TY  - JOUR
A1  - Qamar, Muhammad Uzair
A1  - Azmat, Muhammad
A1  - Abbas, Azhar
A1  - Usman, Muhammad
A1  - Shahid, Muhammad Adnan
A1  - Khan, Zahid Mahmood
T1  - Water Pricing and Implementation Strategies for the Sustainability of an Irrigation System: A Case Study within the Command Area of the Rakh Branch Canal
JF  - Water
N2  - The command area of the Rakh branch canal grows wheat, sugarcane, and rice crops in abundance. The canal water, which is trivial for irrigating these crops, is conveyed to the farms through the network of canals and distributaries. For the maintenance of this vast infrastructure; the end users are charged on a seasonal basis. The present water charges are severely criticized for not being adequate to properly manage the entire infrastructure. We use the residual value to determine the value of the irrigation water and then based on the quantity of irrigation water supplied to farm land coupled with the infrastructure maintenance cost, full cost recovery figures are executed for the study area, and policy recommendations are made for the implementation of the full cost recovery system. The approach is unique in the sense that the pricings are based on the actual quantity of water conveyed to the field for irrigating crops. The results of our analysis showed that the canal water is severely under charged in the culturable command area of selected distributaries, thus negating the plan of having a self-sustainable irrigation system.
KW  - irrigation pricing
KW  - value of water
KW  - distributary
KW  - culturable command area
KW  - sustainable irrigation system
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-224711
VL  - 10
IS  - 4, 509
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Khan, Muhammad Usman
A1  - Pirzadeh, Maryam
A1  - Förster, Carola Yvette
A1  - Shityakov, Sergey
A1  - Shariati, Mohammad Ali
T1  - Role of milk-derived antibacterial peptides in modern food biotechnology: their synthesis, applications and future perspectives
JF  - Biomolecules
N2  - Milk-derived antibacterial peptides (ABPs) are protein fragments with a positive influence on the functions and conditions of a living organism. Milk-derived ABPs have several useful properties important for human health, comprising a significant antibacterial effect against various pathogens, but contain toxic side-effects. These compounds are mainly produced from milk proteins via fermentation and protein hydrolysis. However, they can also be produced using recombinant DNA techniques or organic synthesis. This review describes the role of milk-derived ABPs in modern food biotechnology with an emphasis on their synthesis and applications. Additionally, we also discuss the mechanisms of action and the main bioproperties of ABPs. Finally, we explore future perspectives for improving ABP physicochemical properties and diminishing their toxic side-effects.
KW  - milk proteins
KW  - bioactive peptide
KW  - antibacterial activity
KW  - fermentation
KW  - protein hydrolysis
KW  - recombinant DNA
KW  - peptide synthesis
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197610
SN  - 2218-273X
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -