TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aupperle-Lellbach, Heike
A1  - Heidrich, Daniela
A1  - Kehl, Alexandra
A1  - Conrad, David
A1  - Brockmann, Maria
A1  - Törner, Katrin
A1  - Beitzinger, Christoph
A1  - Müller, Tobias
T1  - KITLG copy number germline variations in schnauzer breeds and their relevance in digital squamous cell carcinoma in black giant schnauzers
JF  - Veterinary Sciences
N2  - Copy number variations (CNVs) of the KITLG gene seem to be involved in the oncogenesis of digital squamous cell carcinoma (dSCC). The aims of this study were (1) to investigate KITLG CNV in giant (GS), standard (SS), and miniature (MS) schnauzers and (2) to compare KITLG CNV between black GS with and without dSCC. Blood samples from black GS (22 with and 17 without dSCC), black SS (18 with and 4 without dSSC; 5 unknown), and 50 MS (unknown dSSC status and coat colour) were analysed by digital droplet PCR. The results are that (1) most dogs had a copy number (CN) value > 4 (range 2.5–7.6) with no significant differences between GS, SS, and MS, and (2) the CN value in black GS with dSCC was significantly higher than in those without dSCC (p = 0.02). CN values > 5.8 indicate a significantly increased risk for dSCC, while CN values < 4.7 suggest a reduced risk for dSCC (grey area: 4.7–5.8). Diagnostic testing for KITLG CNV may sensitise owners to the individual risk of their black GS for dSCC. Further studies should investigate the relevance of KITLG CNV in SS and the protective effects in MS, who rarely suffer from dSCC.
KW  - tumour
KW  - toe
KW  - miniature schnauzer
KW  - standard schnauzer
KW  - CNV
KW  - ddPCR
KW  - breed predisposition
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-303913
SN  - 2306-7381
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oberdörfer, Sebastian
A1  - Heidrich, David
A1  - Birnstiel, Sandra
A1  - Latoschik, Marc Erich
T1  - Enchanted by Your Surrounding? Measuring the Effects of Immersion and Design of Virtual Environments on Decision-Making
JF  - Frontiers in Virtual Reality
N2  - Impaired decision-making leads to the inability to distinguish between advantageous and disadvantageous choices. The impairment of a person’s decision-making is a common goal of gambling games. Given the recent trend of gambling using immersive Virtual Reality it is crucial to investigate the effects of both immersion and the virtual environment (VE) on decision-making. In a novel user study, we measured decision-making using three virtual versions of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The versions differed with regard to the degree of immersion and design of the virtual environment. While emotions affect decision-making, we further measured the positive and negative affect of participants. A higher visual angle on a stimulus leads to an increased emotional response. Thus, we kept the visual angle on the Iowa Gambling Task the same between our conditions. Our results revealed no significant impact of immersion or the VE on the IGT. We further found no significant difference between the conditions with regard to positive and negative affect. This suggests that neither the medium used nor the design of the VE causes an impairment of decision-making. However, in combination with a recent study, we provide first evidence that a higher visual angle on the IGT leads to an effect of impairment.
KW  - virtual reality
KW  - virtual environments
KW  - immersion
KW  - decision-making
KW  - iowa gambling task
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260101
VL  - 2
ER  -