlägen, in Angriff. Als er im Jahre 1896 das Institut übernahm, war noch nicht einmal ein Laboratorium für Prothetik vorhanden, so dass er in seiner eigenen Wohnung den Studenten Räume zur Verfügung stellte, damit sie dort ihre technischen Arbeiten ausführen konnten, deren Wert für die Ausbildung zum Zahnarzt er schon damals richtig erkannt hatte. Die Mehrzahl seiner Publikationen behandeln die Beziehung der Zahnheilkunde zur Gesamtmedizin. Sie beinhalten die unterschiedlichsten Gebiete des zahnärztlichen Alltags. Es sind interessante Ansätze vorhanden, die aber häufig nur auf einer empirischen Grundlage basieren. Unter seinen zahlreichen Publikationen sind keine bahnbrechenden Ergebnisse zu finden. Körner hat einfach seine Beobachtungen niedergeschrieben, seine eigenen Schlüsse daraus gezogen und diese in der Öffentlichkeit zur Diskussion gestellt. Körner profitierte von der allgemeinen Aufbruchsstimmung der in Deutschland heranwachsenden Zahnärzteschaft. So war es ihm möglich, auch für Halle Forderungen nach Anerkennung der Zahnmedizin als selbständiges Spezialfach der Medizin und einer Promotionsmöglichkeit für Zahnärzte zu stellen. N2 - Like no other medicine discipline the odontology had its own life within the medicine at times of Hans Körner (1862-1929). At that times there was no academic education necessary for being a dentist. In the beginning odontology belonged to the philosophical academic department. Therefore students could only make a dissertation in philosophy. A dissertation was necessary for academically educated dentists to separate themselves from so called “dentists” (German “Dentisten”). At the time of Körners work the importance of dental sciences was recognised very slowly as important for the global health. There was no common sense for the necessity of founding dental hospitals and own academic dental departments. Although there was a bad reputation of his predecessor in Halle Körner managed building up a dental education and founding a dental academic department in Halle. When he overtook the department in 1896 there was no implantolgic laboratory. He considered the value of implantology very important for the dental education. Thus he provided rooms of his private house where the students could do the technical implantological work. The majority of his publications deal with the relation between odontology and medicine. They contain a huge variety of dental every day life topics. Interesting approaches can be found but they are mostly based on an empiric level. Within his great numbers of publications there are no groundbreaking results. Körner simple wrote down his observations and made his conclusions which he then put to public discussion. He profited from the “let’s do it” spirit of the dentists at that time in Germany. In consequence he made the dental science an own medical discipline of medicine with the possibility of a dissertation. KW - Zahnmedizin KW - Geschichte der Zahnheilkunde KW - Hans Körner KW - Promotionsmöglichkeit für Zahnmediziner KW - Entwicklung Zahnmedizinisches Institut Halle KW - Odontology KW - History of odontology KW - Hans Körner KW - Dissertation for dentists KW - Development of dental medical institute Halle Y1 - 2001 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-3803 ER -