TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen A1 - Bieringer, Maria A1 - Han, Jung Woo A1 - Kendl, Sabine A1 - Khosravi, Mojtaba A1 - Plattet, Philippe T1 - Experimental Adaptation of Wild-Type Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) to the Human Entry Receptor CD150 JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Canine distemper virus (CDV), a close relative of measles virus (MV), is widespread and well known for its broad host range. When the goal of measles eradication may be achieved, and when measles vaccination will be stopped, CDV might eventually cross the species barrier to humans and emerge as a new human pathogen. In order to get an impression how fast such alterations may occur, we characterized required adaptive mutations to the human entry receptors CD150 (SLAM) and nectin-4 as first step to infect human target cells. Recombinant wild-type CDV-A75/17red adapted quickly to growth in human H358 epithelial cells expressing human nectin-4. Sequencing of the viral attachment proteins (hemagglutinin, H, and fusion protein, F) genes revealed that no adaptive alteration was required to utilize human nectin-4. In contrast, the virus replicated only to low titres (102 pfu/ml) in Vero cells expressing human CD150 (Vero-hSLAM). After three passages using these cells virus was adapted to human CD150 and replicated to high titres (105 pfu/ml). Sequence analyses revealed that only one amino acid exchange in the H-protein at position 540 Asp→Gly (D540G) was required for functional adaptation to human CD150. Structural modelling suggests that the adaptive mutation D540G in H reflects the sequence alteration from canine to human CD150 at position 70 and 71 from Pro to Leu (P70L) and Gly to Glu (G71E), and compensates for the gain of a negative charge in the human CD150 molecule. Using this model system our data indicate that only a minimal alteration, in this case one adaptive mutation, is required for adaptation of CDV to the human entry receptors, and help to understand the molecular basis why this adaptive mutation occurs. KW - antibodies KW - canine distemper virus KW - measles virus KW - microbial mutation KW - protein sequencing KW - recombinant proteins KW - ultraviolet radiation KW - vero cells Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96537 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jung, Jürgen T1 - GIS-gestützte Rekonstruktion der neogenen Reliefentwicklung tektonisch beeinflusster Mittelgebirgslandschaften am Beispiel des Spessarts (NW-Bayern, SE-Hessen) T1 - GIS-based reconstruction of early tertiary landscape evolution of a tectonic modified upland region shown by the example of the Spessart (NW-Bayern, SE-Hessen) N2 - Klimatische wie auch strukturelle Einflüsse haben in einem sich wandelnden Wirkungsgefüge an der Reliefentwicklung des Spessarts mitgewirkt. Seit dem ausgehenden Jura wurde die mesozoische Gesteinsauflage zunächst unter tropoiden Bedingungen von undifferenzierten Verwitterungs- und Abtragungsprozessen sukzessive aufgearbeitet. Eine zunehmend differenzierte Formung und Inwertsetzung des strukturellen Inventars ist mindestens seit dem Untermiozän feststellbar. Klimatische Veränderungen, unterstützt von tektonischen Aktivitäten haben sich früher als in anderen Mittelgebirgsregionen auf die Reliefgestaltung ausgewirkt. Rheinische Elemente tektonischer Deformationen setzen sich bereits im Oligozän durch, wie Untersuchungen der Tonlagerstätte Klingenberg belegen. Die untermiozäne Reliefdifferenzierung wird anhand der Sedimente und Vulkanite des Schlüchterner Beckens deutlich. Sedimente der Hanau-Seligenstädter Senke liefern Hinweise über die Ausräumung der Sandsteinschichten im Vorderen Spessart und die Entwicklung der Sandsteinstufe. Durch restriktive Flächenbildung im Stufenvorland wurde die Sandsteinstufe lagekonstant herauspräpariert. Der im Bereich des Stufenhanges und der Auslieger-Inselberge verbreitete Sandstein-Saprolit belegt den morphogenetischen Zusammenhang mit der tropoiden Verwitterungsdynamik. Die jungtertiäre und pleistozäne Formung hat zu einer Akzentuierung, die holozänen Prozesse zu einer lokalen Nivellierung des Reliefs beigetragen. Mit Hilfe des Geographischen Informationssystems (GIS) wurden morphogenetisch relevante Parameter, z.B. das Formeninventar, tertiäre Verwitterungsbildungen oder die Tektonik erfasst und thematisch überlagert. Eine morphologische Landschaftsdifferenzierung des Spessarts wurde anhand Geomorphologischer Raumeinheiten erarbeitet. N2 - The continuously changing interplay of climatic and structural influences participated in the origin of the Spessart landscape. Since the Jurassic period the Mesozoic layers were deformed by undifferentiated alteration and denudation processes under tropoid conditions.An increasing landform differentiation and accentuation of structural elements is detectable for the lower Miocene period. Much earlier than in other upland regions climatic change, supported by tectonic activities, affected the shaping of landforms. Rhenish elements were already prominent in the Oligocene as demonstrated by analysis of the clay deposits of Klingenberg. The landform differentiation of the lower Miocene is indicated by deposits and volcanic rocks of the Schlüchtern basin. Deposits of the Hanau-Seligenstadt basin provide the information base for erosive processes in the western Spessart, which removed the sandstone layers and led to the development of an escarpment. By restrictive planation processes in the foreland the escarpment was modelled out stationary from the sandstone. Relicts of a deep reaching weathering mantle (Sandstone Saprolite) around inselbergs and on slopes demonstrate a morphological correlation with a tropoid climate. Morphological processes in the younger Tertiary and in the Pleistocene period are characterized by accentuation, following by periodical levelling-of in the relief in the Holocene. By using a geographical information system (GIS) important morphological parameters, e.g. landforms, relicts of weathering and tectonic were databased and analysed. A morphological classification of the geomorphologic landscape units in the Spessart has been created. KW - Spessart KW - Geomorphogenese KW - Geoinformationssystem KW - Spessart KW - Mittelgebirge KW - Tertiär KW - GIS KW - Geomorphologie KW - Spessart KW - upland region KW - Tertiary KW - GIS KW - Geomorphology Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-20961 ER -