TY - JOUR A1 - Born, Dennis-Peter A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer A1 - Goernet, Florian A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - A novel compression garment with adhesive silicone stripes improves repeated sprint performance – a multi-experimental approach on the underlying mechanisms JF - BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation N2 - Background Repeated sprint performance is determined by explosive production of power, as well as rapid recovery between successive sprints, and there is evidence that compression garments and sports taping can improve both of these factors. Methods In each of two sub-studies, female athletes performed two sets of 30 30-m sprints (one sprint per minute), one set wearing compression garment with adhesive silicone stripes (CGSS) intended to mimic taping and the other with normal clothing, in randomized order. Sub-study 1 (n = 12) focused on cardio-respiratory, metabolic, hemodynamic and perceptual responses, while neuronal and biomechanical parameters were examined in sub-study 2 (n = 12). Results In both sub-studies the CGSS improved repeated sprint performance during the final 10 sprints (best P < 0.01, d = 0.61). None of the cardio-respiratory or metabolic variables monitored were altered by wearing this garment (best P = 0.06, d = 0.71). Also during the final 10 sprints, rating of perceived exertion by the upper leg muscles was reduced (P = 0.01, d = 1.1), step length increased (P = 0.01, d = 0.91) and activation of the m. rectus femoris elevated (P = 0.01, d = 1.24), while the hip flexion angle was lowered throughout the protocol (best P < 0.01, d = 2.28) and step frequency (best P = 0.34, d = 0.2) remained unaltered. Conclusion Although the physiological parameters monitored were unchanged, the CGSS appears to improve performance during 30 30-m repeated sprints by reducing perceived exertion and altering running technique. KW - textile KW - tissue saturation index KW - venous system KW - video analysis KW - oxygen uptake KW - blood flow KW - clothing KW - oscillation KW - oxygenation Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120591 SN - 2052-1847 VL - 6 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Born, Dennis-Peter A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer A1 - Goernert, Florian A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - A novel compression garment with adhesive silicone stripes improves repeated sprint performance – a multi-experimental approach on the underlying mechanisms JF - BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation N2 - Background Repeated sprint performance is determined by explosive production of power, as well as rapid recovery between successive sprints, and there is evidence that compression garments and sports taping can improve both of these factors. Methods In each of two sub-studies, female athletes performed two sets of 30 30-m sprints (one sprint per minute), one set wearing compression garment with adhesive silicone stripes (CGSS) intended to mimic taping and the other with normal clothing, in randomized order. Sub-study 1 (n = 12) focused on cardio-respiratory, metabolic, hemodynamic and perceptual responses, while neuronal and biomechanical parameters were examined in sub-study 2 (n = 12). Results In both sub-studies the CGSS improved repeated sprint performance during the final 10 sprints (best P < 0.01, d = 0.61). None of the cardio-respiratory or metabolic variables monitored were altered by wearing this garment (best P = 0.06, d = 0.71). Also during the final 10 sprints, rating of perceived exertion by the upper leg muscles was reduced (P = 0.01, d = 1.1), step length increased (P = 0.01, d = 0.91) and activation of the m. rectus femoris elevated (P = 0.01, d = 1.24), while the hip flexion angle was lowered throughout the protocol (best P < 0.01, d = 2.28) and step frequency (best P = 0.34, d = 0.2) remained unaltered. Conclusion Although the physiological parameters monitored were unchanged, the CGSS appears to improve performance during 30 30-m repeated sprints by reducing perceived exertion and altering running technique. KW - tissue saturation index KW - blood flow KW - clothing KW - oscillation KW - oxygenation KW - oxygen uptake KW - textile KW - venous system KW - video analysis Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116995 UR - http://www.biomedcentral.com/2052-1847/6/21 VL - 6 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperlich, Paula F. A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer A1 - Reed, Jennifer L. A1 - Zinner, Christoph A1 - Mester, Joachim A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - Individual versus standardized running protocols in the determination of VO\(_{2max}\) JF - Journal of Sports Science and Medicine N2 - The purpose of this study was to determine whether an individually designed incremental exercise protocol results in greater rates of oxygen uptake VO\(_{2max}\) than standardized testing. Fourteen well-trained, male runners performed five incremental protocols in randomized order to measure their VO\(_{2max}\): i) an incremental test (INC\(_{S+I}\)) with pre-defined increases in speed (2 min at 8.64 km.h\(^{-1}\), then a rise of 1.44 km.h\(^{-1}\) every 30 s up to 14.4 km.h\(^{-1}\)) and thereafter inclination (0.5.every 30 s); ii) an incremental test (INC\(_{I}\)) at constant speed (14.4 km.h\(^{-1}\)) and increasing inclination (2 degrees every 2 min from the initial 0 degrees); iii) an incremental test (INC\(_{S}\)) at constant inclination (0 degrees) and increasing speed (0.5 km.h\(^{-1}\) every 30 s from the initial 12.0 km.h\(^{-1}\)); iv) a graded exercise protocol (GXP) at a 1 degrees incline with increasing speed (initially 8.64 km.h\(^{-1}\) + 1.44 km.h\(^{-1}\) every 5 min); v) an individual exercise protocol (INDXP) in which the runner chose the inclination and speed. VO\(_{2max}\) was lowest (-4.2%) during the GXP (p = 0.01; d = 0.06 - 0.61) compared to all other tests. The highest rating of perceived exertion, heart rate, ventilation and end-exercise blood lactate concentration were similar between the different protocols (p < 0.05). The time to exhaustion ranged from 7 min 18 sec (INC\(_{S}\)) to 25 min 30 sec (GXP) (p = 0.01). The VO\(_{2max}\) attained by employing an individual treadmill protocol does not differ from the values derived from various standardized incremental protocols. KW - maximum oxygen uptake KW - aerobic power KW - treadmill running KW - ramp test KW - treadmill protocol Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-151890 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zinner, Christoph A1 - Hauser, Anna A1 - Born, Dennis-Peter A1 - Wehrlin, Jon P. A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - Influence of Hypoxic Interval Training and Hyperoxic Recovery on Muscle Activation and Oxygenation in Connection with Double-Poling Exercise JF - PLoS One N2 - Here, we evaluated the influence of breathing oxygen at different partial pressures during recovery from exercise on performance at sea-level and a simulated altitude of 1800 m, as reflected in activation of different upper body muscles, and oxygenation of the m. triceps brachii. Ten well-trained, male endurance athletes (25.3±4.1 yrs; 179.2±4.5 cm; 74.2±3.4 kg) performed four test trials, each involving three 3-min sessions on a double-poling ergometer with 3-min intervals of recovery. One trial was conducted entirely under normoxic (No) and another under hypoxic conditions \((Ho; F_iO_2 = 0.165)\). In the third and fourth trials, the exercise was performed in normoxia and hypoxia, respectively, with hyperoxic recovery \((HOX; F_iO_2 = 1.00)\) in both cases. Arterial hemoglobin saturation was higher under the two HOX conditions than without HOX (p<0.05). Integrated muscle electrical activity was not influenced by the oxygen content (best d = 0.51). Furthermore, the only difference in tissue saturation index measured via near-infrared spectroscopy observed was between the recovery periods during the NoNo and HoHOX interventions (P<0.05, d = 0.93). In the case of HoHo the athletes’ \(P_{mean}\) declined from the first to the third interval (P < 0.05), whereas Pmean was unaltered under the HoHOX, NoHOX and NoNo conditions. We conclude that the less pronounced decline in \(P_{mean}\) during 3 x 3-min double-poling sprints in normoxia and hypoxia with hyperoxic recovery is not related to changes in muscle activity or oxygenation. Moreover, we conclude that hyperoxia \((F_iO_2 = 1.00)\) used in conjunction with hypoxic or normoxic work intervals may serve as an effective aid when inhaled during the subsequent recovery intervals. KW - triceps KW - bood KW - medical hypoxia KW - blood KW - arms KW - hyperoxia KW - breathing KW - near-infrared spectroscopy Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126299 VL - 10 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Düking, Peter A1 - Hotho, Andreas A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer A1 - Fuss, Franz Konstantin A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - Comparison of Non-Invasive Individual Monitoring of the Training and Health of Athletes with Commercially Available Wearable Technologies JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Athletes adapt their training daily to optimize performance, as well as avoid fatigue, overtraining and other undesirable effects on their health. To optimize training load, each athlete must take his/her own personal objective and subjective characteristics into consideration and an increasing number of wearable technologies (wearables) provide convenient monitoring of various parameters. Accordingly, it is important to help athletes decide which parameters are of primary interest and which wearables can monitor these parameters most effectively. Here, we discuss the wearable technologies available for non-invasive monitoring of various parameters concerning an athlete's training and health. On the basis of these considerations, we suggest directions for future development. Furthermore, we propose that a combination of several wearables is most effective for accessing all relevant parameters, disturbing the athlete as little as possible, and optimizing performance and promoting health. KW - sports technology KW - wearable technologies KW - performance parameters KW - health monitoring KW - performance monitoring Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165516 VL - 7 IS - 71 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperlich, Billy A1 - Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit A1 - Zinner, Christoph A1 - Von Stauffenberg, Valerie A1 - Losert, Helena A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer T1 - Functional High-intensity Circuit Training Improves Body Composition,Peak Oxygen Uptake, Strength, and Alters Certain Dimensions of Quality of Life in Overweight Women JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - The effects of circuit-like functional high-intensity training (Circuit\(_{HIIT}\)) alone or in combination with high-volume low-intensity exercise (Circuit\(_{combined}\)) on selected cardio-respiratory and metabolic parameters, body composition, functional strength and the quality of life of overweight women were compared. In this single-center, two-armed randomized, controlled study, overweight women performed 9-weeks (3 sessions·wk\(^{−1}\)) of either Circuit\(_{HIIT}\) (n = 11), or Circuit\(_{combined}\) (n = 8). Peak oxygen uptake and perception of physical pain were increased to a greater extent (p < 0.05) by Circuit\(_{HIIT}\), whereas Circuit\(_{combined}\) improved perception of general health more (p < 0.05). Both interventions lowered body mass, body-mass-index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, and enhanced fat-free mass; decreased ratings of perceived exertion during submaximal treadmill running; improved the numbers of push-ups, burpees, one-legged squats, and 30-s skipping performed, as well as the height of counter-movement jumps; and improved physical and social functioning, role of physical limitations, vitality, role of emotional limitations, and mental health to a similar extent (all p < 0.05). Either forms of these multi-stimulating, circuit-like, multiple-joint training can be employed to improve body composition, selected variables of functional strength, and certain dimensions of quality of life in overweight women. However, Circuit\(_{HIIT}\) improves peak oxygen uptake to a greater extent, but with more perception of pain, whereas Circuit\(_{Combined}\) results in better perception of general health. KW - power training KW - aerobic fitness KW - body composition KW - female KW - functional training KW - interval training Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171015 VL - 8 IS - 172 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperlich, Billy A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer T1 - The responses of elite athletes to exercise: an all-day, 24-h integrative view is required! JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - No abstract available. KW - physiological KW - athletes KW - wearable sensors KW - training intensity distribution KW - monitoring KW - biofeedback Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158655 VL - 8 IS - 564 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperlich, Billy A1 - Düking, Peter A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer T1 - A SWOT analysis of the use and potential misuse of implantable monitoring devices by athletes JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Kein Abstract vorhanden. KW - ingestible sensor KW - sensor assessment KW - implant KW - implantable neurostimulators KW - athletes Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158742 VL - 8 IS - 629 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Düking, Peter A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer A1 - Sperlich, Billy T1 - Instant Biofeedback Provided by Wearable Sensor Technology Can Help to Optimize Exercise and Prevent Injury and Overuse JF - Frontiers in Physiology KW - sports KW - training optimization KW - performance monitoring KW - health monitoring KW - technology KW - coaching Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158044 VL - 8 IS - 167 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperlich, Billy A1 - Hahn, Lea-Sofie A1 - Edel, Antonia A1 - Behr, Tino A1 - Helmprobst, Julian A1 - Leppich, Robert A1 - Wallmann-Sperlich, Birgit A1 - Holmberg, Hans-Christer T1 - A 4-week intervention involving mobile-based daily 6-minute micro-sessions of functional high-intensity circuit training improves strength and quality of life, but not cardio-respiratory fitness of young untrained adults JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - The present study was designed to assess the psycho-physiological responses of physically untrained individuals to mobile-based multi-stimulating, circuit-like, multiple-joint conditioning (Circuit\(_{HIIT}\)) performed either once (1xCircuitHIIT) or twice (2xCircuit\(_{HIIT}\)) daily for 4 weeks. In this single-center, two-arm randomized, controlled study, 24 men and women (age: 25 ± 5 years) first received no training instructions for 4 weeks and then performed 4 weeks of either 1xCircuitHIIT or 2xCircuit\(_{HIIT}\) (5 men and 7 women in each group) daily. The 1xCircuitHIIT and 2xCircuit\(_{HIIT}\) participants carried out 90.7 and 85.7% of all planned training sessions, respectively, with average heart rates during the 6-min sessions of 74.3 and 70.8% of maximal heart rate. Body, fat and fat-free mass, and metabolic rate at rest did not differ between the groups or between time-points of measurement. Heart rate while running at 6 km⋅h\(^{-1}\) declined after the intervention in both groups. Submaximal and peak oxygen uptake, the respiratory exchange ratio and heart rate recovery were not altered by either intervention. The maximal numbers of push-ups, leg-levers, burpees, 45°-one-legged squats and 30-s skipping, as well as perception of general health improved in both groups. Our 1xCircuit\(_{HIIT}\) or 2xCircuit\(_{HIIT}\) interventions improved certain parameters of functional strength and certain dimensions of quality of life in young untrained individuals. However, they were not sufficient to enhance cardio-respiratory fitness, in particular peak oxygen uptake. KW - aerobic fitness KW - body composition KW - functional training KW - mHealth KW - power training KW - V800 KW - wearable KW - web-based apps Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176565 VL - 9 IS - 423 ER -