TY - JOUR A1 - Peters, Marcell K. A1 - Hemp, Andreas A1 - Appelhans, Tim A1 - Behler, Christina A1 - Classen, Alice A1 - Detsch, Florian A1 - Ensslin, Andreas A1 - Ferger, Stefan W. A1 - Frederiksen, Sara B. A1 - Gebert, Frederike A1 - Haas, Michael A1 - Helbig-Bonitz, Maria A1 - Hemp, Claudia A1 - Kindeketa, William J. A1 - Mwangomo, Ephraim A1 - Ngereza, Christine A1 - Otte, Insa A1 - Röder, Juliane A1 - Rutten, Gemma A1 - Costa, David Schellenberger A1 - Tardanico, Joseph A1 - Zancolli, Giulia A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Eardley, Connal D. A1 - Peters, Ralph S. A1 - Rödel, Mark-Oliver A1 - Schleuning, Matthias A1 - Ssymank, Axel A1 - Kakengi, Victor A1 - Zhang, Jie A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Brandl, Roland A1 - Kalko, Elisabeth K.V. A1 - Kleyer, Michael A1 - Nauss, Thomas A1 - Tschapka, Marco A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf T1 - Predictors of elevational biodiversity gradients change from single taxa to the multi-taxa community level JF - Nature Communications N2 - The factors determining gradients of biodiversity are a fundamental yet unresolved topic in ecology. While diversity gradients have been analysed for numerous single taxa, progress towards general explanatory models has been hampered by limitations in the phylogenetic coverage of past studies. By parallel sampling of 25 major plant and animal taxa along a 3.7 km elevational gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro, we quantify cross-taxon consensus in diversity gradients and evaluate predictors of diversity from single taxa to a multi-taxa community level. While single taxa show complex distribution patterns and respond to different environmental factors, scaling up diversity to the community level leads to an unambiguous support for temperature as the main predictor of species richness in both plants and animals. Our findings illuminate the influence of taxonomic coverage for models of diversity gradients and point to the importance of temperature for diversification and species coexistence in plant and animal communities. KW - community ecology KW - macroecology KW - tropical ecology KW - biodiversity Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169374 VL - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schleuning, Matthias A1 - Farwig, Nina A1 - Peters, Marcell K. A1 - Bergsdorf, Thomas A1 - Bleher, Bärbel A1 - Brandl, Roland A1 - Dalitz, Helmut A1 - Fischer, Georg A1 - Freund, Wolfram A1 - Gikungu, Mary W. A1 - Hagen, Melanie A1 - Garcia, Francisco Hita A1 - Kagezi, Godfrey H. A1 - Kaib, Manfred A1 - Kraemer, Manfred A1 - Lung, Tobias A1 - Naumann, Clas M. A1 - Schaab, Gertrud A1 - Templin, Mathias A1 - Uster, Dana A1 - Wägele, J. Wolfgang A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin T1 - Forest Fragmentation and Selective Logging Have Inconsistent Effects on Multiple Animal-Mediated Ecosystem Processes in a Tropical Forest JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Forest fragmentation and selective logging are two main drivers of global environmental change and modify biodiversity and environmental conditions in many tropical forests. The consequences of these changes for the functioning of tropical forest ecosystems have rarely been explored in a comprehensive approach. In a Kenyan rainforest, we studied six animal-mediated ecosystem processes and recorded species richness and community composition of all animal taxa involved in these processes. We used linear models and a formal meta-analysis to test whether forest fragmentation and selective logging affected ecosystem processes and biodiversity and used structural equation models to disentangle direct from biodiversity-related indirect effects of human disturbance on multiple ecosystem processes. Fragmentation increased decomposition and reduced antbird predation, while selective logging consistently increased pollination, seed dispersal and army-ant raiding. Fragmentation modified species richness or community composition of five taxa, whereas selective logging did not affect any component of biodiversity. Changes in the abundance of functionally important species were related to lower predation by antbirds and higher decomposition rates in small forest fragments. The positive effects of selective logging on bee pollination, bird seed dispersal and army-ant raiding were direct, i.e. not related to changes in biodiversity, and were probably due to behavioural changes of these highly mobile animal taxa. We conclude that animal-mediated ecosystem processes respond in distinct ways to different types of human disturbance in Kakamega Forest. Our findings suggest that forest fragmentation affects ecosystem processes indirectly by changes in biodiversity, whereas selective logging influences processes directly by modifying local environmental conditions and resource distributions. The positive to neutral effects of selective logging on ecosystem processes show that the functionality of tropical forests can be maintained in moderately disturbed forest fragments. Conservation concepts for tropical forests should thus include not only remaining pristine forests but also functionally viable forest remnants. KW - Ant-following birds KW - Land-use change KW - Habitat fragmentation KW - Rain-forest KW - Functional diversity KW - Plantation forests KW - Amazonian forest KW - Prunus-africana KW - Seed dispersal KW - Logged forests Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140093 VL - 6 IS - 11 ER - TY - THES A1 - Peters, Katrin T1 - Mechanismus der Polymerase-Inkorporation in foamyvirale Partikel T1 - Mechanismus of the Pol Protein-Incorporation into Foamy Virus Particles N2 - In allen Retroviren, mit Ausnahme der Foamyviren (FV), wird das Pol-Protein als Gag-Pol-Fusionsprotein exprimiert. Dieser Mechanismus sichert die Inkorporation von Pol in das virale Partikel. FV unterscheiden sich in vielen Merkmalen von den Orthoretroviren, unter anderem wird das Pol-Protein von einer eigenen gespleißten mRNA translatiert. Diese von Gag unabhängige Expression führt zu der Frage nach dem Mechanismus der Pol-Inkorporation in foamyvirale Partikel. Unter Nutzung eines transienten FV-Vektor Transfektionssystems, das auf der Kotransfektion von vier separaten Expressionseinheiten zur Produktion von Gag, Pol, Env und einer Vektor-RNA beruht, konnte gezeigt werden, daß (prä)genomische RNA für die effiziente Partikelinkorporation von Pol notwendig ist. Protein-Protein-Interaktionen zwischen Pol und Gag sind deshalb nicht ausreichend für die Bildung vollständiger Viruspartikel. Im nächsten Schritt wurde untersucht, ob es möglich ist spezifische Sequenzen in der Virus-RNA zu identifizieren, die für die Inkorporation des Pol-Proteins essentiell sind. Empririsch wurden bereits zwei cis-aktive Sequenzen (CAS) identifiziert, die, zusammen mit den long terminal repeats (LTR) und benachbarten Sequenzen für die reverse Transkription und Integration, ausreichend für effizienten FV-Vektortransfer sind. Daher müssen RNA-Elemente, die für die Verpackung des Pol-Proteins nötig sind, in diesen beiden CAS liegen. Durch das Einführen von Deletionen und anschließender Analyse der Proteinzusammensetzung und des RNA-Gehaltes von Viruspartikeln, wurden die für die Pol-Inkorporation essentiellen RNA-Sequenzen identifiziert. In dieser Arbeit konnten zwei RNA-Sequenzelemente definiert werden, die für die Partikelinkorporation des Pol-Proteins notwendig sind, diese wurden PES (Pol encapsidation sequences) genannt. Keines der beiden Sequenzelemente hat einen signifikanten Einfluß auf die Verpackung der Vektor-RNA, wohingegen bereits die Deletion einer der PES zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der Pol-Verpackung führt. Eine PES, die möglicherweise nur 30 nt umfaßt, liegt unmittelbar 5’ der PBS (Nukleotide 318-345, relativ zu PFV Transkriptionsstart) und die zweite PES mit einer wahrscheinlichen Länge von 370 nt liegt in der 3’ Region des pol-Gens (Nukleotide 4980-5351). Diese Ergebnisse führen zu einem Model, in dem die (prä)genomische RNA von FV als eine Art Brückenmolekül zwischen Gag und Pol fungiert. Die RNA interagiert auf der einen Seite über die PES mit Pol und auf der anderen Seite mit Gag über die GRI-Box im carboxyterminalen Bereich des Proteins und vermittelt so die Inkorporation des Pol-Proteins in das Gag-Kapsid. Weiterhin wurden die Voraussetzungen auf Proteinebene für die Verpackung des Pol-Proteins untersucht. Hierbei konnte gezeigt werden, daß nur das Pol-Vorläuferprotein und weder die einzelne Reverse Transkriptase- noch die Integrase-Untereinheit in das foamyvirale Partikel verpackt wird. Die enzymatischen Aktivitäten der Protease, der Reversen Transkriptase oder der Integrase des Pol-Proteins sind für die Verpackung jedoch nicht essentiell. N2 - In all retroviruses with the exception of foamy virus (FV), the Pol protein is expressed as a Gag-Pol precursor, which facilitates Pol incorporation into the viral particle. FVs diverge from orthoretroviruses in many ways. One of it is that the Pol protein is translated from a spliced mRNA independently of Gag. This method of expression raises the question of the mechanism of Pol incorporation into the viral particle. Using a transient FV vector transfection system based on cotransfection of four separate expression units to generate Gag, Pol, Env, and a vector RNA, it is shown that (pre)genomic RNA is required for efficient virion incorporation of Pol. Thus, protein-protein interactions of Pol with Gag are not sufficient to complete particle assembly. It is further investigated whether specific sequences on the RNA which allow for Pol protein incorporation can be identified. Two empirically identified cis-acting sequences (CAS) are, together with the long terminal repeats (LTR) and adjacent sequences required for reverse transcription and integration, sufficient to allow efficient FV vector transfer. Thus, any RNA element required for Pol protein encapsidation must be confined to these two CAS. By introducing deletions into the CAS elements and analyzing the protein compositions and RNA contents of FV particles, the RNA sequence elements required for Pol protein incorporation were identified. It is demonstrated that two distinct sequences in the RNA, which were termed Pol encapsidation sequences (PES), are required to incorporate Pol protein into the FV capsid. Neither element has any significant effect on RNA packaging. However, deletion of either PES resulted in a significant reduction in Pol encapsidation. One PES, which can be as short as 30 nt, is located just 5’ to the PBS (nucleotides 318-345 relative to PFV start of transcription) and another PES of probably 370 nt is located in the 3’ Region of the pol gen (nucleotides 4980-5351). These results lead to a model in which the (pre)genomic RNA serves as a bridging molecule for the interaction of Pol with Gag. On the one hand the RNA interacts with Pol via the PES and on the other hand with Gag via the GRI box in the carboxy terminus of Gag. This way RNA mediates encapsidation of Pol into the viral particle. Furthermore, the requirements on the protein level for encapsidating Pol protein were investigated. It is shown that only the Pol precursor, but not the individual reverse transcriptase or integrase subunits, is incorporated into FV particles. However, the enzymatic activities of the FV Pol protein are not required for encapsidation, at least as far as protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase activities are concerned. KW - Spumaviren KW - Polymerasen KW - Foamyviren KW - Polymerase-Proteine KW - Partikelzusammenbau KW - Foamyvirus KW - Polymerase-Protein KW - Particleassembly Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-17690 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoffer, Olaf A1 - Schülein, Stefanie A1 - Arand, Gerlinde A1 - Arnholdt, Hans A1 - Baaske, Dieter A1 - Bargou, Ralf C. A1 - Becker, Nikolaus A1 - Beckmann, Matthias W. A1 - Bodack, Yves A1 - Böhme, Beatrix A1 - Bozkurt, Tayfun A1 - Breitsprecher, Regine A1 - Buchali, Andre A1 - Burger, Elke A1 - Burger, Ulrike A1 - Dommisch, Klaus A1 - Elsner, Gudrun A1 - Fernschild, Karin A1 - Flintzer, Ulrike A1 - Funke, Uwe A1 - Gerken, Michael A1 - Göbel, Hubert A1 - Grobe, Norbert A1 - Gumpp, Vera A1 - Heinzerling, Lucie A1 - Kempfer, Lana Raffaela A1 - Kiani, Alexander A1 - Klinkhammer-Schalke, Monika A1 - Klöcking, Sabine A1 - Kreibich, Ute A1 - Knabner, Katrin A1 - Kuhn, Peter A1 - Lutze, Stine A1 - Mäder, Uwe A1 - Maisel, Tanja A1 - Maschke, Jan A1 - Middeke, Martin A1 - Neubauer, Andreas A1 - Niedostatek, Antje A1 - Opazo-Saez, Anabelle A1 - Peters, Christoph A1 - Schell, Beatrice A1 - Schenkirsch, Gerhard A1 - Schmalenberg, Harald A1 - Schmidt, Peter A1 - Schneider, Constanze A1 - Schubotz, Birgit A1 - Seide, Anika A1 - Strecker, Paul A1 - Taubenheim, Sabine A1 - Wackes, Matthias A1 - Weiß, Steffen A1 - Welke, Claudia A1 - Werner, Carmen A1 - Wittekind, Christian A1 - Wulff, Jörg A1 - Zettl, Heike A1 - Klug, Stefanie J. T1 - Tumour stage distribution and survival of malignant melanoma in Germany 2002-2011 JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background Over the past two decades, there has been a rising trend in malignant melanoma incidence worldwide. In 2008, Germany introduced a nationwide skin cancer screening program starting at age 35. The aims of this study were to analyse the distribution of malignant melanoma tumour stages over time, as well as demographic and regional differences in stage distribution and survival of melanoma patients. Methods Pooled data from 61 895 malignant melanoma patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2011 and documented in 28 German population-based and hospital-based clinical cancer registries were analysed using descriptive methods, joinpoint regression, logistic regression and relative survival. Results The number of annually documented cases increased by 53.2% between 2002 (N = 4 779) and 2011 (N = 7 320). There was a statistically significant continuous positive trend in the proportion of stage UICC I cases diagnosed between 2002 and 2011, compared to a negative trend for stage UICC II. No trends were found for stages UICC III and IV respectively. Age (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.97–0.97), sex (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11–1.25), date of diagnosis (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.06), ‘diagnosis during screening’ (OR 3.24, 95% CI 2.50–4.19) and place of residence (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16–1.30) had a statistically significant influence on the tumour stage at diagnosis. The overall 5-year relative survival for invasive cases was 83.4% (95% CI 82.8–83.9%). Conclusions No distinct changes in the distribution of malignant melanoma tumour stages among those aged 35 and older were seen that could be directly attributed to the introduction of skin cancer screening in 2008. " KW - Malignant melanoma KW - TNM staging KW - Survival analysis KW - Skin cancer screening KW - Stage distribution Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164544 VL - 16 IS - 936 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziegler, Alice A1 - Meyer, Hanna A1 - Otte, Insa A1 - Peters, Marcell K. A1 - Appelhans, Tim A1 - Behler, Christina A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Classen, Alice A1 - Detsch, Florian A1 - Deckert, Jürgen A1 - Eardley, Connal D. A1 - Ferger, Stefan W. A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Gebert, Friederike A1 - Haas, Michael A1 - Helbig-Bonitz, Maria A1 - Hemp, Andreas A1 - Hemp, Claudia A1 - Kakengi, Victor A1 - Mayr, Antonia V. A1 - Ngereza, Christine A1 - Reudenbach, Christoph A1 - Röder, Juliane A1 - Rutten, Gemma A1 - Schellenberger Costa, David A1 - Schleuning, Matthias A1 - Ssymank, Axel A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf A1 - Tardanico, Joseph A1 - Tschapka, Marco A1 - Vollstädt, Maximilian G. R. A1 - Wöllauer, Stephan A1 - Zhang, Jie A1 - Brandl, Roland A1 - Nauss, Thomas T1 - Potential of airborne LiDAR derived vegetation structure for the prediction of animal species richness at Mount Kilimanjaro JF - Remote Sensing N2 - The monitoring of species and functional diversity is of increasing relevance for the development of strategies for the conservation and management of biodiversity. Therefore, reliable estimates of the performance of monitoring techniques across taxa become important. Using a unique dataset, this study investigates the potential of airborne LiDAR-derived variables characterizing vegetation structure as predictors for animal species richness at the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. To disentangle the structural LiDAR information from co-factors related to elevational vegetation zones, LiDAR-based models were compared to the predictive power of elevation models. 17 taxa and 4 feeding guilds were modeled and the standardized study design allowed for a comparison across the assemblages. Results show that most taxa (14) and feeding guilds (3) can be predicted best by elevation with normalized RMSE values but only for three of those taxa and two of those feeding guilds the difference to other models is significant. Generally, modeling performances between different models vary only slightly for each assemblage. For the remaining, structural information at most showed little additional contribution to the performance. In summary, LiDAR observations can be used for animal species prediction. However, the effort and cost of aerial surveys are not always in proportion with the prediction quality, especially when the species distribution follows zonal patterns, and elevation information yields similar results. KW - biodiversity KW - species richness KW - LiDAR KW - elevation KW - partial least square regression KW - arthropods KW - birds KW - bats KW - predictive modeling Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262251 SN - 2072-4292 VL - 14 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albrecht, Jörg A1 - Classen, Alice A1 - Vollstädt, Maximilian G.R. A1 - Mayr, Antonia A1 - Mollel, Neduvoto P. A1 - Schellenberger Costa, David A1 - Dulle, Hamadi I. A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Hemp, Andreas A1 - Howell, Kim M. A1 - Kleyer, Michael A1 - Nauss, Thomas A1 - Peters, Marcell K. A1 - Tschapka, Marco A1 - Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf A1 - Böhning-Gaese, Katrin A1 - Schleuning, Matthias T1 - Plant and animal functional diversity drive mutualistic network assembly across an elevational gradient JF - Nature Communications N2 - Species' functional traits set the blueprint for pair-wise interactions in ecological networks. Yet, it is unknown to what extent the functional diversity of plant and animal communities controls network assembly along environmental gradients in real-world ecosystems. Here we address this question with a unique dataset of mutualistic bird-fruit, bird-flower and insect-flower interaction networks and associated functional traits of 200 plant and 282 animal species sampled along broad climate and land-use gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro. We show that plant functional diversity is mainly limited by precipitation, while animal functional diversity is primarily limited by temperature. Furthermore, shifts in plant and animal functional diversity along the elevational gradient control the niche breadth and partitioning of the respective other trophic level. These findings reveal that climatic constraints on the functional diversity of either plants or animals determine the relative importance of bottom-up and top-down control in plant-animal interaction networks. KW - Traits-Environment Relationships KW - Species Traits KW - Ecological Networks KW - 4TH-Corner Problem KW - Multiple Traits KW - Bottom-up KW - Biodiversity KW - Community ecology KW - Ecological networks KW - Ecology KW - Ecosystem ecology Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-221056 VL - 9 ER -