TY  - JOUR
A1  - Horn, Anne
A1  - Scheller, Carsten
A1  - du Plessis, Stefan
A1  - Arendt, Gabriele
A1  - Nolting, Thorsten
A1  - Joska, John
A1  - Sopper, Sieghart
A1  - Maschke, Matthias
A1  - Obermann, Mark
A1  - Husstedt, Ingo W.
A1  - Hain, Johannes
A1  - Maponga, Tongai
A1  - Riederer, Peter
A1  - Koutsilieri, Eleni
T1  - Increases in CSF dopamine in HIV patients are due to the dopamine transporter 10/10-repeat allele which is more frequent in HIV-infected individuals
JF  - Journal of Neural Transmission
N2  - Dysfunction of dopaminergic neurotransmission has been implicated in HIV infection. We showed previously increased dopamine (DA) levels in CSF of therapy-naïve HIV patients and an inverse correlation between CSF DA and CD4 counts in the periphery, suggesting adverse effects of high levels of DA on HIV infection. In the current study including a total of 167 HIV-positive and negative donors from Germany and South Africa (SA), we investigated the mechanistic background for the increase of CSF DA in HIV individuals. Interestingly, we found that the DAT 10/10-repeat allele is present more frequently within HIV individuals than in uninfected subjects. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender and ethnicity showed an odds ratio for HIV infection in DAT 10/10 allele carriers of 3.93 (95 % CI 1.72–8.96; p = 0.001, Fishers exact test). 42.6 % HIV-infected patients harbored the DAT 10/10 allele compared to only 10.5 % uninfected DAT 10/10 carriers in SA (odds ratio 6.31), whereas 68.1 versus 40.9 %, respectively, in Germany (odds ratio 3.08). Subjects homozygous for the 10-repeat allele had higher amounts of CSF DA and reduced DAT mRNA expression but similar disease severity compared with those carrying other DAT genotypes. These intriguing and novel findings show the mutual interaction between DA and HIV, suggesting caution in the interpretation of CNS DA alterations in HIV infection solely as a secondary phenomenon to the virus and open the door for larger studies investigating consequences of the DAT functional polymorphism on HIV epidemiology and progression of disease.
KW  - HIV
KW  - HAND
KW  - dopamine
KW  - DAT
KW  - polymorphism
KW  - CSF
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132385
VL  - 120
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Saulin, Anne
A1  - Horn, Ulrike
A1  - Lotze, Martin
A1  - Kaiser, Jochen
A1  - Hein, Grit
T1  - The neural computation of human prosocial choices in complex motivational states
JF  - NeuroImage
N2  - Motives motivate human behavior. Most behaviors are driven by more than one motive, yet it is unclear how different motives interact and how such motive combinations affect the neural computation of the behaviors they drive. To answer this question, we induced two prosocial motives simultaneously (multi-motive condition) and separately (single motive conditions). After the different motive inductions, participants performed the same choice task in which they allocated points in favor of the other person (prosocial choice) or in favor of themselves (egoistic choice). We used fMRI to assess prosocial choice-related brain responses and drift diffusion modeling to specify how motive combinations affect individual components of the choice process. Our results showed that the combination of the two motives in the multi-motive condition increased participants' choice biases prior to the behavior itself. On the neural level, these changes in initial prosocial bias were associated with neural responses in the bilateral dorsal striatum. In contrast, the efficiency of the prosocial decision process was comparable between the multi-motive and the single-motive conditions. These findings provide insights into the computation of prosocial choices in complex motivational states, the motivational setting that drives most human behaviors .
KW  - motivation
KW  - social decision-making
KW  - hierarchical drift-diffusion modeling
KW  - fMRI
KW  - social neuroscience
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265852
VL  - 247
ER  -