TY - THES A1 - Vona, Barbara C. T1 - Molecular Characterization of Genes Involved in Hearing Loss T1 - Molekulare Charakterisierung der in Hörstörungen involvierten Genen N2 - The auditory system is an exquisitely complex sensory organ dependent upon the synchronization of numerous processes for proper function. The molecular characterization of hereditary hearing loss is complicated by extreme genetic heterogeneity, wherein hundreds of genes dispersed genome-wide play a central and irreplaceable role in normal hearing function. The present study explores this area on a genome-wide and single gene basis for the detection of genetic mutations playing critical roles in human hearing. This work initiated with a high resolution SNP array study involving 109 individuals. A 6.9 Mb heterozygous deletion on chromosome 4q35.1q35.2 was identified in a syndromic patient that was in agreement with a chromosome 4q deletion syndrome diagnosis. A 99.9 kb heterozygous deletion of exons 58-64 in USH2A was identified in one patient. Two homozygous deletions and five heterozygous deletions in STRC (DFNB16) were also detected. The homozygous deletions alone were enough to resolve the hearing impairment in the two patients. A Sanger sequencing assay was developed to exclude a pseudogene with a high percentage sequence identity to STRC from the analysis, which further solved three of the six heterozygous deletion patients with the hemizygous, in silico predicted pathogenic mutations c.2726A>T (p.H909L), c.4918C>T (p.L1640F), and c.4402C>T (p.R1468X). A single patient who was copy neutral for STRC and without pathogenic copy number variations had compound heterozygous mutations [c. 2303_2313+1del12 (p.G768Vfs*77) and c.5125A>G (p.T1709A)] in STRC. It has been shown that STRC has been previously underestimated as a hearing loss gene. One additional patient is described who does not have pathogenic copy number variation but is the only affected member of his family having hearing loss with a paternally segregating translocation t(10;15)(q26.13;q21.1). Twenty-four patients without chromosomal aberrations and the above described patient with an USH2A heterozygous deletion were subjected to a targeted hearing loss gene next generation sequencing panel consisting of either 80 or 129 hearing-relevant genes. The patient having the USH2A heterozygous deletion also disclosed a second mutation in this gene [c.2276G>T (p.C759F)]. This compound heterozygous mutation is the most likely cause of hearing loss in this patient. Nine mutations in genes conferring autosomal dominant hearing loss [ACTG1 (DFNA20/26); CCDC50 (DFNA44); EYA4 (DFNA10); GRHL2 (DFNA28); MYH14 (DFNA4A); MYO6 (DFNA22); TCF21 and twice in MYO1A (DFNA48)] and four genes causing autosomal recessive hearing loss were detected [GJB2 (DFNB1A); MYO7A (DFNB2); MYO15A (DFNB3), and USH2A]. Nine normal hearing controls were also included. Statistical significance was achieved comparing controls and patients that revealed an excess of mutations in the hearing loss patients compared to the control group. The family with the GRHL2 c.1258-1G>A mutation is only the second family published worldwide with a mutation described in this gene to date, supporting the initial claim of this gene causing DFNA28 hearing loss. Audiogram analysis of five affected family members uncovered the progressive nature of DFNA28 hearing impairment. Regression analysis predicted the annual threshold deterioration in each of the five family members with multiple audiograms available over a number of years. N2 - Das Gehör als komplexes Sinnesorgan ist für eine einwandfreie Funktion abhängig von der Synchronisation zahlreicher Prozesse. Durch die extreme genetische Heterogenität wird die molekulare Charakterisierung einer erblich bedingten Schwerhörigkeit erschwert, da hunderte genomweit verteilter Gene eine zentrale und unersetzliche Rolle beim Hören spielen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht dieses Forschungsgebiet auf genomweiter Ebene und auf der Basis von Einzelgenen, um genetische Mutationen zu ermitteln, die eine entscheidende Rolle bei der menschlichen auditiven Wahrnehmung besitzen. Diese Arbeit beginnt mit einer Studie an 109 Personen unter Zuhilfenahme von hochauflösenden SNP-Arrays. In dieser Studie wurde eine 6,9 Mb heterozygote Deletion auf Chromosom 4q35.1q35.2 bei einem syndromalen Patienten identifiziert, die eine Übereinstimmung mit einem Chromosom 4q-Deletionssyndrom aufwies. Bei einem weiteren Patienten wurde eine 99,9 kb heterozygote Deletion der Exons 58-64 in USH2A nachgewiesen. Zwei homozygote Deletionen und fünf heterozygote Deletionen in STRC (DFNB16) wurden ebenfalls detektiert. Die homozygoten Deletionen waren ausreichend, um die Schwerhörigkeit bei beiden Patienten zu klären. Ein Sanger-Sequenzierungs-Assay wurde entwickelt, um ein Pseudogen mit einer hohen prozentualen Sequenzidentität zu STRC von der Analyse auszuschließen. Dadurch konnten drei der sechs heterozygoten Deletionspatienten mit hemizygot in silico vorhergesagten pathogenen Mutationen, c.2726A>T (p.H909L), c.4918 C>T (p.L1640F) und c.4402C>T (p.R1468X), aufgeklärt werden. Ein Patient, der eine kopieneutrale STRC Variation und keine pathogenen Kopienzahlvariationen besaß, zeigte eine compound heterozygote Mutation [c.2303_2313+1del12 (p.G768Vfs*77) und c.5125A>G (p.T1709A)] in STRC. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Beurteilung von STRC als Hörstörungsgen bisher unterschätzt wurde. Zusätzlich wird ein Patient beschrieben, der keine pathogenen Kopienzahlvariationen aufwies, aber das einzige Familienmitglied mit einer Schwerhörigkeit und einer paternalen segregierten Translokation t(10;15)(q26.13;q21.1) war. Vierundzwanzig Patienten ohne Chromosomenstörungen und der oben beschriebene Patient mit einer USH2A heterozygoten Deletion wurden mit einem Next Generation Sequencing Panel bestehend aus entweder 80 oder 129 für das Hören relevanter Gene untersucht. Der Patient mit einer USH2A heterozygoten Deletion zeigte eine zweite Mutation in diesem Gen [c.2276G>T (p.C759F)]. Diese compound heterozygote Mutation ist die wahrscheinlichste Ursache für die Schwerhörigkeit des Patienten. Neun Mutationen in Genen, die zu einem autosomal dominanten Hörverlust führen [ACTG1 (DFNA20/26); CCDC50 (DFNA44); EYA4 (DFNA10); GRHL2 (DFNA28); MYH14 (DFNA4A); MYO6 (DFNA22); TCF21], sowie zwei MYO1A (DFNA48) Mutationen und Mutationen in vier weiteren Genen, verantwortlich für autosomal rezessive Schwerhörigkeit [GJB2 (DFNB1A); MYO7A (DFNB2); MYO15A (DFNB3) und USH2A], konnten identifiziert werden. Neun normal hörende Kontrollen waren ebenfalls in diese Studie einbezogen worden. Durch einen Vergleich der Kontrollen mit den Patienten konnte eine statistische Signifikanz erreicht werden, die einen Überschuss an Mutationen bei der Patientengruppe gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe aufzeigte. Die Familie mit einer GRHL2 c.1258-1G>A Mutation ist die erst zweite Familie weltweit, die mit einer Mutation in diesem Gen publiziert worden ist. Dies unterstützt die initiale Behauptung, dass dieses Gen für eine DFNA28 Schwerhörigkeit verantwortlich ist. Die Audiogrammanalyse von fünf der betroffenen Familienmitglieder lässt eine voranschreitende Natur der DFNA28 Hörschädigung erkennen. Eine jährliche Verschlechterung der Hörschwelle bei jedem der fünf Familienmitglieder konnte eine Regressionsanalyse anhand von Audiogrammen, die über eine Anzahl von Jahren zur Verfügung standen, vorhersagen. KW - Molekularbiologie KW - Hearing loss KW - Hörverlust Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112170 N1 - Dieses Dokument wurde aus Datenschutzgründen - ohne inhaltliche Änderungen - erneut veröffentlicht. Die ursprüngliche Veröffentlichung war am: 09.07.2014 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Haaf, Thomas A1 - Vona, Barbara A1 - Nanda, Indrajit A1 - Neuner, Cordula A1 - Schröder, Jörg A1 - Kalscheuer, Vera M. A1 - Shehata-Dieler, Wafaa T1 - Terminal chromosome 4q deletion syndrome in an infant with hearing impairment and moderate syndromic features: review of literature N2 - Background Terminal deletions of chromosome 4q are associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypes including cardiac, craniofacial, digital, and cognitive impairment. The rarity of this syndrome renders genotype-phenotype correlation difficult, which is further complicated by the widely different phenotypes observed in patients sharing similar deletion intervals. Case presentation Herein, we describe a boy with congenital hearing impairment and a variety of moderate syndromic features that prompted SNP array analysis disclosing a heterozygous 6.9 Mb deletion in the 4q35.1q35.2 region, which emerged de novo in the maternal germ line. Conclusion In addition to the index patient, we review 35 cases from the literature and DECIPHER database to attempt genotype-phenotype correlations for a syndrome with great phenotypic variability. We delineate intervals with recurrent phenotypic overlap, particularly for cleft palate, congenital heart defect, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. Broad phenotypic presentation of the terminal 4q deletion syndrome is consistent with incomplete penetrance of the individual symptoms. KW - Genotype-phenotype association KW - Copy number variation KW - Parent-of-origin KW - SNP array KW - Terminal 4q deletion syndrome Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-110540 ER - TY - THES A1 - Vona, Barbara C. T1 - Molecular Characterization of Genes Involved in Hearing Loss T1 - Molekulare Charakterisierung der in Hörstörungen involvierten Genen N2 - The auditory system is an exquisitely complex sensory organ dependent upon the synchronization of numerous processes for proper function. The molecular characterization of hereditary hearing loss is complicated by extreme genetic heterogeneity, wherein hundreds of genes dispersed genome-wide play a central and irreplaceable role in normal hearing function. The present study explores this area on a genome-wide and single gene basis for the detection of genetic mutations playing critical roles in human hearing. This work initiated with a high resolution SNP array study involving 109 individuals. A 6.9 Mb heterozygous deletion on chromosome 4q35.1q35.2 was identified in a syndromic patient that was in agreement with a chromosome 4q deletion syndrome diagnosis. A 99.9 kb heterozygous deletion of exons 58-64 in USH2A was identified in one patient. Two homozygous deletions and five heterozygous deletions in STRC (DFNB16) were also detected. The homozygous deletions alone were enough to resolve the hearing impairment in the two patients. A Sanger sequencing assay was developed to exclude a pseudogene with a high percentage sequence identity to STRC from the analysis, which further solved three of the six heterozygous deletion patients with the hemizygous, in silico predicted pathogenic mutations c.2726A>T (p.H909L), c.4918C>T (p.L1640F), and c.4402C>T (p.R1468X). A single patient who was copy neutral for STRC and without pathogenic copy number variations had compound heterozygous mutations [c. 2303_2313+1del12 (p.G768Vfs*77) and c.5125A>G (p.T1709A)] in STRC. It has been shown that STRC has been previously underestimated as a hearing loss gene. One additional patient is described who does not have pathogenic copy number variation but is the only affected member of his family having hearing loss with a paternally segregating translocation t(10;15)(q26.13;q21.1). Twenty-four patients without chromosomal aberrations and the above described patient with an USH2A heterozygous deletion were subjected to a targeted hearing loss gene next generation sequencing panel consisting of either 80 or 129 hearing-relevant genes. The patient having the USH2A heterozygous deletion also disclosed a second mutation in this gene [c.2276G>T (p.C759F)]. This compound heterozygous mutation is the most likely cause of hearing loss in this patient. Nine mutations in genes conferring autosomal dominant hearing loss [ACTG1 (DFNA20/26); CCDC50 (DFNA44); EYA4 (DFNA10); GRHL2 (DFNA28); MYH14 (DFNA4A); MYO6 (DFNA22); TCF21 and twice in MYO1A (DFNA48)] and four genes causing autosomal recessive hearing loss were detected [GJB2 (DFNB1A); MYO7A (DFNB2); MYO15A (DFNB3), and USH2A]. Nine normal hearing controls were also included. Statistical significance was achieved comparing controls and patients that revealed an excess of mutations in the hearing loss patients compared to the control group. The family with the GRHL2 c.1258-1G>A mutation is only the second family published worldwide with a mutation described in this gene to date, supporting the initial claim of this gene causing DFNA28 hearing loss. Audiogram analysis of five affected family members uncovered the progressive nature of DFNA28 hearing impairment. Regression analysis predicted the annual threshold deterioration in each of the five family members with multiple audiograms available over a number of years. N2 - Das Gehör als komplexes Sinnesorgan ist für eine einwandfreie Funktion abhängig von der Synchronisation zahlreicher Prozesse. Durch die extreme genetische Heterogenität wird die molekulare Charakterisierung einer erblich bedingten Schwerhörigkeit erschwert, da hunderte genomweit verteilter Gene eine zentrale und unersetzliche Rolle beim Hören spielen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht dieses Forschungsgebiet auf genomweiter Ebene und auf der Basis von Einzelgenen, um genetische Mutationen zu ermitteln, die eine entscheidende Rolle bei der menschlichen auditiven Wahrnehmung besitzen. Diese Arbeit beginnt mit einer Studie an 109 Personen unter Zuhilfenahme von hochauflösenden SNP-Arrays. In dieser Studie wurde eine 6,9 Mb heterozygote Deletion auf Chromosom 4q35.1q35.2 bei einem syndromalen Patienten identifiziert, die eine Übereinstimmung mit einem Chromosom 4q-Deletionssyndrom aufwies. Bei einem weiteren Patienten wurde eine 99,9 kb heterozygote Deletion der Exons 58-64 in USH2A nachgewiesen. Zwei homozygote Deletionen und fünf heterozygote Deletionen in STRC (DFNB16) wurden ebenfalls detektiert. Die homozygoten Deletionen waren ausreichend, um die Schwerhörigkeit bei beiden Patienten zu klären. Ein Sanger-Sequenzierungs-Assay wurde entwickelt, um ein Pseudogen mit einer hohen prozentualen Sequenzidentität zu STRC von der Analyse auszuschließen. Dadurch konnten drei der sechs heterozygoten Deletionspatienten mit hemizygot in silico vorhergesagten pathogenen Mutationen, c.2726A>T (p.H909L), c.4918 C>T (p.L1640F) und c.4402C>T (p.R1468X), aufgeklärt werden. Ein Patient, der eine kopieneutrale STRC Variation und keine pathogenen Kopienzahlvariationen besaß, zeigte eine compound heterozygote Mutation [c.2303_2313+1del12 (p.G768Vfs*77) und c.5125A>G (p.T1709A)] in STRC. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Beurteilung von STRC als Hörstörungsgen bisher unterschätzt wurde. Zusätzlich wird ein Patient beschrieben, der keine pathogenen Kopienzahlvariationen aufwies, aber das einzige Familienmitglied mit einer Schwerhörigkeit und einer paternalen segregierten Translokation t(10;15)(q26.13;q21.1) war. Vierundzwanzig Patienten ohne Chromosomenstörungen und der oben beschriebene Patient mit einer USH2A heterozygoten Deletion wurden mit einem Next Generation Sequencing Panel bestehend aus entweder 80 oder 129 für das Hören relevanter Gene untersucht. Der Patient mit einer USH2A heterozygoten Deletion zeigte eine zweite Mutation in diesem Gen [c.2276G>T (p.C759F)]. Diese compound heterozygote Mutation ist die wahrscheinlichste Ursache für die Schwerhörigkeit des Patienten. Neun Mutationen in Genen, die zu einem autosomal dominanten Hörverlust führen [ACTG1 (DFNA20/26); CCDC50 (DFNA44); EYA4 (DFNA10); GRHL2 (DFNA28); MYH14 (DFNA4A); MYO6 (DFNA22); TCF21], sowie zwei MYO1A (DFNA48) Mutationen und Mutationen in vier weiteren Genen, verantwortlich für autosomal rezessive Schwerhörigkeit [GJB2 (DFNB1A); MYO7A (DFNB2); MYO15A (DFNB3) und USH2A], konnten identifiziert werden. Neun normal hörende Kontrollen waren ebenfalls in diese Studie einbezogen worden. Durch einen Vergleich der Kontrollen mit den Patienten konnte eine statistische Signifikanz erreicht werden, die einen Überschuss an Mutationen bei der Patientengruppe gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe aufzeigte. Die Familie mit einer GRHL2 c.1258-1G>A Mutation ist die erst zweite Familie weltweit, die mit einer Mutation in diesem Gen publiziert worden ist. Dies unterstützt die initiale Behauptung, dass dieses Gen für eine DFNA28 Schwerhörigkeit verantwortlich ist. Die Audiogrammanalyse von fünf der betroffenen Familienmitglieder lässt eine voranschreitende Natur der DFNA28 Hörschädigung erkennen. Eine jährliche Verschlechterung der Hörschwelle bei jedem der fünf Familienmitglieder konnte eine Regressionsanalyse anhand von Audiogrammen, die über eine Anzahl von Jahren zur Verfügung standen, vorhersagen. KW - Hearing loss KW - Molekularbiologie KW - Hörverlust Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-98031 N1 - Aus datenschutzrechtlichen Gründen wurde der Zugriff auf den Volltext zu diesem Dokument gesperrt. Eine inhaltlich identische neue Version ist erhältlich unter: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112170 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bahena, Paulina A1 - Daftarian, Narsis A1 - Maroofian, Reza A1 - Linares, Paola A1 - Villalobos, Daniel A1 - Mirrahimi, Mehraban A1 - Rad, Aboulfazl A1 - Doll, Julia A1 - Hofrichter, Michaela A. H. A1 - Koparir, Asuman A1 - Röder, Tabea A1 - Han, Seungbin A1 - Sabbaghi, Hamideh A1 - Ahmadieh, Hamid A1 - Behboudi, Hassan A1 - Villanueva-Mendoza, Cristina A1 - Cortés-Gonzalez, Vianney A1 - Zamora-Ortiz, Rocio A1 - Kohl, Susanne A1 - Kuehlewein, Laura A1 - Darvish, Hossein A1 - Alehabib, Elham A1 - La Arenas-Sordo, Maria de Luz A1 - Suri, Fatemeh A1 - Vona, Barbara A1 - Haaf, Thomas T1 - Unraveling the genetic complexities of combined retinal dystrophy and hearing impairment JF - Human Genetics N2 - Usher syndrome, the most prevalent cause of combined hereditary vision and hearing impairment, is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Moreover, several conditions with phenotypes overlapping Usher syndrome have been described. This makes the molecular diagnosis of hereditary deaf-blindness challenging. Here, we performed exome sequencing and analysis on 7 Mexican and 52 Iranian probands with combined retinal degeneration and hearing impairment (without intellectual disability). Clinical assessment involved ophthalmological examination and hearing loss questionnaire. Usher syndrome, most frequently due to biallelic variants in MYO7A (USH1B in 16 probands), USH2A (17 probands), and ADGRV1 (USH2C in 7 probands), was diagnosed in 44 of 59 (75%) unrelated probands. Almost half of the identified variants were novel. Nine of 59 (15%) probands displayed other genetic entities with dual sensory impairment, including Alström syndrome (3 patients), cone-rod dystrophy and hearing loss 1 (2 probands), and Heimler syndrome (1 patient). Unexpected findings included one proband each with Scheie syndrome, coenzyme Q10 deficiency, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. In four probands, including three Usher cases, dual sensory impairment was either modified/aggravated or caused by variants in distinct genes associated with retinal degeneration and/or hearing loss. The overall diagnostic yield of whole exome analysis in our deaf-blind cohort was 92%. Two (3%) probands were partially solved and only 3 (5%) remained without any molecular diagnosis. In many cases, the molecular diagnosis is important to guide genetic counseling, to support prognostic outcomes and decisions with currently available and evolving treatment modalities. KW - Usher syndrome KW - hearing impairment KW - combined retinal dystrophy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267750 SN - 1432-1203 VL - 141 IS - 3-4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Doll, Julia A1 - Kolb, Susanne A1 - Schnapp, Linda A1 - Rad, Aboulfazl A1 - Rüschendorf, Franz A1 - Khan, Imran A1 - Adli, Abolfazl A1 - Hasanzadeh, Atefeh A1 - Liedtke, Daniel A1 - Knaup, Sabine A1 - Hofrichter, Michaela AH A1 - Müller, Tobias A1 - Dittrich, Marcus A1 - Kong, Il-Keun A1 - Kim, Hyung-Goo A1 - Haaf, Thomas A1 - Vona, Barbara T1 - Novel loss-of-function variants in CDC14A are associated with recessive sensorineural hearing loss in Iranian and Pakistani patients JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences N2 - CDC14A encodes the Cell Division Cycle 14A protein and has been associated with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (DFNB32), as well as hearing impairment and infertile male syndrome (HIIMS) since 2016. To date, only nine variants have been associated in patients whose initial symptoms included moderate-to-profound hearing impairment. Exome analysis of Iranian and Pakistani probands who both showed bilateral, sensorineural hearing loss revealed a novel splice site variant (c.1421+2T>C, p.?) that disrupts the splice donor site and a novel frameshift variant (c.1041dup, p.Ser348Glnfs*2) in the gene CDC14A, respectively. To evaluate the pathogenicity of both loss-of-function variants, we analyzed the effects of both variants on the RNA-level. The splice variant was characterized using a minigene assay. Altered expression levels due to the c.1041dup variant were assessed using RT-qPCR. In summary, cDNA analysis confirmed that the c.1421+2T>C variant activates a cryptic splice site, resulting in a truncated transcript (c.1414_1421del, p.Val472Leufs*20) and the c.1041dup variant results in a defective transcript that is likely degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The present study functionally characterizes two variants and provides further confirmatory evidence that CDC14A is associated with a rare form of hereditary hearing loss. KW - CDC14A KW - DFNB32 KW - autosomal recessive hearing loss KW - exome sequencing KW - splicing KW - frameshift KW - non-sense mediated mRNA decay Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285142 SN - 1422-0067 VL - 21 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hofrichter, Michaela A. H. A1 - Mojarad, Majid A1 - Doll, Julia A1 - Grimm, Clemens A1 - Eslahi, Atiye A1 - Hosseini, Neda Sadat A1 - Rajati, Mohsen A1 - Müller, Tobias A1 - Dittrich, Marcus A1 - Maroofian, Reza A1 - Haaf, Thomas A1 - Vona, Barbara T1 - The conserved p.Arg108 residue in S1PR2 (DFNB68) is fundamental for proper hearing: evidence from a consanguineous Iranian family JF - BMC Medical Genetics N2 - Background: Genetic heterogeneity and consanguineous marriages make recessive inherited hearing loss in Iran the second most common genetic disorder. Only two reported pathogenic variants (c.323G>C, p.Arg108Pro and c.419A>G, p.Tyr140Cys) in the S1PR2 gene have previously been linked to autosomal recessive hearing loss (DFNB68) in two Pakistani families. We describe a segregating novel homozygous c.323G>A, p.Arg108Gln pathogenic variant in S1PR2 that was identified in four affected individuals from a consanguineous five generation Iranian family. Methods: Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of 116 hearing loss-associated genes was performed in an affected individual from a five generation Iranian family. Segregation analysis and 3D protein modeling of the p.Arg108 exchange was performed. Results: The two Pakistani families previously identified with S1PR2 pathogenic variants presented profound hearing loss that is also observed in the affected Iranian individuals described in the current study. Interestingly, we confirmed mixed hearing loss in one affected individual. 3D protein modeling suggests that the p.Arg108 position plays a key role in ligand receptor interaction, which is disturbed by the p.Arg108Gln change. Conclusion: In summary, we report the third overall mutation in S1PR2 and the first report outside the Pakistani population. Furthermore, we describe a novel variant that causes an amino acid exchange (p.Arg108Gln) in the same amino acid residue as one of the previously reported Pakistani families (p.Arg108Pro). This finding emphasizes the importance of the p.Arg108 amino acid in normal hearing and confirms and consolidates the role of S1PR2 in autosomal recessive hearing loss. KW - 3D modeling KW - autosomal recessive non-synstromic hearing loss KW - DFNB68 KW - mixed hearing loss KW - whole exome sequencing KW - S1PR2 Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175755 VL - 19 IS - 81 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Doll, Julia A1 - Vona, Barbara A1 - Schnapp, Linda A1 - Rüschendorf, Franz A1 - Khan, Imran A1 - Khan, Saadullah A1 - Muhammad, Noor A1 - Alam Khan, Sher A1 - Nawaz, Hamed A1 - Khan, Ajmal A1 - Ahmad, Naseer A1 - Kolb, Susanne M. A1 - Kühlewein, Laura A1 - Labonne, Jonathan D. J. A1 - Layman, Lawrence C. A1 - Hofrichter, Michaela A. H. A1 - Röder, Tabea A1 - Dittrich, Marcus A1 - Müller, Tobias A1 - Graves, Tyler D. A1 - Kong, Il-Keun A1 - Nanda, Indrajit A1 - Kim, Hyung-Goo A1 - Haaf, Thomas T1 - Genetic Spectrum of Syndromic and Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss in Pakistani Families JF - Genes N2 - The current molecular genetic diagnostic rates for hereditary hearing loss (HL) vary considerably according to the population background. Pakistan and other countries with high rates of consanguineous marriages have served as a unique resource for studying rare and novel forms of recessive HL. A combined exome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and gene mapping approach for 21 consanguineous Pakistani families revealed 13 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the genes GJB2, MYO7A, FGF3, CDC14A, SLITRK6, CDH23, and MYO15A, with an overall resolve rate of 61.9%. GJB2 and MYO7A were the most frequently involved genes in this cohort. All the identified variants were either homozygous or compound heterozygous, with two of them not previously described in the literature (15.4%). Overall, seven missense variants (53.8%), three nonsense variants (23.1%), two frameshift variants (15.4%), and one splice-site variant (7.7%) were observed. Syndromic HL was identified in five (23.8%) of the 21 families studied. This study reflects the extreme genetic heterogeneity observed in HL and expands the spectrum of variants in deafness-associated genes. KW - genetic diagnosis KW - consanguinity KW - genome-wide linkage analysis KW - hearing loss KW - Pakistan KW - exome sequencing Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219293 SN - 2073-4425 VL - 11 IS - 11 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lekszas, Caroline A1 - Nanda, Indrajit A1 - Vona, Barbara A1 - Böck, Julia A1 - Ashrafzadeh, Farah A1 - Donyadideh, Nahid A1 - Ebrahimzadeh, Farnoosh A1 - Ahangari, Najmeh A1 - Maroofian, Reza A1 - Karimiani, Ehsan Ghayoor A1 - Haaf, Thomas T1 - Unbalanced segregation of a paternal t(9;11)(p24.3;p15.4) translocation causing familial Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: a case report JF - BMC Medical Genomics N2 - Background The vast majority of cases with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) are caused by a molecular defect in the imprinted chromosome region 11p15.5. The underlying mechanisms include epimutations, uniparental disomy, copy number variations, and structural rearrangements. In addition, maternal loss-of-function mutations in CDKN1C are found. Despite growing knowledge on BWS pathogenesis, up to 20% of patients with BWS phenotype remain without molecular diagnosis. Case presentation Herein, we report an Iranian family with two females affected with BWS in different generations. Bisulfite pyrosequencing revealed hypermethylation of the H19/IGF2: intergenic differentially methylated region (IG DMR), also known as imprinting center 1 (IC1) and hypomethylation of the KCNQ1OT1: transcriptional start site (TSS) DMR (IC2). Array CGH demonstrated an 8 Mb duplication on chromosome 11p15.5p15.4 (205,827-8,150,933) and a 1 Mb deletion on chromosome 9p24.3 (209,020-1,288,114). Chromosome painting revealed that this duplication-deficiency in both patients is due to unbalanced segregation of a paternal reciprocal t(9;11)(p24.3;p15.4) translocation. Conclusions This is the first report of a paternally inherited unbalanced translocation between the chromosome 9 and 11 short arms underlying familial BWS. Copy number variations involving the 11p15.5 region are detected by the consensus diagnostic algorithm. However, in complex cases which do not only affect the BWS region itself, characterization of submicroscopic chromosome rearrangements can assist to estimate the recurrence risk and possible phenotypic outcomes. KW - Familial Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome KW - copy number variation KW - duplication-deficiency KW - genomic imprinting KW - submicroscopic chromosome rearrangement KW - reciprocal translocation Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-200422 VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vona, Barbara A1 - Mazaheri, Neda A1 - Lin, Sheng-Jia A1 - Dunbar, Lucy A. A1 - Maroofian, Reza A1 - Azaiez, Hela A1 - Booth, Kevin T. A1 - Vitry, Sandrine A1 - Rad, Aboulfazl A1 - Rüschendorf, Franz A1 - Varshney, Pratishtha A1 - Fowler, Ben A1 - Beetz, Christian A1 - Alagramam, Kumar N. A1 - Murphy, David A1 - Shariati, Gholamreza A1 - Sedaghat, Alireza A1 - Houlden, Henry A1 - Petree, Cassidy A1 - VijayKumar, Shruthi A1 - Smith, Richard J. H. A1 - Haaf, Thomas A1 - El-Amraoui, Aziz A1 - Bowl, Michael R. A1 - Varshney, Gaurav K. A1 - Galehdari, Hamid T1 - A biallelic variant in CLRN2 causes non-syndromic hearing loss in humans JF - Human Genetics N2 - Deafness, the most frequent sensory deficit in humans, is extremely heterogeneous with hundreds of genes involved. Clinical and genetic analyses of an extended consanguineous family with pre-lingual, moderate-to-profound autosomal recessive sensorineural hearing loss, allowed us to identify CLRN2, encoding a tetraspan protein, as a new deafness gene. Homozygosity mapping followed by exome sequencing identified a 14.96 Mb locus on chromosome 4p15.32p15.1 containing a likely pathogenic missense variant in CLRN2 (c.494C > A, NM_001079827.2) segregating with the disease. Using in vitro RNA splicing analysis, we show that the CLRN2 c.494C > A variant leads to two events: (1) the substitution of a highly conserved threonine (uncharged amino acid) to lysine (charged amino acid) at position 165, p.(Thr165Lys), and (2) aberrant splicing, with the retention of intron 2 resulting in a stop codon after 26 additional amino acids, p.(Gly146Lysfs*26). Expression studies and phenotyping of newly produced zebrafish and mouse models deficient for clarin 2 further confirm that clarin 2, expressed in the inner ear hair cells, is essential for normal organization and maintenance of the auditory hair bundles, and for hearing function. Together, our findings identify CLRN2 as a new deafness gene, which will impact future diagnosis and treatment for deaf patients. KW - deafness KW - CLRN2 KW - gene Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-267740 SN - 1432-1203 VL - 140 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vona, Barbara A1 - Nanda, Indrajit A1 - Shehata-Dieler, Wafaa A1 - Haaf, Thomas T1 - Genetics of Tinnitus: Still in its Infancy JF - Frontiers in Neuroscience N2 - Tinnitus is the perception of a phantom sound that affects between 10 and 15% of the general population. Despite this considerable prevalence, treatments for tinnitus are presently lacking. Tinnitus exhibits a diverse array of recognized risk factors and extreme clinical heterogeneity. Furthermore, it can involve an unknown number of auditory and non-auditory networks and molecular pathways. This complex combination has hampered advancements in the field. The identification of specific genetic factors has been at the forefront of several research investigations in the past decade. Nine studies have examined genes in a case-control association approach. Recently, a genome-wide association study has highlighted several potentially significant pathways that are implicated in tinnitus. Two twin studies have calculated a moderate heritability for tinnitus and disclosed a greater concordance rate in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins. Despite the more recent data alluding to genetic factors in tinnitus, a strong association with any specific genetic locus is lacking and a genetic study with sufficient statistical power has yet to be designed. Future research endeavors must overcome the many inherent limitations in previous study designs. This review summarizes the previously embarked upon tinnitus genetic investigations and summarizes the hurdles that have been encountered. The identification of candidate genes responsible for tinnitus may afford gene based diagnostic approaches, effective therapy development, and personalized therapeutic intervention. KW - twin study KW - complex disorders KW - genetics KW - genetic heterogeneity KW - genome-wide association study (GWAS) KW - hearing loss KW - tinnitus Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170926 VL - 11 IS - 236 ER -