TY - JOUR A1 - Kaiser, Anna A1 - Aggensteiner, Pascal-M. A1 - Holtmann, Martin A1 - Fallgatter, Andreas A1 - Romanos, Marcel A1 - Abenova, Karina A1 - Alm, Barbara A1 - Becker, Katja A1 - Döpfner, Manfred A1 - Ethofer, Thomas A1 - Freitag, Christine M. A1 - Geissler, Julia A1 - Hebebrand, Johannes A1 - Huss, Michael A1 - Jans, Thomas A1 - Jendreizik, Lea Teresa A1 - Ketter, Johanna A1 - Legenbauer, Tanja A1 - Philipsen, Alexandra A1 - Poustka, Luise A1 - Renner, Tobias A1 - Retz, Wolfgang A1 - Rösler, Michael A1 - Thome, Johannes A1 - Uebel-von Sandersleben, Henrik A1 - von Wirth, Elena A1 - Zinnow, Toivo A1 - Hohmann, Sarah A1 - Millenet, Sabina A1 - Holz, Nathalie E. A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel T1 - EEG data quality: determinants and impact in a multicenter study of children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) JF - Brain Sciences N2 - Electroencephalography (EEG) represents a widely established method for assessing altered and typically developing brain function. However, systematic studies on EEG data quality, its correlates, and consequences are scarce. To address this research gap, the current study focused on the percentage of artifact-free segments after standard EEG pre-processing as a data quality index. We analyzed participant-related and methodological influences, and validity by replicating landmark EEG effects. Further, effects of data quality on spectral power analyses beyond participant-related characteristics were explored. EEG data from a multicenter ADHD-cohort (age range 6 to 45 years), and a non-ADHD school-age control group were analyzed (n\(_{total}\) = 305). Resting-state data during eyes open, and eyes closed conditions, and task-related data during a cued Continuous Performance Task (CPT) were collected. After pre-processing, general linear models, and stepwise regression models were fitted to the data. We found that EEG data quality was strongly related to demographic characteristics, but not to methodological factors. We were able to replicate maturational, task, and ADHD effects reported in the EEG literature, establishing a link with EEG-landmark effects. Furthermore, we showed that poor data quality significantly increases spectral power beyond effects of maturation and symptom severity. Taken together, the current results indicate that with a careful design and systematic quality control, informative large-scale multicenter trials characterizing neurophysiological mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan are feasible. Nevertheless, results are restricted to the limitations reported. Future work will clarify predictive value. KW - electroencephalography (EEG) KW - data quality KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) KW - artifacts KW - multicenter study Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228788 SN - 2076-3425 VL - 11 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kobsar, Anna A1 - Koehnlechner, Karina A1 - Klingler, Philipp A1 - Niklaus, Marius A1 - Zeller-Hahn, Julia A1 - Koessler, Angela A1 - Weber, Katja A1 - Boeck, Markus A1 - Koessler, Juergen T1 - The effect of short-term refrigeration on platelet responsiveness JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Storage of platelet concentrates (PC) at cold temperature (CT) is discussed as an alternative to the current standard of storage at room temperature (RT). Recently, we could show that cold-induced attenuation of inhibitory signaling is an important mechanism promoting platelet reactivity. For developing strategies in blood banking, it is required to elucidate the time-dependent onset of facilitated platelet activation. Thus, freshly prepared platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) was stored for 1 and 2 h at CT (2–6 °C) or at RT (20–24 °C), followed by subsequent comparative analysis. Compared to RT, basal and induced vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation levels were decreased under CT within 1 h by approximately 20%, determined by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. Concomitantly, ADP- and collagen-induced threshold aggregation values were enhanced by up to 30–40%. Furthermore, platelet-covered areas on collagen-coated slides and aggregate formation under flow conditions were increased after storage at CT, in addition to induced activation markers. In conclusion, a time period of 1–2 h for refrigeration is sufficient to induce an attenuation of inhibitory signaling, accompanied with an enhancement of platelet responsiveness. Short-term refrigeration may be considered as a rational approach to obtain PC with higher functional reactivity for the treatment of hemorrhage. KW - short‑term refrigeration KW - platelet responsiveness KW - cold temperature Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301390 VL - 12 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Plugaru, Karina-Anatolia T1 - Bestimmung der Prävalenz medikamentenresistenter HIV-Infektionen bei therapienaiven Patienten am Lighthouse Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi T1 - Prevalence of drug resistant HIV-Infections in nontreated Patients at the Lighthouse Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi N2 - Im Jahr 2015 wurde Plasmaproben von 161 HIV-positive Menschen auf HIV-Drug-Resistance untersucht. Die Patienten waren therapienaiv und wurde am Lighthouse-Hospital in Lilongwe, die Hauptstadt Malawis behandelt. Es zeigte sich eine HIVDR von insgesamt 17% welche aus mehreren Gesichtspunkte dargestellt worden sind, um zu zeigen ob 20105 in Malawi eingesetzte first-line Therapieregime eine gute Wirksamkeit zeigte. N2 - The thesis investigates the prevalence of drug resistant HIV-Infections in non-treated patients in 2015 at the Lighthouse Hospital in Lilongwe, the capital city of Malawi. 161 plasma samples have been collected and analyzed to look into the rates of HIVDR in the collective and examine how this can be related to national HIVDR levels, the WHO guidelines and put in perspective how the results may have had an impact in the evolution of ART in Africa, but also worldwide. Firstly HIV-RNA was isolated from the plasma samples. The HIV-RNA was then transcribed in DNA and afterwards amplified to collect multiple copies of the gag-pol area of the genome, which contains the genetic information for the HIV Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and Protease (P). The experiments concluded with sequencing the gag-pol area of the HIV-DNA and entering the sequences in the Databank of the Stanford University to establish the HIV-Subtype and detect HIVDR and its severity in the drug classes of Protease Inhibitors (PI) as well as Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI) and Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI). HIV RNA was isolated in 100 samples and were successfully sequenced. An overall rate of 17% mutations associated with HIVDR was found. Some samples showed multiple mutations, 13 % in the class of NNRTI, 8 in the class of PI and 1% in the class of NRTI. A further examination showed the severity of the HIVDR mutations in these drug classes and some particular substances that were recommended as first-line therapy regime by national guidelines in Malawi. In 2015 TLE (ART consisting of Tenofovir and Lamivudine, two NRTIs as well as Efavirenz, an NNRTI) was recommended as first-line regime by nationals guidelines. 13% high- and intermediate-level HIVDR was found for Efavirenz. There was a significant higher probability for a Patient in the group to show an HIVDR for Efavirenz in comparison to other substances of the first-line drug regime. The TLE Regime which has been used in 2015 at the Lighthouse Hospital in Lilongwe had an overall good effect in the therapy of HIV-Infections. Still the results show that 12% of the patients may suffer from poor response due to HIVDR. In these cases a transmitted HIVDR maybe assumed in these non treated patients. These may seem alarming, but it is not sure if the patients were forward about their therapy, or if maybe drug sharing or self therapy with drugs from black market could have been an issue. In conclusion these high rates of HIVDR in the drug class of NNRTI was also seen world wide in other examinations. As a response, the WHO updated Guidelines recommend since 2018 other ART regimes consisting of a combination with Integrase Inhibitors (INI) when available. Studies show that INI are less susceptible to develop an HIVDR due to a high resistance barrier. Still this medication is expensive an not always available in poor countries. The annual reports of UNAIDS give a positive development in the fight to contain HIV world-wide. KW - HIV-Infektion KW - HIV KW - HIVDR KW - Malawi Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322781 ER -