TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witte, Robert
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Lamprecht, Anna
A1  - Schorr, Fabian
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - C−C and C−N Bond Activation, Lewis‐Base Coordination and One‐ and Two‐Electron Oxidation at a Linear Aminoborylene
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - A cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)‐stabilized dicoordinate aminoborylene is synthesized by the twofold reduction of a [(CAAC)BCl\(_{2}\)(TMP)] (TMP=2,6‐tetramethylpiperidyl) precursor. NMR‐spectroscopic, X‐ray crystallographic and computational analyses confirm the cumulenic nature of the central C=B=N moiety. Irradiation of [(CAAC)B(TMP)] (2) resulted in an intramolecular C−C bond activation, leading to a doubly‐fused C\(_{10}\)BN heterocycle, while the reaction with acetonitrile resulted in an aryl migration from the CAAC to the acetonitrile nitrogen atom, concomitant with tautomerization of the latter to a boron‐bound allylamino ligand. One‐electron oxidation of 2 with CuX (X=Cl, Br) afforded the corresponding amino(halo)boryl radicals, which were characterized by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Placing 2 under an atmosphere of CO afforded the tricoordinate (CAAC,CO)‐stabilized aminoborylene. Finally, the twofold oxidation of 2 with chalcogens led, in the case of N\(_{2}\)O and sulfur, to the splitting of the B−C\(_{CAAC}\) bond and formation of the 2,4‐diamino‐1,3,2,4‐dichalcogenadiboretanes and CAAC‐chalcogen adducts, whereas with selenium a monomeric boraselenone was isolated, which showed some degree of B−Se multiple bonding.
KW  - bond activation
KW  - boraselenone
KW  - dicoordinate borylene
KW  - one-electron oxidation
KW  - push-pull stabilization
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312491
VL  - 29
IS  - 16
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kole, Goutam Kumar
A1  - Košćak, Marta
A1  - Amar, Anissa
A1  - Majhen, Dragomira
A1  - Božinović, Ksenija
A1  - Brkljaca, Zlatko
A1  - Ferger, Matthias
A1  - Michail, Evripidis
A1  - Lorenzen, Sabine
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Moos, Michael
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Boucekkine, Abdou
A1  - Lambert, Christoph
A1  - Halet, Jean‐François
A1  - Piantanida, Ivo
A1  - Müller‐Buschbaum, Klaus
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Methyl Viologens of Bis‐(4’‐Pyridylethynyl)Arenes – Structures, Photophysical and Electrochemical Studies, and their Potential Application in Biology
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - A series of bis‐(4’‐pyridylethynyl)arenes (arene=benzene, tetrafluorobenzene, and anthracene) were synthesized and their bis‐N‐methylpyridinium compounds were investigated as a class of π‐extended methyl viologens. Their structures were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties (cyclic voltammetry), as well as their interactions with DNA/RNA were investigated. The dications showed bathochromic shifts in emission compared to the neutral compounds. The neutral compounds showed very small Stokes shifts, which are a little larger for the dications. All of the compounds showed very short fluorescence lifetimes (<4 ns). The neutral compound with an anthracene core has a quantum yield of almost unity. With stronger acceptors, the analogous bis‐N‐methylpyridinium compound showed a larger two‐photon absorption cross‐section than its neutral precursor. All of the dicationic compounds interact with DNA/RNA; while the compounds with benzene and tetrafluorobenzene cores bind in the grooves, the one with an anthracene core intercalates as a consequence of its large, condensed aromatic linker moiety, and it aggregates within the polynucleotide when in excess over DNA/RNA. Moreover, all cationic compounds showed highly specific CD spectra upon binding to ds‐DNA/RNA, attributed to the rare case of forcing the planar, achiral molecule into a chiral rotamer, and negligible toxicity toward human cell lines at ≤10 μM concentrations. The anthracene‐analogue exhibited intracellular accumulation within lysosomes, preventing its interaction with cellular DNA/RNA. However, cytotoxicity was evident at 1 μM concentration upon exposure to light, due to singlet oxygen generation within cells. These multi‐faceted features, in combination with its two‐photon absorption properties, suggest it to be a promising lead compound for development of novel light‐activated theranostic agents.
KW  - cell imaging
KW  - DNA/RNA binding
KW  - methyl viologen
KW  - singlet oxygen
KW  - two-photon absorption
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287126
VL  - 28
IS  - 40
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brückner, Tobias
A1  - Ritschel, Benedikt
A1  - Jiménez‐Halla, J. Oscar C.
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Duwe, Dario
A1  - Markl, Christian
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Dietz, Maximilian
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Metal‐Free Intermolecular C−H Borylation of N‐Heterocycles at B−B Multiple Bonds
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - Carbene‐stabilized diborynes of the form LBBL (L=N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)) induce rapid, high yielding, intermolecular ortho‐C−H borylation at N‐heterocycles at room temperature. A simple pyridyldiborene is formed when an NHC‐stabilized diboryne is combined with pyridine, while a CAAC‐stabilized diboryne leads to activation of two pyridine molecules to give a tricyclic alkylideneborane, which can be forced to undergo a further H‐shift resulting in a zwitterionic, doubly benzo‐fused 1,3,2,5‐diazadiborinine by heating. Use of the extended N‐heteroaromatic quinoline leads to a borylmethyleneborane under mild conditions via an unprecedented boron‐carbon exchange process.
KW  - Boron
KW  - Borylation
KW  - Carbene
KW  - Diboryne
KW  - Hydroarylation
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312385
VL  - 62
IS  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Saalfrank, Christian
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Kupfer, Thomas
A1  - Ritschel, Benedikt
A1  - Hammond, Kai
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Bertermann, Rüdiger
A1  - Wirthensohn, Raphael
A1  - Finze, Maik
A1  - Schmid, Paul
A1  - Engel, Volker
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - cAAC‐Stabilized 9,10‐diboraanthracenes—Acenes with Open‐Shell Singlet Biradical Ground States
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - Narrow HOMO–LUMO gaps and high charge‐carrier mobilities make larger acenes potentially high‐efficient materials for organic electronic applications. The performance of such molecules was shown to significantly increase with increasing number of fused benzene rings. Bulk quantities, however, can only be obtained reliably for acenes up to heptacene. Theoretically, (oligo)acenes and (poly)acenes are predicted to have open‐shell singlet biradical and polyradical ground states, respectively, for which experimental evidence is still scarce. We have now been able to dramatically lower the HOMO–LUMO gap of acenes without the necessity of unfavorable elongation of their conjugated π system, by incorporating two boron atoms into the anthracene skeleton. Stabilizing the boron centers with cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes gives neutral 9,10‐diboraanthracenes, which are shown to feature disjointed, open‐shell singlet biradical ground states.
KW  - acenes
KW  - biradicals
KW  - bond Activation
KW  - boron
KW  - heterocycles
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217795
VL  - 59
IS  - 43
SP  - 19338
EP  - 19343
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagspiel, Stephan
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Vargas, Alfredo
A1  - Rempel, Anna
A1  - Hermann, Alexander
A1  - Brückner, Tobias
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Highly colored boron-doped thiazolothiazoles from the reductive dimerization of boron isothiocyanates
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - Reduction of (CAAC)BBr\(_2\)(NCS) (CAAC=cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene) in the presence of a Lewis base L yields tricoordinate (CAAC)LB(NCS) borylenes which undergo reversible E/Z-isomerization. The same reduction in the absence of L yields deep blue, bis(CAAC)-stabilized, boron-doped, aromatic thiazolothiazoles resulting from the dimerization of dicoordinate (CAAC)B(NCS) borylene intermediates.
KW  - inorganic chemistry
KW  - aromaticity
KW  - reduction
KW  - fused thiazaboroles
KW  - DFT
KW  - borylenes
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256432
VL  - 60
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Merz, Julia
A1  - Dietz, Maximilian
A1  - Vonhausen, Yvonne
A1  - Wöber, Frederik
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Sieh, Daniel
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Moos, Michael
A1  - Holzapfel, Marco
A1  - Lambert, Christoph
A1  - Marder, Todd  B.
T1  - Synthesis, Photophysical and Electronic Properties of New Red-to-NIR Emitting Donor-Acceptor Pyrene Derivatives
JF  - Chemistry - A European Journal
N2  - We synthesized new pyrene derivatives with strong bis(para ‐methoxyphenyl)amine donors at the 2,7‐positions and n ‐azaacene acceptors at the K‐region of pyrene. The compounds possess a strong intramolecular charge transfer, leading to unusual properties such as emission in the red to NIR region (700 nm), which has not been reported before for monomeric pyrenes. Detailed photophysical studies reveal very long intrinsic lifetimes of >100 ns for the new compounds, which is typical for 2,7‐substituted pyrenes but not for K‐region substituted pyrenes. The incorporation of strong donors and acceptors leads to very low reduction and oxidation potentials, and spectroelectrochemical studies show that the compounds are on the borderline between localized Robin‐Day class‐II and delocalized Robin‐Day class‐III species.
KW  - orylation
KW  - K-region
KW  - luminescence
KW  - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - redox
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207486
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Horrer, Günther
A1  - Krahfuß, Mirjam J.
A1  - Lubitz, Katharina
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Radius, Udo
T1  - N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Complexes of Titanium(IV) and Titanium(III)
JF  - European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
N2  - The reaction of one and two equivalents of the N ‐heterocyclic carbene IMes [IMes = 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethyl‐phenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene] or the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene cAAC\(^{Me}\) [cAAC\(^{Me}\) = 1‐(2,6‐diisopropyl‐phenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetra‐methylpyrrolidin‐2‐ylidene] with [TiCl\(_{4}\)] in n ‐hexane results in the formation of mono‐ and bis‐carbene complexes [TiCl\(_{4}\)(IMes)] 1 , [TiCl\(_{4}\)(IMes)2] 2 , [TiCl\(_{4}\)(cAAC\(^{Me}\))] 3 , and [TiCl\(_{4}\)(cAAC\(^{Me}\))\(_{2}\)] 4 , respectively. For comparison, the titanium(IV) NHC complex [TiCl\(_{4}\)(Ii Pr\(^{Me}\))] 5 (Ii Pr\(^{Me}\) = 1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The reaction of [TiCl\(_{4}\)(IMes)] 1 with PMe\(_{3}\) affords the mixed substituted complex [TiCl\(_{4}\)(IMes)(PMe\(_{3}\))] 6 . The reactions of [TiCl\(_{3}\)(THF)\(_{3}\)] with two equivalents of the carbenes IMes and cAAC\(^{Me}\) in n ‐hexane lead to the clean formation of the titanium(III) complexes [TiCl\(_{3}\)(IMes)\(_{2}\)] 7 and [TiCl\(_{3}\)(cAAC\(^{Me}\))\(_{2}\)] 8 . Compounds 1 –8 have been completely characterized by elemental analysis, IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and for 2 –5 , 7 and 8 by X‐ray diffraction. Magnetometry in solution, EPR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and DFT calculations performed on 7 and 8 are indicative of a predominantly metal‐centered d\(^{1}\)‐radical in both cases.
KW  - N-heterocyclic carbenes
KW  - carbene ligands
KW  - Titanium
KW  - structure elucidation
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208725
VL  - 2020
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferger, Matthias
A1  - Roger, Chantal
A1  - Köster, Eva
A1  - Rauch, Florian
A1  - Lorenzen, Sabine
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Košćak, Marta
A1  - Nestić, Davor
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Lambert, Christoph
A1  - Piantanida, Ivo
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Electron‐Rich EDOT Linkers in Tetracationic bis‐Triarylborane Chromophores: Influence on Water Stability, Biomacromolecule Sensing, and Photoinduced Cytotoxicity
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - Three novel tetracationic bis‐triarylboranes with 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) linkers, and their neutral precursors, showed significant red‐shifted absorption and emission compared to their thiophene‐containing analogues, with one of the EDOT‐derivatives emitting in the NIR region. Only the EDOT‐linked trixylylborane tetracation was stable in aqueous solution, indicating that direct attachment of a thiophene or even 3‐methylthiophene to the boron atom is insufficient to provide hydrolytic stability in aqueous solution. Further comparative analysis of the EDOT‐linked trixylylborane tetracation and its bis‐thiophene analogue revealed efficient photo‐induced singlet oxygen production, with the consequent biological implications. Thus, both analogues bind strongly to ds‐DNA and BSA, very efficiently enter living human cells, accumulate in several different cytoplasmic organelles with no toxic effect but, under intense visible light irradiation, they exhibit almost instantaneous and very strong cytotoxic effects, presumably attributed to singlet oxygen production. Thus, both compounds are intriguing theranostic agents, whose intracellular and probably intra‐tissue location can be monitored by strong fluorescence, allowing switching on of the strong bioactivity by well‐focused visible light.
KW  - boranes
KW  - DNA/RNA sensors
KW  - fluorescent probes
KW  - singlet oxygen
KW  - theranostics
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287241
VL  - 28
IS  - 48
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - He, Jiang
A1  - Rauch, Florian
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Krebs, Johannes
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Bertermann, Rüdiger
A1  - Nitsch, Jörn
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Finze, Maik
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Phenylpyridyl-fused boroles: a unique coordination mode and weak B-N coordination-induced dual fluorescence
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - Phenylpyridyl-fused boroles [TipPBB1]\(_4\) and TipPBB2 were synthesized and their properties investigated. [TipPBB1]\(_4\) forms a tetramer in both the solid state and solution. TipPBB2 contains a 4-coordinate boron atom in the solid state but dissociates to give a 3-coordinate boron species in solution. TipPBB2 shows interesting temperature-dependent dual fluorescence in solution because of the equilibrium between 3- and 4-coordinate boron species due to weak N⋅⋅⋅B intermolecular coordination.
KW  - inorganic chemistry
KW  - weak intermolecular coordination
KW  - boroles
KW  - dual fluorescence
KW  - equilibrium
KW  - tetramers
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256423
VL  - 60
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Merz, Julia
A1  - Dietrich, Lena
A1  - Nitsch, Jörn
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Moos, Michael
A1  - Mims, David
A1  - Lambert, Christoph
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Synthesis, Photophysical and Electronic Properties of Mono‐, Di‐, and Tri‐Amino‐Substituted Ortho‐Perylenes, and Comparison to the Tetra‐Substituted Derivative
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - We synthesized a series of new mono‐, di‐, tri‐ and tetra‐substituted perylene derivatives with strong bis(para‐methoxyphenyl)amine (DPA) donors at the uncommon 2,5,8,11‐positions. The properties of our new donor‐substituted perylenes were studied in detail to establish a structure‐property relationship. Interesting trends and unusual properties are observed for this series of new perylene derivatives, such as a decreasing charge transfer (CT) character with increasing number of DPA moieties and individual reversible oxidations for each DPA moiety. Thus, (DPA)‐Per possesses one reversible oxidation while (DPA)\(_{4}\)‐Per has four. The mono‐ and di‐substituted derivatives display unusually large Stokes shifts not previously reported for perylenes. Furthermore, transient absorption measurements of the new derivatives reveal an excited state with lifetimes of several hundred microseconds, which sensitizes singlet oxygen with quantum yields of up to 0.83.
KW  - borylation
KW  - intersystem crossing
KW  - luminescence
KW  - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
KW  - triarylamine
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-217835
VL  - 26
IS  - 52
SP  - 12050
EP  - 12059
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krebs, Johannes
A1  - Haehnel, Martin
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Finze, Maik
A1  - Ji, Lei
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Synthesis and Structure of an o-Carboranyl-Substituted Three-Coordinate Borane Radical Anion
JF  - Chemistry—A European Journal
N2  - Bis(1-(4-tolyl)-carboran-2-yl)-(4-tolyl)-borane [(1-(4-MeC\(_{6}\)H\(_{4}\))-closo-1,2-C\(_{2}\)B\(_{10}\)H\(_{10}\)-2-)\(_{2}\)(4-MeC\(_{6}\)H\(_{4}\))B] (1), a new bis(o-carboranyl)-(R)-borane was synthesised by lithiation of the o-carboranyl precursor and subsequent salt metathesis reaction with (4-tolyl)BBr\(_{2}\). Cyclic voltammetry experiments on 1 show multiple distinct reduction events with a one-electron first reduction. In a selective reduction experiment the corresponding paramagnetic radical anion 1\(^{.−}\) was isolated and characterized. Single-crystal structure analyses allow an in-depth comparison of 1, 1\(^{.−}\), their calculated geometries, and the S\(_{1}\) excited state of 1. Photophysical studies of 1 show a charge transfer (CT) emission with low quantum yield in solution but a strong increase in the solid state. TD-DFT calculations were used to identify transition-relevant orbitals.
KW  - Wade’s rules
KW  - carborane
KW  - charge transfer
KW  - radical
KW  - threecoordinate boron
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256841
VL  - 27
IS  - 31
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Endres, Sara
A1  - Heinz, Myron
A1  - Nestler, Vincent
A1  - Holthausen, Max C.
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Probing the Boundaries between Lewis-Basic and Redox Behavior of a Parent Borylene
JF  - Chemistry—A European Journal
N2  - The parent borylene (CAAC)(Me\(_{3}\)P)BH, 1 (CAAC=cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene), acts both as a Lewis base and one-electron reducing agent towards group 13 trichlorides (ECl\(_{3}\), E=B, Al, Ga, In), yielding the adducts 1-ECl\(_{3}\) and increasing proportions of the radical cation [1]\(^{•+}\) for the heavier group 13 analogues. With boron trihalides (BX\(_{3}\), X=F, Cl, Br, I) 1 undergoes sequential adduct formation and halide abstraction reactions to yield borylboronium cations and shows an increasing tendency towards redox processes for the heavier halides. Calculations confirm that 1 acts as a strong Lewis base towards EX3 and show a marked increase in the B−E bond dissociation energies down both group 13 and the halide group.
KW  - redox processes
KW  - bond dissociation energies
KW  - borylene
KW  - group 13
KW  - Lewis adducts
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257154
VL  - 27
IS  - 70
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunecker, Carina
A1  - Müssig, Jonas H.
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Stoy, Andreas
A1  - Böhnke, Julian
A1  - Hofmann, Alexander
A1  - Bertermann, Rüdiger
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Boranediyl‐ and Diborane(4)‐1,2‐diyl‐Bridged Platinum A‐Frame Complexes
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - Diplatinum A‐frame complexes with a bridging (di)boron unit in the apex position were synthesized in a single step by the double oxidative addition of dihalo(di)borane precursors at a bis(diphosphine)‐bridged Pt\(^{0}\)\(_{2}\) complex. While structurally analogous to well‐known μ‐borylene complexes, in which delocalized dative three‐center‐two‐electron M‐B‐M bonding prevails, theoretical investigations into the nature of Pt−B bonding in these A‐frame complexes show them to be rare dimetalla(di)boranes displaying two electron‐sharing Pt−B σ‐bonds. This is experimentally reflected in the low kinetic stability of these compounds, which are prone to loss of the (di)boron bridgehead unit.
KW  - boron
KW  - bonding
KW  - EDA-NOCV
KW  - oxidative addition
KW  - platinum
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214707
VL  - 26
IS  - 39
SP  - 8518
EP  - 8523
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brückner, Tobias
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Stennett, Tom E.
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Isolation of neutral, mono-, and dicationic B\(_2\)P\(_2\) rings by diphosphorus addition to a boron-boron triple bond
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - The NHC-stabilised diboryne (B\(_2\)(SIDep)\(_2\); SIDep=1,3-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)imidazolin-2-ylidene) undergoes a high-yielding P−P bond activation with tetraethyldiphosphine at room temperature to form a B\(_2\)P\(_2\) heterocycle via a diphosphoryldiborene by 1,2-diphosphination. The heterocycle can be oxidised to a radical cation and a dication, respectively, depending on the oxidant used and its counterion. Starting from the planar, neutral 1,3-bis(alkylidene)-1,3-diborata-2,4-diphosphoniocyclobutane, each oxidation step leads to decreased B−B distances and loss of planarity by cationisation. X-ray analyses in conjunction with DFT and CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations reveal closed-shell singlet, butterfly-shaped structures for the NHC-stabilised dicationic B\(_2\)P\(_2\) rings, with their diradicaloid, planar-ring isomers lying close in energy.
KW  - inorganic chemistry
KW  - radicals
KW  - boron
KW  - density functional calculations
KW  - oxidation
KW  - phosphorus heterocycles
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256451
VL  - 60
IS  - 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagspiel, Stephan
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Gärtner, Annalena
A1  - Lindl, Felix
A1  - Lamprecht, Anna
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Addukte des Stammboraphosphaketens H\(_{2}\)BPCO und deren Insertionsreaktionen mittels Decarbonylierung
JF  - Angewandte Chemie
N2  - Die ersten Beispiele für Lewis-Basen-Addukte des Stammboraphosphaketens H\(_{2}\)B-PCO und ihre cyclischen Dimere wurden hergestellt. Eines dieser Addukte zeigt unter milden Bedingungen eine Decarbonylierung und anschließende Insertion des Phosphinidens in die B-C-Bindung eines Borols, was in der Bildung sehr seltener Beispiele für 1,2-Phosphaborinine, B,P-Isostere von Benzol, resultiert. Die starken Donoreigenschaften dieser 1,2-Phosphaborinine wurden durch die Synthese ihrer π-Komplexe mit Metallen der Gruppe 6 bestätigt.
KW  - Bor
KW  - Decarbonylierung
KW  - Heterocyclen
KW  - Ketene
KW  - Phosphor
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244803
VL  - 133
IS  - 24
SP  - 13780
EP  - 13784
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Muessig, Jonas H.
A1  - Lisinetskaya, Polina
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Bertermann, Rüdiger
A1  - Thaler, Melanie
A1  - Mitric, Roland
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Dibortetraiodid (B\(_2\)I\(_4\)) ist im Festkörper ein Polymer aus sp3‐hybridisiertem Bor
JF  - Angewandte Chemie
N2  - Anhand der ersten Festkörperstrukturen von Dibortetraiodid (B\(_2\)I\(_4\)) wird gezeigt, dass dieses nicht, wie lange angenommen, analog zu den leichteren Dibortetrahalogeniden B\(_2\)F\(_4\), B\(_2\)Cl\(_4\) und B\(_2\)Br\(_4\) in allen Aggregatzuständen in Form diskreter Moleküle mit planaren, dreifach koordinierten Boratomen vorliegt. Röntgenstrukturanalysen, Festkörper‐NMR‐ und IR‐Messungen zeigen, dass B\(_2\)I\(_4\) im Festkörper in zwei polymeren Konformeren vorkommt, die tetraedrisch koordinierte Boratome enthalten. Anhand von DFT‐Rechnungen werden die IR‐Spektren in Lösung und im Festkörper simuliert und mit den experimentellen Daten verglichen.
KW  - Bor
KW  - Diboran
KW  - DFT-Rechnungen
KW  - Festkörperstrukturen
KW  - Halogene
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219653
VL  - 132
IS  - 14
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Muessig, Jonas H.
A1  - Lisinetskaya, Polina
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Bertermann, Rüdiger
A1  - Thaler, Melanie
A1  - Mitric, Roland
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Tetraiododiborane(4) (B\(_2\)I\(_4\)) is a Polymer based on sp\(^3\) Boron in the Solid State
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - Herein we present the first solid‐state structures of tetraiododiborane(4) (B\(_2\)I\(_4\)), which was long believed to exist in all phases as discrete molecules with planar, tricoordinate boron atoms, like the lighter tetrahalodiboranes(4) B\(_2\)F\(_4\), B\(_2\)Cl\(_4\), and B\(_2\)Br\(_4\). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state NMR, and IR measurements indicate that B\(_2\)I\(_4\) in fact exists as two different polymeric forms in the solid state, both of which feature boron atoms in tetrahedral environments. DFT calculations are used to simulate the IR spectra of the solution and solid‐state structures, and these are compared with the experimental spectra.
KW  - boron tetraiodide
KW  - boron
KW  - density functional theory
KW  - diborane
KW  - halides
KW  - solid-state sturcture
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-209428
VL  - 59
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Czernetzki, Corinna
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Gärtner, Annalena
A1  - Tröster, Tobias
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Schorr, Fabian
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - A neutral beryllium(I) radical
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - The reduction of a cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)-stabilized organoberyllium chloride yields the first neutral beryllium radical, which was characterized by EPR, IR, UV/Vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. DFT calculations show significant spin density at beryllium and confirm donor–acceptor bonding between an alkylberyllium radical fragment and a neutral CAAC ligand.
KW  - inorganic chemistry
KW  - X-ray crystallography
KW  - Beryllium
KW  - cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene
KW  - EDA-NOCV
KW  - radical
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256529
VL  - 60
IS  - 38
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cui, Jingjing
A1  - Dietz, Maximilian
A1  - Härterich, Marcel
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Lu, Wei
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Diphosphino-Functionalized 1,8-Naphthyridines: a Multifaceted Ligand Platform for Boranes and Diboranes
JF  - Chemistry—A European Journal
N2  - A 1,8-naphthyridine diphosphine (NDP) reacts with boron-containing Lewis acids to generate complexes featuring a number of different naphthyridine bonding modes. When exposed to diborane B\(_{2}\)Br\(_{4}\), NDP underwent self-deprotonation to afford [NDP-B\(_{2}\)Br\(_{3}\)]Br, an unsymmetrical diborane comprised of four fused rings. The reaction of two equivalents of monoborane BBr\(_{3}\) and NDP in a non-polar solvent provided the simple phosphine-borane adduct [NDP(BBr\(_{3}\))\(_{2}\)], which then underwent intramolecular halide abstraction to furnish the salt [NDP-BBr\(_{2}\)][BBr\(_{4}\)], featuring a different coordination mode from that of [NDP-B\(_{2}\)Br\(_{3}\)]Br. Direct deprotonation of NDP by KHMDS or PhCH2K generates mono- and dipotassium reagents, respectively. The monopotassium reagent reacts with one or half an equivalent of B\(_{2}\)(NMe\(_{2}\))\(_{2}\)Cl\(_{2}\) to afford NDP-based diboranes with three or four amino substituents.
KW  - pincer ligand
KW  - potassium reagent
KW  - diborane
KW  - naphthyridine
KW  - boron
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256994
VL  - 27
IS  - 63
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Paprocki, Valerie
A1  - Hrobárik, Peter
A1  - Harriman, Katie L. M.
A1  - Luff, Martin S.
A1  - Kupfer, Thomas
A1  - Kaupp, Martin
A1  - Murugesu, Muralee
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Ein neutrales 1,4‐Diborabenzol als \(\pi\)‐Ligand in Actinoidkomplexen
JF  - Angewandte Chemie
N2  - Die \(\pi\)-Koordination von Aren- und anionischen Heteroarenliganden ist ein allgegenwärtiges Strukturmotiv in der metallorganischen Chemie der d- und f-Block-Elemente. Im Gegensatz dazu sind vergleichbare \(\pi\)-Wechselwirkungen neutraler Heteroarene, darunter auch solche neutraler, aromatischer Borheterocyclen, für den f-Block weit weniger verbreitet, was z. T. mit einer geringeren Effektivität der Metall-zu-Ligand-Rückbindung in Zusammenhang gebracht werden kann. Für die Actinoide sind π-Komplexe mit neutralen Heteroarenliganden sogar gänzlich unbekannt. Durch Ausnutzung der außergewöhnlichen \(\pi\)-Donorstärke eines 1,4-Diborabenzols ist es uns nun gelungen, eine Reihe stabiler π-Halbsandwichkomplexe des Thoriums(IV) und des Urans(IV) über einen erstaunlich einfachen Zugang zu generieren: Umsetzung eines 1,4-Diborabenzols mit ThCl\(_{4}\)(dme)\(_{2}\) bzw. UCl\(_{4}\) in Gegenwart einer Lewis-Base. Hierdurch konnten die ersten Beispiele für Actinoidkomplexe mit einem neutralen Borheterocyclus als Sandwich-artigem Liganden erhalten werden. Laut experimentellen und theoretischen Studien ist die starke Actinoid-Heteroaren-Wechselwirkung in diesen Molekülen im Wesentlichen von elektrostatischer Natur. Der kovalente Hauptbeitrag wird hingegen von der Ligand-zu-Metall-\(\pi\)-Wechselwirkung geleistet, während \(\pi\)/δ-Rückbindungsanteile kaum eine Rolle spielen.
KW  - Actinoide
KW  - Bindungsverhältnisse
KW  - Bor
KW  - Heterocyclen
KW  - \(\pi\)-Komplexe
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218181
VL  - 132
IS  - 31
SP  - 13209
EP  - 13216
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Saalfrank, Christian
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Kupfer, Thomas
A1  - Ritschel, Benedikt
A1  - Hammond, Kai
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Bertermann, Rüdiger
A1  - Wirthensohn, Raphael
A1  - Finze, Maik
A1  - Schmid, Paul
A1  - Engel, Volker
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - cAAC‐stabilisierte 9,10‐Diboraanthracene – offenschalige Singulettbiradikale
JF  - Angewandte Chemie
N2  - Geringe HOMO-LUMO-Abstände und eine hohe Ladungsträgermobilität prädestinieren die höheren Acene für Anwendungen im Bereich der Organoelektronik. Die Leistungsfähigkeit derartiger Verbindungen steigt hierbei dramatisch mit der Anzahl anellierter Benzolringe. Größere Acenmengen sind synthetisch bisher jedoch nur für Acene bis Heptacen verlässlich zugänglich. Theoretischen Studien zufolge besitzen (Oligo)acene offenschalige Singulettbiradikal- und (Poly)acene polyradikalische Grundzustände. Eindeutige experimentelle Belege für diese Vorhersagen sind hingegen äußerst selten. Durch den Einbau von zwei Boratomen in das Anthracengrundgerüst konnten wir den HOMO-LUMO-Abstand von Acenen dramatisch verringern und zwar ohne die Notwendigkeit einer Ausweitung des konjugierten π-Systems. Stabilisierung der Borzentren durch cyclische (Alkyl)(amino)carbene lieferte hierbei neutrale 9,10-Diboraanthracene mit disjunkten, offenschaligen Singulettbiradikal-Grundzuständen.
KW  - Acene
KW  - Bindungsaktivierung
KW  - Biradikale
KW  - Bor
KW  - Heterocyclen
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218582
VL  - 132
IS  - 43
SP  - 19502
EP  - 19507
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rang, Maximilian
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Beck, Eva
A1  - Witte, Robert
A1  - Matler, Alexander
A1  - Rempel, Anna
A1  - Bischof, Tobias
A1  - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Reduktion und Umlagerung eines Bor(I)‐Carbonylkomplexes
JF  - Angewandte Chemie
N2  - Bei der Einelektronenreduktion eines durch eine cyclisches (Alkyl)(amino)carben (CAAC) stabilisierten Arylborylen-Carbonylkomplexes erfolgt die Bildung eines dimeren Borylketyl-Radikalanions, bedingt durch eine intramolekulare Arylmigration zum CO Kohlenstoffatom. Computergestützte Analyse liefert Hinweise auf eine radikalanionische [(CAAC)B(CO)Ar]\(^{.-}\) Zwischenstufe. Weiterführende Reduktion des entstandenen Komplexes liefert ein hoch nukleophiles (Boranyliden)methanolat.
KW  - Biradikale
KW  - Bor-Carbonylkomplexe
KW  - Dichtefunktionalrechnungen
KW  - Reduktionen
KW  - Umlagerungen
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224409
VL  - 133
IS  - 6
SP  - 3000
EP  - 3005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagspiel, Stephan
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Gärtner, Annalena
A1  - Lindl, Felix
A1  - Lamprecht, Anna
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Adducts of the parent boraphosphaketene H\(_2\)BPCO and their decarbonylative insertion chemistry
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - The first examples of Lewis base adducts of the parent boraphosphaketene (H\(_2\)B-PCO) and their cyclodimers are prepared. One of these adducts is shown to undergo mild decarbonylation and phosphinidene insertion into a B−C bond of a borole, forming very rare examples of 1,2-phosphaborinines, B/P isosteres of benzene. The strong donor properties of these 1,2-phosphaborinines are confirmed by the synthesis of their π complexes with the Group 6 metals.
KW  - inorganic chemistry
KW  - phosphorus
KW  - boron
KW  - decarbonylation
KW  - heterocycles
KW  - ketenes
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256470
VL  - 60
IS  - 24
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Paul
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Klopf, Jonas
A1  - Schröder, Niklas B.
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Engel, Volker
A1  - Engels, Bernd
T1  - Twisting versus delocalization in CAAC- and NHC-stabilized boron-based biradicals: the roles of sterics and electronics
JF  - Chemistry - A European Journal
N2  - Twisted boron-based biradicals featuring unsaturated C\(_2\)R\(_2\) (R=Et, Me) bridges and stabilization by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) were recently prepared. These species show remarkable geometrical and electronic differences with respect to their unbridged counterparts. Herein, a thorough computational investigation on the origin of their distinct electrostructural properties is performed. It is shown that steric effects are mostly responsible for the preference for twisted over planar structures. The ground-state multiplicity of the twisted structure is modulated by the σ framework of the bridge, and different R groups lead to distinct multiplicities. In line with the experimental data, a planar structure driven by delocalization effects is observed as global minimum for R=H. The synthetic elusiveness of C\(_2\)R\(_2\)-bridged systems featuring N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was also investigated. These results could contribute to the engineering of novel main group biradicals.
KW  - chemistry
KW  - radicals
KW  - ab initio calculations
KW  - boron
KW  - carbene ligands
KW  - density functional calculations
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256636
VL  - 27
IS  - 16
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dietz, Maximilian
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Reichl, Stephan
A1  - Lugo‐Fuentes, Leonardo I.
A1  - Jiménez‐Halla, J. Oscar C.
A1  - Scheer, Manfred
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Stable Two‐Legged Parent Piano‐Stool and Mixed Diborabenzene‐E\(_{4}\) (E=P, As) Sandwich Complexes of Group 8
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - A cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene‐stabilized 1,4‐diborabenzene (DBB) ligand enables the isolation of 18‐electron two‐legged parent piano‐stool Fe\(^{0}\) and Ru\(^{0}\) complexes, [(η\(^{6}\)‐DBB)M(CO)\(_{2}\)], the ruthenium complex being the first of its kind to be structurally characterized. [(η\(^{6}\)‐DBB)Fe(CO)\(_{2}\)] reacts with E\(_{4}\) (E=P, As) to yield mixed DBB‐cyclo‐E\(_{4}\) sandwich complexes with planar E\(_{4}\)\(^{2-}\) ligands. Computational analyses confirm the strong electron‐donating capacity of the DBB ligand and show that the E\(_{4}\) ligand is bound by four equivalent Fe−P σ bonds.
KW  - 1,4-Diborabenzene
KW  - bonding
KW  - group 8 metals
KW  - Parent Piano-Stool Complex
KW  - Pnictogen reduction
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-293880
VL  - 61
IS  - 36
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Matler, Alexander
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Schorr, Fabian
A1  - Hermann, Alexander
A1  - Hofmann, Alexander
A1  - Lenczyk, Carsten
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Reactivity of Terminal Iron Borylenes and Bis(borylenes) with Carbodiimides: Cycloaddition, Metathesis, Insertion and C−H Activation Pathways
JF  - European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
N2  - The reactions of carbodiimides with the iron arylborylene complex [Fe=BDur(CO)\(_{3}\)(PMe\(_{3}\))] (Dur=2,3,5,6-Me\(_{4}\)C\(_{6}\)H) and the iron bis(borylene) complex [Fe{=BDur}{=BN(SiMe\(_{3}\))\(_{2}\)}(CO)\(_{3}\)] yield a wide variety of temperature-dependent products, including known FeBNC and novel FeBNB metallacycles, complexes of N-heterocyclic boracarbene and spiro-boracarbene ligands and a unique 1,3,2,4-diazadiborolyl pianostool complex, characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The product distributions can be rationalized by considering sequences of cycloaddition, metathesis, insertion, and C−H activation pathways mainly governed by sterics.
KW  - structure elucidation
KW  - borylene complexes
KW  - cycloaddition
KW  - metathesis
KW  - reaction mechanisms
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257397
VL  - 2021
IS  - 45
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Roy, Dipak Kumar
A1  - Tröster, Tobias
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Lenczyk, Carsten
A1  - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1  - Pranckevicius, Conor
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Isolation and Reactivity of an Antiaromatic s‐Block Metal Compound
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - The concepts of aromaticity and antiaromaticity have a long history, and countless demonstrations of these phenomena have been made with molecules based on elements from the p, d, and f blocks of the periodic table. In contrast, the limited oxidation‐state flexibility of the s‐block metals has long stood in the way of their participation in sophisticated π‐bonding arrangements, and truly antiaromatic systems containing s‐block metals are altogether absent or remain poorly defined. Using spectroscopic, structural, and computational techniques, we present herein the synthesis and authentication of a heterocyclic compound containing the alkaline earth metal beryllium that exhibits significant antiaromaticity, and detail its chemical reduction and Lewis‐base‐coordination chemistry.
KW  - antiaromaticity
KW  - aromaticity
KW  - beryllium
KW  - heterocycles
KW  - s-block metals
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224447
VL  - 60
IS  - 7
SP  - 3812
EP  - 3819
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kole, Goutam Kumar
A1  - Merz, Julia
A1  - Amar, Anissa
A1  - Fontaine, Bruno
A1  - Boucekkine, Abdou
A1  - Nitsch, Jörn
A1  - Lorenzen, Sabine
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Košćak, Marta
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Piantanida, Ivo
A1  - Halet, Jean-François
A1  - Müller-Buschbaum, Klaus
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - 2- and 2,7-substituted para-N-methylpyridinium pyrenes: syntheses, molecular and electronic structures, photophysical, electrochemical, and spectroelectrochemical properties and binding to double-stranded (ds) DNA
JF  - Chemistry - A European Journal
N2  - Two N-methylpyridinium compounds and analogous N-protonated salts of 2- and 2,7-substituted 4-pyridyl-pyrene compounds were synthesised and their crystal structures, photophysical properties both in solution and in the solid state, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties were studied. Upon methylation or protonation, the emission maxima are significantly bathochromically shifted compared to the neutral compounds, although the absorption maxima remain almost unchanged. As a result, the cationic compounds show very large apparent Stokes shifts of up to 7200 cm\(^{-1}\). The N-methylpyridinium compounds have a single reduction at ca. −1.5 V vs. Fc/Fc\(^+\) in MeCN. While the reduction process was reversible for the 2,7-disubstituted compound, it was irreversible for the mono-substituted one. Experimental findings are complemented by DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Furthermore, the N-methylpyridinium compounds show strong interactions with calf thymus (ct)-DNA, presumably by intercalation, which paves the way for further applications of these multi-functional compounds as potential DNA-bioactive agents.
KW  - inorganic chemistry
KW  - viologens
KW  - chromophores
KW  - luminescent
KW  - pyrenes
KW  - pyridinium
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256642
VL  - 27
IS  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hattori, Yohei
A1  - Michail, Evripidis
A1  - Schmiedel, Alexander
A1  - Moos, Michael
A1  - Holzapfel, Marco
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Müller, Ulrich
A1  - Pflaum, Jens
A1  - Lambert, Christoph
T1  - Luminescent Mono-, Di-, and Tri-radicals: Bridging Polychlorinated Triarylmethyl Radicals by Triarylamines and Triarylboranes
JF  - Chemistry - A European Journal
N2  - Up to three polychlorinated pyridyldiphenylmethyl radicals bridged by a triphenylamine carrying electron withdrawing (CN), neutral (Me), or donating (OMe) groups were synthesized and analogous radicals bridged by tris(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)borane were prepared for comparison. All compounds were as stable as common closed‐shell organic compounds and showed significant fluorescence upon excitation. Electronic, magnetic, absorption, and emission properties were examined in detail, and experimental results were interpreted using DFT calculations. Oxidation potentials, absorption and emission energies could be tuned depending on the electron density of the bridges. The triphenylamine bridges mediated intramolecular weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the radical spins, and the energy difference between the high spin and low spin states was determined by temperature dependent ESR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The fluorescent properties of all radicals were examined in detail and revealed no difference for high and low spin states which facilitates application of these dyes in two‐photon absorption spectroscopy and OLED devices.
KW  - density functional calculations
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - NIR OLED
KW  - radical
KW  - two-photon absorption
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208162
VL  - 25
IS  - 68
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bélanger-Chabot, Guillaume
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Hexahalogendiborat‐Dianionen: Eine neue Klasse binärer Borhalogenide
JF  - Angewandte Chemie
N2  - Die elektronenpräzisen binären Borsubhalogenide [B\(_2\)X\(_6\)]\(^{2−}\) (X=F, Br, I) wurden synthetisiert und strukturell im Festkörper untersucht. Zudem konnte die vermutete Existenz von [B\(_2\)Cl\(_6\)]\(^{2−}\) mittels Röntgendiffraktometrie nachgewiesen werden. Diese Dianionen sind isoelektronisch zu den Hexahalogeniden des Ethans und können als Homologe des Tetrahalogenborat‐Anions BX\(_4\)\(^−\) betrachtet werden. Darüber hinaus gehören sie zu den seltenen Beispielen von elektronenpräzisen binären Borverbindungen (B\(_2\)X\(_4\), BX\(_3\), [BX\(_4\)]\(^−\)).
KW  - Binäre Verbindungen
KW  - Bor
KW  - Elektronenpräzise Diborate
KW  - Halogene
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212605
VL  - 131
IS  - 40
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lenczyk, Carsten
A1  - Roy, Dipak Kumar
A1  - Oberdorf, Kai
A1  - Nitsch, Jörn
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1  - Halet, Jean-François
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
A1  - Bickelhaupt, Matthias
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Toward Transition‐Metal‐Templated Construction of Arylated B\(_{4}\) Chains by Dihydroborane Dehydrocoupling
JF  - Chemistry - A European Journal
N2  - The reactivity of a diruthenium tetrahydride complex towards three selected dihydroboranes was investigated. The use of [DurBH\(_{2}\)] (Dur=2,3,5,6‐Me\(_{4}\)C\(_{6}\)H) and [(Me\(_{3}\)Si)\(_{2}\)NBH\(_{2}\)] led to the formation of bridging borylene complexes of the form [(Cp\(^{*}\)RuH)\(_{2}\)BR] (Cp\(^{*}\)=C\(_{5}\)Me\(_{5}\); 1 a: R=Dur; 1 b: R=N(SiMe\(_{3}\))\(_{2}\)) through oxidative addition of the B−H bonds with concomitant hydrogen liberation. Employing the more electron‐deficient dihydroborane [3,5‐(CF\(_{3}\))\(_{2}\)‐C\(_{6}\)H\(_{3}\)BH\(_{2}\)] led to the formation of an anionic complex bearing a tetraarylated chain of four boron atoms, namely Li(THF)\(_{4}\)[(Cp\(^{*}\)Ru)\(_{2}\)B\(_{4}\)H\(_{5}\)(3,5‐(CF\(_{3}\))\(_{2}\)C\(_{6}\)H\(_{3}\))\(_{4}\)] (4), through an unusual, incomplete threefold dehydrocoupling process. A comparative theoretical investigation of the bonding in a simplified model of 4 and the analogous complex nido‐[1,2(Cp\(^{*}\)Ru)\(_{2}\)(μ‐H)B\(_{4}\)H\(_{9}\)] (I) indicates that there appear to be no classical σ‐bonds between the boron atoms in complex I, whereas in the case of 4 the B\(_{4}\) chain better resembles a network of three B−B σ bonds, the central bond being significantly weaker than the other two.
KW  - transition metal
KW  - B−H activation
KW  - boron
KW  - dehydrocoupling
KW  - ruthenium
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214324
VL  - 25
IS  - 72
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goettel, James T.
A1  - Gao, Haopeng
A1  - Dotzauer, Simon
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - \(^{Me}\)CAAC=N\(^{-}\): A Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbene Imino Ligand
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - A cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) has been shown to react with a covalent azide similar to the Staudinger reaction. The reaction of \(^{Me}\)CAAC with trimethylsilyl azide afforded the N‐silylated 2‐iminopyrrolidine (\(^{Me}\)CAAC=NSiMe\(_{3}\)), which was fully characterized. This compound undergoes hydrolysis to afford the 2‐iminopyrrolidine and trimethylsiloxane which co‐crystallize as a hydrogen‐bonded adduct. The N‐silylated 2‐iminopyrrolidine was used to transfer the novel pyrrolidine‐2‐iminato ligand onto both main‐group and transition‐metal centers. The reaction of the tetrabromodiborane bis(dimethyl sulfide) adduct with two equivalents of \(^{Me}\)CAAC=NSiMe\(_{3}\) afforded the disubstituted diborane. The reaction of \(^{Me}\)CAAC=NSiMe\(_{3}\) with TiCl\(_{4}\) and CpTiCl\(_{3}\) afforded \(^{Me}\)CAAC=NTiCl\(_{3}\) and \(^{Me}\)CAAC=NTiCl\(_{2}\)Cp, respectively.
KW  - boron
KW  - carbenes
KW  - imide ligands
KW  - nitrogen ligands
KW  - titanium
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212662
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brunecker, Carina
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Platin‐vermittelte Kupplung von B=N‐Einheiten: Synthese von BNBN‐Analoga von 1,3‐Dienen und Butatrien
JF  - Angewandte Chemie
N2  - Die 1:2-Reaktion von [μ-(dmpm)Pt(nbe)]\(_{2}\) (dmpm=Bis(dimethylphosphino)methan, nbe=Norbornen) mit Cl\(_{2}\)BNR(SiMe\(_{3}\)) (R=tBu, SiMe\(_{3}\)) führt durch eine B-N-Kupplung über eine ClSiMe\(_{3}\)-Eliminierung zu unsymmetrischen (N-Aminoboryl)aminoboryl-Pt\(^{I}\)\(_{2}\)-Komplexen. Eine anschließende intramolekulare ClSiMe\(_{3}\)-Eliminierung des tBu-Derivats führt zu einer Cyclisierung der BNBN-Einheit unter Bildung eines einzigartigen 1,3,2,4-Diazadiboretidin-2-yl-Liganden. Im Gegensatz hierzu steht die analoge Reaktion mit Br\(_{2}\)BN(SiMe\(_{3}\))\(_{2}\), die über eine zweifache BrSiMe\(_{3}\)-Eliminierung zu einem Pt\(^{II}\)\(_{2}\)-A-Frame-Komplex führt, der von einem linearen Isoster des Butatriens verbrückt wird. Strukturelle und theoretische Daten bestätigen eine π-Elektronen-Delokalisierung über die gesamte BNBN-Einheit.
KW  - 1,3,2,4-Diazadiboretidin-2-yl-Ligand
KW  - A-Frame-Komplex
KW  - B-N-Kupplung
KW  - Butatrien-Analogon
KW  - Isosterie
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244792
VL  - 133
IS  - 31
SP  - 17000
EP  - 17004
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nees, Samuel
A1  - Kupfer, Thomas
A1  - Hofmann, Alexander
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Stabilisierung planarer Cyclopenten‐4‐yl‐Kationen durch Hyperkonjugation und π‐Delokalisierung
JF  - Angewandte Chemie
N2  - Theoretischen Untersuchungen zufolge stellt das planare Cyclopenten-4-yl-Kation das energetisch ungünstigste C\(_{5}\)H\(_{7}\)\(^{+}\)-Isomer dar und ist am ehesten als klassisches Carbokation zu beschreiben, wobei dessen Existenz experimentell bislang noch nicht nachgewiesen werden konnte. Durch Umsetzung sterisch überfrachteter Alane vom Typ Cp\(^{R}\)AlBr\(_{2}\) mit AlBr3 ist uns nun die Isolierung zweier stabiler Derivate des Cyclopenten-4-yl-Kations gelungen. Untersuchungen zu deren (elektronischer) Struktur (XRD, QM) offenbarten planare Geometrien und starke Hyperkonjugationswechselwirkungen zwischen den C-Al-σ-Bindungen und dem unbesetzten p-Orbital der kationischen sp\(^{2}\)-Kohlenstoffzentren. Die Analyse der Molekülorbitale (MOs), der Anisotropie der induzierten Stromdichte (ACID) sowie verschiedener Aromatizitätsdeskriptoren deuten hierbei auf ein hohes Maß an Delokalisierung und π-Aromatizität in diesen Systemen hin, was einer klassischen Beschreibung grundlegend widerspricht. Unsere Cyclopenten-4-yl-Kationen gehören somit zu den wenigen Beispielen aromatischer Carbocyclen, in denen eine Delokalisierung der π-Elektronen über gesättigte sp\(^{3}\)-Kohlenstoffatome hinweg beobachtet wird.
KW  - ACID
KW  - Carbokationen
KW  - Cyclopenten-4-yl-Kation
KW  - Hyperkonjugation
KW  - π-Aromatizität
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218456
VL  - 132
IS  - 42
SP  - 18971
EP  - 18978
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lenczyk, Carsten
A1  - Roy, Dipak Kumar
A1  - Nitsch, Jörn
A1  - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1  - Rauch, Florian
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Bickelhaupt, F. Matthias
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Steric Effects Dictate the Formation of Terminal Arylborylene Complexes of Ruthenium from Dihydroboranes
JF  - Chemistry - A European Journal
N2  - The steric and electronic properties of aryl substituents in monoaryl borohydrides (Li[ArBH\(_3\)]) and dihydroboranes were systematically varied and their reactions with [Ru(PCy\(_3\))\(_2\)HCl(H\(_2\))] (Cy: cyclohexyl) were studied, resulting in bis(σ)‐borane or terminal borylene complexes of ruthenium. These variations allowed for the investigation of the factors involved in the activation of dihydroboranes in the synthesis of terminal borylene complexes. The complexes were studied by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental and computational results suggest that the ortho‐substitution of the aryl groups is necessary for the formation of terminal borylene complexes.
KW  - Arylborylene Complexes
KW  - Ruthenium
KW  - Dihydroboranes
KW  - boranes
KW  - borohydrides
KW  - borylenes
KW  - steric effects
KW  - sigma boranes
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219537
SN  - 1521-3765
VL  - 25
IS  - 59
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Uwe
A1  - Werner, Luis
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Deissenberger, Andrea
A1  - Hermann, Alexander
A1  - Hofmann, Alexander
A1  - Ullrich, Stefan
A1  - Mattock, James D.
A1  - Vargas, Alfredo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Trans‐selektive Dihydroborierung eines cis‐Diborens durch Insertion: Synthese eines linearen sp\(^3\)‐sp\(^2\)‐sp\(^3\)‐Triborans und anschließende Kationisierung
JF  - Angewandte Chemie
N2  - Die Reaktion zwischen Aryl‐ und Amino(dihydro)boranen und Dibora[2]ferrocenophan 1 führt zur Bildung von 1,3‐trans‐Dihydrotriboranen durch formale Hydrierung und Insertion eines Borylens in die B=B Doppelbindung. Die Aryltriboran‐Derivate unterliegen einer reversiblen Photoisomerisierung zugunsten eines cis‐1,2‐μ‐H‐3‐Hydrotriborans, während eine Hydridabstraktion zu kationischen Triboranen führt, welche die ersten doppelt basenstabilisierten B\(_3\)H\(_4\)\(^+\)‐Analoga darstellen.
KW  - Diboren
KW  - Hydroborierung
KW  - Kation
KW  - Photoisomerisierung
KW  - Triboran
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219713
VL  - 132
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bélanger‐Chabot, Guillaume
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Hexahalodiborate Dianions: A New Family of Binary Boron Halides
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - The electron‐precise binary boron subhalide species [B\(_2\)X\(_6\)]\(^{2−}\) X=F, Br, I) were synthesized and their structures confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The existence of the previously claimed [B\(_2\)Cl\(_6\)]\(^{2−}\), which had been questioned, was also confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The dianions are isoelectronic to hexahaloethanes, are subhalide analogues of the well‐known tetrahaloborate anions (BX\(_4\)\(^−\)), and are rare examples of molecular electron‐precise binary boron species beyond B\(_2\)X\(_4\), BX\(_3\), and [BX\(_4\)]\(^−\).
KW  - binary species
KW  - boron
KW  - electron-precise diborates
KW  - halogens
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219688
VL  - 58
IS  - 40
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Uwe
A1  - Werner, Luis
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Deissenberger, Andrea
A1  - Hermann, Alexander
A1  - Hofmann, Alexander
A1  - Ullrich, Stefan
A1  - Mattock, James D.
A1  - Vargas, Alfredo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - trans-Selective Insertional Dihydroboration of a cis-Diborene: Synthesis of Linear sp\(^3\)-sp\(^2\)-sp\(^3\)-Triboranes and Subsequent Cationization
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - The reaction of aryl‐ and amino(dihydro)boranes with dibora[2]ferrocenophane 1 leads to the formation 1,3‐trans ‐dihydrotriboranes by formal hydrogenation and insertion of a borylene unit into the B=B bond. The aryltriborane derivatives undergo reversible photoisomerization to the cis ‐1,2‐μ‐H‐3‐hydrotriboranes, while hydride abstraction affords cationic triboranes, which represent the first doubly base‐stabilized B3H4\(^+\) analogues.
KW  - cations
KW  - hydroboration
KW  - photoisomerization
KW  - triboranes
KW  - diborenes
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-208090
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hermann, Alexander
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Zorn, Theresa
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Ritschel, Benedikt
A1  - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Oxidation, Coordination, and Nickel-Mediated Deconstruction of a Highly Electron-Rich Diboron Analogue of 1,3,5-Hexatriene
JF  - Angewandte Chemie, International Edition
N2  - The reductive coupling of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized (dibromo)vinylborane yields a 1,2-divinyl- diborene, which, although isoelectronic to a 1,3,5-triene, displays no extended p conjugation because of twisting of the C\(_2\)B\(_2\)C\(_2\) chain. While this divinyldiborene coordinates to copper(I) and platinum(0) in an η\(^2\)-B\(_2\) and η\(^4\)-C\(_2\)B\(_2\) fashion, respectively, it undergoes a complex rearrangement to an η\(^4\)-1,3-diborete upon complexation with nickel(0).
KW  - boron
KW  - diborenes
KW  - carbenes
KW  - conjugation
KW  - density-functional calculations
KW  - rearrangements
KW  - structure elucidation
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240652
VL  - 59
IS  - 36
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brückner, Tobias
A1  - Heß, Merlin
A1  - Stennett, Tom E.
A1  - Rempel, Anna
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Synthesis of Boron Analogues of Enamines via Hydroamination of a Boron-Boron Triple Bond
BT  - Dedicated to Professor Wolfgang Kaim on the occasion of his 70th birthday
JF  - Angewandte Chemie, International Edition
N2  - An N-heterocyclic-carbene-stabilized diboryne undergoes rapid, high-yielding and catalyst-free hydroamina- tion reactions with primary amines, yielding 1-amino-2-hydro- diborenes, which can be considered boron analogues of enamines. The electronics of the organic substituent at nitrogen influence the structure and further reactivity of the diborene product. With electron-rich anilines, a second hydroamination can occur at the diborene to generate 1,1-diamino-2,2-dihy- drodiboranes. With isopropylamine, the electronic influence of the alkyl substituent upon the diborene leads to an unprece- dented boron-mediated intramolecular N-dearylation reaction of an N-heterocyclic carbene unit.
KW  - boron
KW  - diborynes
KW  - diborenes
KW  - DFT
KW  - enamines
KW  - hydroamination
KW  - multiple bonds
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240669
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhang, Fangyuan
A1  - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Lambert, Christoph
A1  - Ravat, Prince
T1  - Zinc-[7]helicenocyanine and its discrete π-stacked homochiral Dimer
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - In this communication, we demonstrate a novel approach to prepare a discrete dimer of chiral phthalocyanine (Pc) by exploiting the flexible molecular geometry of helicenes, which enables structural interlocking and strong aggregation tendency of Pcs. Synthesized [7]helicene-Pc hybrid molecular structure, zinc-[7]helicenocyanine (Zn-7HPc), exclusively forms a stable dimeric pair consisting of two homochiral molecules. The dimerization constants were estimated to be as high as 8.96×10\(^6\) M\(^{−1}\) and 3.42×107 M\(^{−1}\) in THF and DMSO, respectively, indicating remarkable stability of dimer. In addition, Zn\(^{-7}\)HPc exhibited chiral self-sorting behavior, which resulted in preferential formation of a homochiral dimer also in the racemic sample. Two phthalocyanine subunits in the dimeric form strongly communicate with each other as revealed by a large comproportionation constant and observation of an IV-CT band for the thermodynamically stable mixed-valence state.
KW  - organic chemistry
KW  - supramolecular assembly
KW  - chirality
KW  - helicenes
KW  - homochiral dimer
KW  - phthalocyanines
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256534
VL  - 60
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rauch, Florian
A1  - Endres, Peter
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Sieh, Daniel
A1  - Hähnel, Martin
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Finze, Maik
A1  - Ji, Lei
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - An Iterative Divergent Approach to Conjugated Starburst Borane Dendrimers
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - Using a new divergent approach, conjugated triarylborane dendrimers were synthesized up to the 2nd generation. The synthetic strategy consists of three steps: 1) functionalization, via iridium catalyzed C−H borylation; 2) activation, via fluorination of the generated boronate ester with K[HF\(_{2}\)] or [N(nBu\(_{4}\))][HF\(_{2}\)]; and 3) expansion, via reaction of the trifluoroborate salts with aryl Grignard reagents. The concept was also shown to be viable for a convergent approach. All but one of the conjugated borane dendrimers exhibit multiple, distinct and reversible reduction potentials, making them potentially interesting materials for applications in molecular accumulators. Based on their photophysical properties, the 1st generation dendrimers exhibit good conjugation over the whole system. However, the conjugation does not increase further upon expansion to the 2nd generation, but the molar extinction coefficients increase linearly with the number of triarylborane subunits, suggesting a potential application as photonic antennas.
KW  - density functional calculations
KW  - electron storage
KW  - luminescence
KW  - redox
KW  - triarylborane
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218345
VL  - 26
IS  - 57
SP  - 12951
EP  - 12963
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nees, Samuel
A1  - Kupfer, Thomas
A1  - Hofmann, Alexander
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Planar Cyclopenten‐4‐yl Cations: Highly Delocalized π Aromatics Stabilized by Hyperconjugation
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - Theoretical studies predicted the planar cyclopenten‐4‐yl cation to be a classical carbocation, and the highest‐energy isomer of C\(_{5}\)H\(_{7}\)\(^{+}\). Hence, its existence has not been verified experimentally so far. We were now able to isolate two stable derivatives of the cyclopenten‐4‐yl cation by reaction of bulky alanes Cp\(^{R}\)AlBr\(_{2}\) with AlBr3. Elucidation of their (electronic) structures by X‐ray diffraction and quantum chemistry studies revealed planar geometries and strong hyperconjugation interactions primarily from the C−Al σ bonds to the empty p orbital of the cationic sp\(^{2}\) carbon center. A close inspection of the molecular orbitals (MOs) and of the anisotropy of current (induced) density (ACID), as well as the evaluation of various aromaticity descriptors indicated distinct aromaticity for these cyclopenten‐4‐yl derivatives, which strongly contrasts the classical description of this system. Here, strong delocalization of π electrons spanning the whole carbocycle has been verified, thus providing rare examples of π aromaticity involving saturated sp\(^{3}\) carbon atoms.
KW  - ACID
KW  - carbocations
KW  - cyclopenten-4-yl cation
KW  - hyperconjugation
KW  - π aromaticity
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218358
VL  - 59
IS  - 42
SP  - 18809
EP  - 18815
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rauch, Florian
A1  - Fuchs, Sonja
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Sieh, Daniel
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Finze, Maik
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Highly Stable, Readily Reducible, Fluorescent, Trifluoromethylated 9‐Borafluorenes
JF  - Chemistry – A European Journal
N2  - Three different perfluoroalkylated borafluorenes (\(^{F}\)Bf) were prepared and their electronic and photophysical properties were investigated. The systems have four trifluoromethyl moieties on the borafluorene moiety as well as two trifluoromethyl groups at the ortho positions of their exo‐aryl moieties. They differ with regard to the para substituents on their exo‐aryl moieties, being a proton \(^{F}\)Xyl\(^{F}\)Bf, \(^{F}\)Xyl: 2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), a trifluoromethyl group (\(^{F}\)Mes\(^{F}\)Bf, \(^{F}\)Mes: 2,4,6‐tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) or a dimethylamino group (p‐NMe\(_{2}\)‐\(^{F}\)Xyl\(^{F}\)Bf, p‐NMe\(_{2}\)‐\(^{F}\)Xyl: 4‐(dimethylamino)‐2,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl), respectively. All derivatives exhibit extraordinarily low reduction potentials, comparable to those of perylenediimides. The most electron‐deficient derivative \(^{F}\)Mes\(^{F}\)Bf was also chemically reduced and its radical anion isolated and characterized. Furthermore, all compounds exhibit very long fluorescent lifetimes of about 250 ns up to 1.6 μs; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this differ. The donor‐substituted derivative p‐NMe\(_{2}\)‐\(^{F}\)Xyl\(^{F}\)Bf exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) from a charge‐transfer (CT) state, whereas the \(^{F}\)Mes\(^{F}\)Bf and FXylFBf borafluorenes exhibit only weakly allowed locally excited (LE) transitions due to their symmetry and low transition‐dipole moments.
KW  - borafluorenes
KW  - boron
KW  - EPR spectroscopy
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - heterocycles
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218390
VL  - 26
IS  - 56
SP  - 12794
EP  - 12808
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ramler, Jaqueline
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Geist, Felix
A1  - Hanft, Anna
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Engels, Bernd
A1  - Lichtenberg, Crispin
T1  - The dimethylbismuth cation: entry into dative Bi-Bi bonding and unconventional methyl exchange
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - The dimethyl bismuth cation, [BiMe\(_2\)(SbF\(_6\))], has been isolated and characterized. Reaction with BiMe\(_3\) allows access to the first compound featuring Bi→Bi donor–acceptor bonding. In solution, dynamic behavior with methyl exchange via an unusual S\(_E\)2 mechanism is observed, underlining the unique properties of bismuth species as soft Lewis acids with the ability to undergo reversible Bi−C bond cleavage.
KW  - inorganic chemistry
KW  - methyl exchange
KW  - bismuth
KW  - cationic species
KW  - electrophilic substitution
KW  - Lewis acidity
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256543
VL  - 60
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Berger, Sarina M.
A1  - Rühe, Jessica
A1  - Schwarzmann, Johannes
A1  - Phillipps, Alexandra
A1  - Richard, Ann-Katrin
A1  - Ferger, Matthias
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Tumir, Lidija-Marija
A1  - Ban, Željka
A1  - Crnolatac, Ivo
A1  - Majhen, Dragomira
A1  - Barišić, Ivan
A1  - Piantanida, Ivo
A1  - Schleier, Domenik
A1  - Griesbeck, Stefanie
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Bithiophene-Cored, mono-, bis-, and tris-(Trimethylammonium)-Substituted, bis-Triarylborane Chromophores: Effect of the Number and Position of Charges on Cell Imaging and DNA/RNA Sensing
JF  - Chemistry—A European Journal
N2  - The synthesis, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of selectively mono-, bis- and tris-dimethylamino- and trimethylammonium-substituted bis-triarylborane bithiophene chromophores are presented along with the water solubility and singlet oxygen sensitizing efficiency of the cationic compounds Cat\(^{1+}\), Cat\(^{2+}\), Cat(i)\(^{2+}\), and Cat\(^{3+}\). Comparison with the mono-triarylboranes reveals the large influence of the bridging unit on the properties of the bis-triarylboranes, especially those of the cationic compounds. Based on these preliminary investigations, the interactions of Cat\(^{1+}\), Cat\(^{2+}\), Cat(i)\(^{2+}\), and Cat\(^{3+}\) with DNA, RNA, and DNApore were investigated in buffered solutions. The same compounds were investigated for their ability to enter and localize within organelles of human lung carcinoma (A549) and normal lung (WI38) cells showing that not only the number of charges but also their distribution over the chromophore influences interactions and staining properties.
KW  - singlet oxygen
KW  - boron
KW  - bioimaging
KW  - luminescence
KW  - nucleic acid
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256963
VL  - 27
IS  - 56
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huang, Mingming
A1  - Hu, Jiefeng
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Friedrich, Alexandra
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
A1  - Westcott, Stephen A.
A1  - Radius, Udo
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
T1  - Base-Mediated Radical Borylation of Alkyl Sulfones
JF  - Chemistry—A European Journal
N2  - A practical and direct method was developed for the production of versatile alkyl boronate esters via transition metal-free borylation of primary and secondary alkyl sulfones. The key to the success of the strategy is the use of bis(neopentyl glycolato) diboron (B\(_{2}\)neop\(_{2}\)), with a stoichiometric amount of base as a promoter. The practicality and industrial potential of this protocol are highlighted by its wide functional group tolerance, the late-stage modification of complex compounds, no need for further transesterification, and operational simplicity. Radical clock, radical trap experiments, and EPR studies were conducted which show that the borylation process involves radical intermediates.
KW  - boron
KW  - boronate
KW  - boronic acid
KW  - metal-free
KW  - radical
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257281
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lindl, Felix
A1  - Guo, Xueying
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Rauch, Florian
A1  - Rempel, Anna
A1  - Paprocki, Valerie
A1  - Dellermann, Theresa
A1  - Stennett, Tom E.
A1  - Lamprecht, Anna
A1  - Brückner, Tobias
A1  - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1  - Bélanger-Chabot, Guillaume
A1  - Marder, Todd B.
A1  - Lin, Zhenyang
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Rethinking Borole Cycloaddition Reactivity
JF  - Chemistry—A European Journal
N2  - Boroles are attracting broad interest for their myriad and diverse applications, including in synthesis, small molecule activation and functional materials. Their properties and reactivity are closely linked to the cyclic conjugated diene system, which has been shown to participate in cycloaddition reactions, such as the Diels-Alder reaction with alkynes. The reaction steps leading to boranorbornadienes, borepins and tricyclic boracyclohexenes from the thermal reaction of boroles with alkynes are seemingly well understood as judged from the literature. Herein, we question the long-established mechanistic picture of pericyclic rearrangements by demonstrating that seven-membered borepins (i. e., heptaphenylborepin and two derivatives substituted with a thienyl and chloride substituent on boron) exist in a dynamic equilibrium with the corresponding bicyclic boranorbornadienes, the direct Diels-Alder products, but are not isolable products from the reactions. Heating gradually converts the isomeric mixtures into fluorescent tricyclic boracyclohexenes, the most stable isomers in the series. Results from mechanistic DFT calculations reveal that the tricyclic compounds derive from the boranorbornadienes and not the borepins, which were previously believed to be intermediates in purely pericyclic processes.
KW  - pericyclic reaction
KW  - Boron
KW  - computational chemistry
KW  - isomer
KW  - isomerization
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256888
VL  - 27
IS  - 43
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heß, Merlin
A1  - Krummenacher, Ivo
A1  - Dellermann, Theresa
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Rhodium-Mediated Stoichiometric Synthesis of Mono-, Bi-, and Bis-1,2-Azaborinines: 1-Rhoda-3,2-azaboroles as Reactive Precursors
JF  - Chemistry—A European Journal
N2  - A series of highly substituted 1,2-azaborinines, including a phenylene-bridged bis-1,2-azaborinine, was synthesized from the reaction of 1,2-azaborete rhodium complexes with variously substituted alkynes. 1-Rhoda-3,2-azaborole complexes, which are accessible by phosphine addition to the corresponding 1,2-azaborete complexes, were also found to be suitable precursors for the synthesis of 1,2-azaborinines and readily reacted with alkynyl-substituted 1,2-azaborinines to generate new regioisomers of bi-1,2-azaborinines, which feature directly connected aromatic rings. Their molecular structures, which can be viewed as boron-nitrogen isosteres of biphenyls, show nearly perpendicular 1,2-azaborinine rings. The new method using rhodacycles instead of 1,2-azaborete complexes as precursors is shown to be more effective, allowing the synthesis of a wider range of 1,2-azaborinines.
KW  - structure elucidation
KW  - azaborinines
KW  - nitrogen heterocycles
KW  - cyclization
KW  - metallacycles
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256830
VL  - 27
IS  - 37
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gärtner, Annalena
A1  - Marek, Matthäus
A1  - Arrowsmith, Merle
A1  - Auerhammer, Dominic
A1  - Radacki, Krzysztof
A1  - Prieschl, Dominic
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Boron- versus Nitrogen-Centered Nucleophilic Reactivity of (Cyano)hydroboryl Anions: Synthesis of Cyano(hydro)organoboranes and 2-Aza-1,4-diborabutatrienes
JF  - Chemistry—A European Journal
N2  - Cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene-stabilized (cyano)hydroboryl anions were synthesized by deprotonation of (cyano)dihydroborane precursors. While they display boron-centered nucleophilic reactivity towards organohalides, generating fully unsymmetrically substituted cyano(hydro)organoboranes, they show cyano-nitrogen-centered nucleophilic reactivity towards haloboranes, resulting in the formation of hitherto unknown linear 2-aza-1,4-diborabutatrienes.
KW  - nucleophile
KW  - boron
KW  - boryl anion
KW  - cumulene
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256853
VL  - 27
IS  - 37
ER  -