TY - JOUR A1 - Zhao, De-Wei A1 - Yu, Mang A1 - Hu, Kai A1 - Wang, Wei A1 - Yang, Lei A1 - Wang, Ben-Jie A1 - Gao, Xiao-Hong A1 - Guo, Yong-Ming A1 - Xu, Yong-Qing A1 - Wei, Yu-Shan A1 - Tian, Si-Miao A1 - Yang, Fan A1 - Wang, Nan A1 - Huang, Shi-Bo A1 - Xie, Hui A1 - Wei, Xiao-Wei A1 - Jiang, Hai-Shen A1 - Zang, Yu-Qiang A1 - Ai, Jun A1 - Chen, Yuan-Liang A1 - Lei, Guang-Hua A1 - Li, Yu-Jin A1 - Tian, Geng A1 - Li, Zong-Sheng A1 - Cao, Yong A1 - Ma, Li T1 - Prevalence of Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and its Associated Risk Factors in the Chinese Population: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey JF - Chinese Medical Journal N2 - Background: Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a debilitating disease that represents a significant financial burden for both individuals and healthcare systems. Despite its significance, however, its prevalence in the Chinese general population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NONFH and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population. Methods: A nationally representative survey of 30,030 respondents was undertaken from June 2012 to August 2013. All participants underwent a questionnaire investigation, physical examination of hip, and bilateral hip joint X-ray and/or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting to test serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations between various metabolic, demographic, and lifestyle-related variables and NONFH. Results: NONFH was diagnosed in 218 subjects (0.725%) and the estimated NONFH cases were 8.12 million among Chinese people aged 15 years and over. The prevalence of NONFH was significantly higher in males than in females (1.02% vs. 0.51%, \(\chi^2\) = 24.997, P < 0.001). Among NONFH patients, North residents were subjected to higher prevalence of NONFH than that of South residents (0.85% vs. 0.61%, \(\chi^2\) = 5.847, P = 0.016). Our multivariate regression analysis showed that high blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol, male, urban residence, family history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid intake, overweight, and obesity were all significantly associated with an increased risk of NONFH. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that NONFH is a significant public health challenge in China and underscore the need for policy measures on the national level. Furthermore, NONFH shares a number of risk factors with atherosclerosis. KW - nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head KW - risk factors KW - idiopathic osteonecrosis KW - early-stage osteonecrosis KW - implantation KW - bone KW - marrow KW - follow-up KW - intake KW - avascular necrosis KW - occupational-status KW - cigarette smoking KW - alcohol KW - prevalence Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-138482 VL - 128 IS - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Ming A1 - Zhang, Rui A1 - Fan, Guangyi A1 - Xu, Wenteng A1 - Zhou, Qian A1 - Wang, Lei A1 - Li, Wensheng A1 - Pang, Zunfang A1 - Yu, Mengjun A1 - Liu, Qun A1 - Liu, Xin A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Chen, Songlin T1 - Reconstruction of the Origin of a Neo-Y Sex Chromosome and Its Evolution in the Spotted Knifejaw, Oplegnathus punctatus JF - Molecular Biology and Evolution N2 - Sex chromosomes are a peculiar constituent of the genome because the evolutionary forces that fix the primary sex-determining gene cause genic degeneration and accumulation of junk DNA in the heterogametic partner. One of the most spectacular phenomena in sex chromosome evolution is the occurrence of neo-Y chromosomes, which lead to X1X2Y sex-determining systems. Such neo-sex chromosomes are critical for understanding the processes of sex chromosome evolution because they rejuvenate their total gene content. We assembled the male and female genomes at the chromosome level of the spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus), which has a cytogenetically recognized neo-Y chromosome. The full assembly and annotation of all three sex chromosomes allowed us to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Contrary to other neo-Y chromosomes, the fusion to X2 is quite ancient, estimated at 48 Ma. Despite its old age and being even older in the X1 homologous region which carries a huge inversion that occurred as early as 55–48 Ma, genetic degeneration of the neo-Y appears to be only moderate. Transcriptomic analysis showed that sex chromosomes harbor 87 genes, which may serve important functions in the testis. The accumulation of such male-beneficial genes, a large inversion on the X1 homologous region and fusion to X2 appear to be the main drivers of neo-Y evolution in the spotted knifejaw. The availability of high-quality assemblies of the neo-Y and both X chromosomes make this fish an ideal model for a better understanding of the variability of sex determination mechanisms and of sex chromosome evolution. KW - neo-Y KW - evolution; KW - spotted knifejaw KW - genome Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-364215 VL - 38 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Xu, Li A1 - He, Jianzheng A1 - Kaiser, Andrea A1 - Gräber, Nikolas A1 - Schläger, Laura A1 - Ritze, Yvonne A1 - Scholz, Henrike T1 - A Single Pair of Serotonergic Neurons Counteracts Serotonergic Inhibition of Ethanol Attraction in Drosophila JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Attraction to ethanol is common in both flies and humans, but the neuromodulatory mechanisms underlying this innate attraction are not well understood. Here, we dissect the function of the key regulator of serotonin signaling—the serotonin transporter–in innate olfactory attraction to ethanol in Drosophila melanogaster. We generated a mutated version of the serotonin transporter that prolongs serotonin signaling in the synaptic cleft and is targeted via the Gal4 system to different sets of serotonergic neurons. We identified four serotonergic neurons that inhibit the olfactory attraction to ethanol and two additional neurons that counteract this inhibition by strengthening olfactory information. Our results reveal that compensation can occur on the circuit level and that serotonin has a bidirectional function in modulating the innate attraction to ethanol. Given the evolutionarily conserved nature of the serotonin transporter and serotonin, the bidirectional serotonergic mechanisms delineate a basic principle for how random behavior is switched into targeted approach behavior. KW - attraction KW - ethanol KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - serotonin transporter Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166762 VL - 11 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Liu, Han A1 - Chen, Chunhai A1 - Gao, Zexia A1 - Min, Jiumeng A1 - Gu, Yongming A1 - Jian, Jianbo A1 - Jiang, Xiewu A1 - Cai, Huimin A1 - Ebersberger, Ingo A1 - Xu, Meng A1 - Zhang, Xinhui A1 - Chen, Jianwei A1 - Luo, Wei A1 - Chen, Boxiang A1 - Chen, Junhui A1 - Liu, Hong A1 - Li, Jiang A1 - Lai, Ruifang A1 - Bai, Mingzhou A1 - Wei, Jin A1 - Yi, Shaokui A1 - Wang, Huanling A1 - Cao, Xiaojuan A1 - Zhou, Xiaoyun A1 - Zhao, Yuhua A1 - Wei, Kaijian A1 - Yang, Ruibin A1 - Liu, Bingnan A1 - Zhao, Shancen A1 - Fang, Xiaodong A1 - Schartl, Manfred A1 - Qian, Xueqiao A1 - Wang, Weimin T1 - The draft genome of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) reveals the development of intermuscular bone and adaptation to herbivorous diet JF - GigaScience N2 - The blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala is the economically most important cyprinid fish species. As an herbivore, it can be grown by eco-friendly and resource-conserving aquaculture. However, the large number of intermuscular bones in the trunk musculature is adverse to fish meat processing and consumption. As a first towards optimizing this aquatic livestock, we present a 1.116-Gb draft genome of M. amblycephala, with 779.54 Mb anchored on 24 linkage groups. Integrating spatiotemporal transcriptome analyses, we show that intermuscular bone is formed in the more basal teleosts by intramembranous ossification and may be involved in muscle contractibility and coordinating cellular events. Comparative analysis revealed that olfactory receptor genes, especially of the beta type, underwent an extensive expansion in herbivorous cyprinids, whereas the gene for the umami receptor T1R1 was specifically lost in M. amblycephala. The composition of gut microflora, which contributes to the herbivorous adaptation of M. amblycephala, was found to be similar to that of other herbivores. As a valuable resource for the improvement of M. amblycephala livestock, the draft genome sequence offers new insights into the development of intermuscular bone and herbivorous adaptation. KW - Megalobrama amblycephala KW - whole genome KW - herbivorous diet KW - intermuscular bone KW - transcriptome KW - gut microflora Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170844 VL - 6 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilson, Duncan A1 - Ambler, Gareth A1 - Lee, Keon-Joo A1 - Lim, Jae-Sung A1 - Shiozawa, Masayuki A1 - Koga, Masatoshi A1 - Li, Linxin A1 - Lovelock, Caroline A1 - Chabriat, Hugues A1 - Hennerici, Michael A1 - Wong, Yuen Kwun A1 - Mak, Henry Ka Fung A1 - Prats-Sánchez, Luis A1 - Martínez-Domeño, Alejandro A1 - Inamura, Shigeru A1 - Yoshifuji, Kazuhisa A1 - Arsava, Ethem Murat A1 - Horstmann, Solveig A1 - Purrucker, Jan A1 - Lam, Bonnie Yin Ka A1 - Wong, Adrian A1 - Kim, Young Dae A1 - Song, Tae-Jin A1 - Schrooten, Maarten A1 - Lemmens, Robin A1 - Eppinger, Sebastian A1 - Gattringer, Thomas A1 - Uysal, Ender A1 - Tanriverdi, Zeynep A1 - Bornstein, Natan M A1 - Ben Assayag, Einor A1 - Hallevi, Hen A1 - Tanaka, Jun A1 - Hara, Hideo A1 - Coutts, Shelagh B A1 - Hert, Lisa A1 - Polymeris, Alexandros A1 - Seiffge, David J A1 - Lyrer, Philippe A1 - Algra, Ale A1 - Kappelle, Jaap A1 - Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi A1 - Jäger, Hans R A1 - Lip, Gregory Y H A1 - Mattle, Heinrich P A1 - Panos, Leonidas D A1 - Mas, Jean-Louis A1 - Legrand, Laurence A1 - Karayiannis, Christopher A1 - Phan, Thanh A1 - Gunkel, Sarah A1 - Christ, Nicolas A1 - Abrigo, Jill A1 - Leung, Thomas A1 - Chu, Winnie A1 - Chappell, Francesca A1 - Makin, Stephen A1 - Hayden, Derek A1 - Williams, David J A1 - Kooi, M Eline A1 - van Dam-Nolen, Dianne H K A1 - Barbato, Carmen A1 - Browning, Simone A1 - Wiegertjes, Kim A1 - Tuladhar, Anil M A1 - Maaijwee, Noortje A1 - Guevarra, Christine A1 - Yatawara, Chathuri A1 - Mendyk, Anne-Marie A1 - Delmaire, Christine A1 - Köhler, Sebastian A1 - van Oostenbrugge, Robert A1 - Zhou, Ying A1 - Xu, Chao A1 - Hilal, Saima A1 - Gyanwali, Bibek A1 - Chen, Christopher A1 - Lou, Min A1 - Staals, Julie A1 - Bordet, Régis A1 - Kandiah, Nagaendran A1 - de Leeuw, Frank-Erik A1 - Simister, Robert A1 - van der Lugt, Aad A1 - Kelly, Peter J A1 - Wardlaw, Joanna M A1 - Soo, Yannie A1 - Fluri, Felix A1 - Srikanth, Velandai A1 - Calvet, David A1 - Jung, Simon A1 - Kwa, Vincent I H A1 - Engelter, Stefan T A1 - Peters, Nils A1 - Smith, Eric E A1 - Yakushiji, Yusuke A1 - Necioglu Orken, Dilek A1 - Fazekas, Franz A1 - Thijs, Vincent A1 - Heo, Ji Hoe A1 - Mok, Vincent A1 - Veltkamp, Roland A1 - Ay, Hakan A1 - Imaizumi, Toshio A1 - Gomez-Anson, Beatriz A1 - Lau, Kui Kai A1 - Jouvent, Eric A1 - Rothwell, Peter M A1 - Toyoda, Kazunori A1 - Bae, Hee-Yoon A1 - Marti-Fabregas, Joan A1 - Werring, David J T1 - Cerebral microbleeds and stroke risk after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies JF - The Lancet Neurology N2 - Background Cerebral microbleeds are a neuroimaging biomarker of stroke risk. A crucial clinical question is whether cerebral microbleeds indicate patients with recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in whom the rate of future intracranial haemorrhage is likely to exceed that of recurrent ischaemic stroke when treated with antithrombotic drugs. We therefore aimed to establish whether a large burden of cerebral microbleeds or particular anatomical patterns of cerebral microbleeds can identify ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack patients at higher absolute risk of intracranial haemorrhage than ischaemic stroke. Methods We did a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies in adults with recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Cohorts were eligible for inclusion if they prospectively recruited adult participants with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack; included at least 50 participants; collected data on stroke events over at least 3 months follow-up; used an appropriate MRI sequence that is sensitive to magnetic susceptibility; and documented the number and anatomical distribution of cerebral microbleeds reliably using consensus criteria and validated scales. Our prespecified primary outcomes were a composite of any symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage or ischaemic stroke, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, and symptomatic ischaemic stroke. We registered this study with the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews, number CRD42016036602. Findings Between Jan 1, 1996, and Dec 1, 2018, we identified 344 studies. After exclusions for ineligibility or declined requests for inclusion, 20 322 patients from 38 cohorts (over 35 225 patient-years of follow-up; median 1·34 years [IQR 0·19–2·44]) were included in our analyses. The adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] comparing patients with cerebral microbleeds to those without was 1·35 (95% CI 1·20–1·50) for the composite outcome of intracranial haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke; 2·45 (1·82–3·29) for intracranial haemorrhage and 1·23 (1·08–1·40) for ischaemic stroke. The aHR increased with increasing cerebral microbleed burden for intracranial haemorrhage but this effect was less marked for ischaemic stroke (for five or more cerebral microbleeds, aHR 4·55 [95% CI 3·08–6·72] for intracranial haemorrhage vs 1·47 [1·19–1·80] for ischaemic stroke; for ten or more cerebral microbleeds, aHR 5·52 [3·36–9·05] vs 1·43 [1·07–1·91]; and for ≥20 cerebral microbleeds, aHR 8·61 [4·69–15·81] vs 1·86 [1·23–2·82]). However, irrespective of cerebral microbleed anatomical distribution or burden, the rate of ischaemic stroke exceeded that of intracranial haemorrhage (for ten or more cerebral microbleeds, 64 ischaemic strokes [95% CI 48–84] per 1000 patient-years vs 27 intracranial haemorrhages [17–41] per 1000 patient-years; and for ≥20 cerebral microbleeds, 73 ischaemic strokes [46–108] per 1000 patient-years vs 39 intracranial haemorrhages [21–67] per 1000 patient-years). Interpretation In patients with recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack, cerebral microbleeds are associated with a greater relative hazard (aHR) for subsequent intracranial haemorrhage than for ischaemic stroke, but the absolute risk of ischaemic stroke is higher than that of intracranial haemorrhage, regardless of cerebral microbleed presence, antomical distribution, or burden. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-233710 VL - 18 ER -