TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lu, Lu
A1  - Mönius, Katja
T1  - Algebraic degree of Cayley graphs over abelian groups and dihedral groups
JF  - Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics
N2  - For a graph \(\Gamma\) , let K be the smallest field containing all eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of \(\Gamma\) . The algebraic degree \(\deg (\Gamma )\) is the extension degree \([K:\mathbb {Q}]\). In this paper, we completely determine the algebraic degrees of Cayley graphs over abelian groups and dihedral groups.
KW  - Cayley graph
KW  - integral graph
KW  - algebraic degree
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324380
SN  - 0925-9899
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Daryaee, Fereidoon
A1  - Chang, Andrew
A1  - Schiebel, Johannes
A1  - Lu, Yang
A1  - Zhang, Zhuo
A1  - Kapilashrami, Kanishk
A1  - Walker, Stephen G.
A1  - Kisker, Caroline
A1  - Sotriffer, Christoph A.
A1  - Fisher, Stewart L.
A1  - Tonge, Peter J.
T1  - Correlating drug-target kinetics and in vivo pharmacodynamics: long residence time inhibitors of the FabI enoyl-ACP reductase
JF  - Chemical Science
N2  - Drug-target kinetics enable time-dependent changes in target engagement to be quantified as a function of drug concentration. When coupled to drug pharmacokinetics (PK), drug-target kinetics can thus be used to predict in vivo pharmacodynamics (PD). Previously we described a mechanistic PK/PD model that successfully predicted the antibacterial activity of an LpxC inhibitor in a model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. In the present work we demonstrate that the same approach can be used to predict the in vivo activity of an enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitor in a model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. This is significant because the LpxC inhibitors are cidal, whereas the FabI inhibitors are static. In addition P. aeruginosa is a Gram-negative organism whereas MRSA is Gram-positive. Thus this study supports the general applicability of our modeling approach across antibacterial space.
KW  - Staphylococcus aureus
KW  - antibacterial activity
KW  - LpxC inhibitors
KW  - enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitors
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-191218
VL  - 7
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Majounie, Elisa
A1  - Renton, Alan E.
A1  - Mok, Kin
A1  - Dopper, Elise G. P.
A1  - Waite, Adrian
A1  - Rollinson, Sara
A1  - Chiò, Adriano
A1  - Restagno, Gabriella
A1  - Nicolaou, Nayia
A1  - Simon-Sanchez, Javier
A1  - van Swieten, John C.
A1  - Abramzon, Yevgeniya
A1  - Johnson, Janel O.
A1  - Sendtner, Michael
A1  - Pamphlett, Roger
A1  - Orrell, Richard W.
A1  - Mead, Simon
A1  - Sidle, Katie C.
A1  - Houlden, Henry
A1  - Rohrer, Jonathan D.
A1  - Morrison, Karen E.
A1  - Pall, Hardev
A1  - Talbot, Kevin
A1  - Ansorge, Olaf
A1  - Hernandez, Dena G.
A1  - Arepalli, Sampath
A1  - Sabatelli, Mario
A1  - Mora, Gabriele
A1  - Corbo, Massimo
A1  - Giannini, Fabio
A1  - Calvo, Andrea
A1  - Englund, Elisabet
A1  - Borghero, Giuseppe
A1  - Floris, Gian Luca
A1  - Remes, Anne M.
A1  - Laaksovirta, Hannu
A1  - McCluskey, Leo
A1  - Trojanowski, John Q.
A1  - Van Deerlin, Vivianna M.
A1  - Schellenberg, Gerard D.
A1  - Nalls, Michael A.
A1  - Drory, Vivian E.
A1  - Lu, Chin-Song
A1  - Yeh, Tu-Hsueh
A1  - Ishiura, Hiroyuki
A1  - Takahashi, Yuji
A1  - Tsuji, Shoji
A1  - Le Ber, Isabelle
A1  - Brice, Alexis
A1  - Drepper, Carsten
A1  - Williams, Nigel
A1  - Kirby, Janine
A1  - Shaw, Pamela
A1  - Hardy, John
A1  - Tienari, Pentti J.
A1  - Heutink, Peter
A1  - Morris, Huw R.
A1  - Pickering-Brown, Stuart
A1  - Traynor, Bryan J.
T1  - Frequency of the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: a cross-sectional study
JF  - The Lancet Neurology
N2  - Background
We aimed to accurately estimate the frequency of a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 that has been associated with a large proportion of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

Methods
We screened 4448 patients diagnosed with ALS (El Escorial criteria) and 1425 patients with FTD (Lund-Manchester criteria) from 17 regions worldwide for the GGGGCC hexanucleotide expansion using a repeat-primed PCR assay. We assessed familial disease status on the basis of self-reported family history of similar neurodegenerative diseases at the time of sample collection. We compared haplotype data for 262 patients carrying the expansion with the known Finnish founder risk haplotype across the chromosomal locus. We calculated age-related penetrance using the Kaplan-Meier method with data for 603 individuals with the expansion.

Findings
In patients with sporadic ALS, we identified the repeat expansion in 236 (7·0%) of 3377 white individuals from the USA, Europe, and Australia, two (4·1%) of 49 black individuals from the USA, and six (8·3%) of 72 Hispanic individuals from the USA. The mutation was present in 217 (39·3%) of 552 white individuals with familial ALS from Europe and the USA. 59 (6·0%) of 981 white Europeans with sporadic FTD had the mutation, as did 99 (24·8%) of 400 white Europeans with familial FTD. Data for other ethnic groups were sparse, but we identified one Asian patient with familial ALS (from 20 assessed) and two with familial FTD (from three assessed) who carried the mutation. The mutation was not carried by the three Native Americans or 360 patients from Asia or the Pacific Islands with sporadic ALS who were tested, or by 41 Asian patients with sporadic FTD. All patients with the repeat expansion had (partly or fully) the founder haplotype, suggesting a one-off expansion occurring about 1500 years ago. The pathogenic expansion was non-penetrant in individuals younger than 35 years, 50% penetrant by 58 years, and almost fully penetrant by 80 years.

Interpretation
A common Mendelian genetic lesion in C9orf72 is implicated in many cases of sporadic and familial ALS and FTD. Testing for this pathogenic expansion should be considered in the management and genetic counselling of patients with these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.
KW  - DNA repeat expansion
KW  - C9orf72
KW  - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
KW  - frontotemporal dementia
KW  - cross-sectional studies
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154644
VL  - 11
SP  - 323
EP  - 330
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Couch, Fergus J.
A1  - Wang, Xianshu
A1  - McGuffog, Lesley
A1  - Lee, Andrew
A1  - Olswold, Curtis
A1  - Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B.
A1  - Soucy, Penny
A1  - Fredericksen, Zachary
A1  - Barrowdale, Daniel
A1  - Dennis, Joe
A1  - Gaudet, Mia M.
A1  - Dicks, Ed
A1  - Kosel, Matthew
A1  - Healey, Sue
A1  - Sinilnikova, Olga M.
A1  - Lee, Adam
A1  - Bacot, Françios
A1  - Vincent, Daniel
A1  - Hogervorst, Frans B. L.
A1  - Peock, Susan
A1  - Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique
A1  - Jakubowska, Anna
A1  - Radice, Paolo
A1  - Schmutzler, Rita Katharina
A1  - Domchek, Susan M.
A1  - Piedmonte, Marion
A1  - Singer, Christian F.
A1  - Friedman, Eitan
A1  - Thomassen, Mads
A1  - Hansen, Thomas V. O.
A1  - Neuhausen, Susan L.
A1  - Szabo, Csilla I.
A1  - Blanco, Ingnacio
A1  - Greene, Mark H.
A1  - Karlan, Beth Y.
A1  - Garber, Judy
A1  - Phelan, Catherine M.
A1  - Weitzel, Jeffrey N.
A1  - Montagna, Marco
A1  - Olah, Edith
A1  - Andrulis, Irene L.
A1  - Godwin, Andrew K.
A1  - Yannoukakos, Drakoulis
A1  - Goldgar, David E.
A1  - Caldes, Trinidad
A1  - Nevanlinna, Heli
A1  - Osorio, Ana
A1  - Terry, Mary Beth
A1  - Daly, Mary B.
A1  - van Rensburg, Elisabeth J.
A1  - Hamann, Ute
A1  - Ramus, Susan J.
A1  - Toland, Amanda Ewart
A1  - Caligo, Maria A.
A1  - Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.
A1  - Tung, Nadine
A1  - Claes, Kathleen
A1  - Beattie, Mary S.
A1  - Southey, Melissa C.
A1  - Imyanitov, Evgeny N.
A1  - Tischkowitz, Marc
A1  - Janavicius, Ramunas
A1  - John, Esther M.
A1  - Kwong, Ava
A1  - Diez, Orland
A1  - Kwong, Ava
A1  - Balmaña, Judith
A1  - Barkardottir, Rosa B.
A1  - Arun, Banu K.
A1  - Rennert, Gad
A1  - Teo, Soo-Hwang
A1  - Ganz, Patricia A.
A1  - Campbell, Ian
A1  - van der Hout, Annemarie H.
A1  - van Deurzen, Carolien H. M.
A1  - Seynaeve, Caroline
A1  - Garcia, Encarna B. Gómez
A1  - van Leeuwen, Flora E.
A1  - Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne E. J.
A1  - Gille, Johannes J. P.
A1  - Ausems, Magreet G. E. M.
A1  - Blok, Marinus J.
A1  - Ligtenberg, Marjolinjin J. L.
A1  - Rookus, Matti A.
A1  - Devilee, Peter
A1  - Verhoef, Senno
A1  - van Os, Theo A. M.
A1  - Wijnen, Juul T.
A1  - Frost, Debra
A1  - Ellis, Steve
A1  - Fineberg, Elena
A1  - Platte, Radke
A1  - Evans, D. Gareth
A1  - Izatt, Luise
A1  - Eeles, Rosalind A.
A1  - Adlard, Julian
A1  - Eccles, Diana M.
A1  - Cook, Jackie
A1  - Brewer, Carole
A1  - Douglas, Fiona
A1  - Hodgson, Shirley
A1  - Morrison, Patrick J.
A1  - Side, Lucy E.
A1  - Donaldson, Alan
A1  - Houghton, Catherine
A1  - Rogers, Mark T.
A1  - Dorkins, Huw
A1  - Eason, Jacqueline
A1  - Gregory, Helen
A1  - McCann, Emma
A1  - Murray, Alex
A1  - Calender, Alain
A1  - Hardouin, Agnès
A1  - Berthet, Pascaline
A1  - Delnatte, Capucine
A1  - Nogues, Catherine
A1  - Lasset, Christine
A1  - Houdayer, Claude
A1  - Leroux,, Dominique
A1  - Rouleau, Etienne
A1  - Prieur, Fabienne
A1  - Damiola, Francesca
A1  - Sobol, Hagay
A1  - Coupier, Isabelle
A1  - Venat-Bouvet, Laurence
A1  - Castera, Laurent
A1  - Gauthier-Villars, Marion
A1  - Léoné, Mélanie
A1  - Pujol, Pascal
A1  - Mazoyer, Sylvie
A1  - Bignon, Yves-Jean
A1  - Zlowocka-Perlowska, Elzbieta
A1  - Gronwald, Jacek
A1  - Lubinski,, Jan
A1  - Durda, Katarzyna
A1  - Jaworska, Katarzyna
A1  - Huzarski, Tomasz
A1  - Spurdle, Amanda B.
A1  - Viel, Alessandra
A1  - Peissel, Bernhard
A1  - Bonanni, Bernardo
A1  - Melloni, Guilia
A1  - Ottini, Laura
A1  - Papi, Laura
A1  - Varesco, Liliana
A1  - Tibiletti, Maria Grazia
A1  - Peterlongo, Paolo
A1  - Volorio, Sara
A1  - Manoukian, Siranoush
A1  - Pensotti, Valeria
A1  - Arnold, Norbert
A1  - Engel, Christoph
A1  - Deissler, Helmut
A1  - Gadzicki, Dorothea
A1  - Gehrig, Andrea
A1  - Kast, Karin
A1  - Rhiem, Kerstin
A1  - Meindl, Alfons
A1  - Niederacher, Dieter
A1  - Ditsch, Nina
A1  - Plendl, Hansjoerg
A1  - Preisler-Adams, Sabine
A1  - Engert, Stefanie
A1  - Sutter, Christian
A1  - Varon-Mateeva, Raymenda
A1  - Wappenschmidt, Barbara
A1  - Weber, Bernhard H. F.
A1  - Arver, Brita
A1  - Stenmark-Askmalm, Marie
A1  - Loman, Niklas
A1  - Rosenquist, Richard
A1  - Einbeigi, Zakaria
A1  - Nathanson, Katherine L.
A1  - Rebbeck, Timothy R.
A1  - Blank, Stephanie V.
A1  - Cohn, David E.
A1  - Rodriguez, Gustavo C.
A1  - Small, Laurie
A1  - Friedlander, Michael
A1  - Bae-Jump, Victoria L.
A1  - Fink-Retter, Anneliese
A1  - Rappaport, Christine
A1  - Gschwantler-Kaulich, Daphne
A1  - Pfeiler, Georg
A1  - Tea, Muy-Kheng
A1  - Lindor, Noralane M.
A1  - Kaufman, Bella
A1  - Paluch, Shani Shimon
A1  - Laitman, Yael
A1  - Skytte, Anne-Bine
A1  - Gerdes, Anne-Marie
A1  - Pedersen, Inge Sokilde
A1  - Moeller, Sanne Traasdahl
A1  - Kruse, Torben A.
A1  - Jensen, Uffe Birk
A1  - Vijai, Joseph
A1  - Sarrel, Kara
A1  - Robson, Mark
A1  - Kauff, Noah
A1  - Mulligan, Anna Marie
A1  - Glendon, Gord
A1  - Ozcelik, Hilmi
A1  - Ejlertsen, Bent
A1  - Nielsen, Finn C.
A1  - Jønson, Lars
A1  - Andersen, Mette K.
A1  - Ding, Yuan Chun
A1  - Steele, Linda
A1  - Foretova, Lenka
A1  - Teulé, Alex
A1  - Lazaro, Conxi
A1  - Brunet, Joan
A1  - Pujana, Miquel Angel
A1  - Mai, Phuong L.
A1  - Loud, Jennifer T.
A1  - Walsh, Christine
A1  - Lester, Jenny
A1  - Orsulic, Sandra
A1  - Narod, Steven A.
A1  - Herzog, Josef
A1  - Sand, Sharon R.
A1  - Tognazzo, Silvia
A1  - Agata, Simona
A1  - Vaszko, Tibor
A1  - Weaver, Joellen
A1  - Stravropoulou, Alexandra V.
A1  - Buys, Saundra S.
A1  - Romero, Atocha
A1  - de la Hoya, Miguel
A1  - Aittomäki, Kristiina
A1  - Muranen, Taru A.
A1  - Duran, Mercedes
A1  - Chung, Wendy K.
A1  - Lasa, Adriana
A1  - Dorfling, Cecilia M.
A1  - Miron, Alexander
A1  - Benitez, Javier
A1  - Senter, Leigha
A1  - Huo, Dezheng
A1  - Chan, Salina B.
A1  - Sokolenko, Anna P.
A1  - Chiquette, Jocelyne
A1  - Tihomirova, Laima
A1  - Friebel, Tara M.
A1  - Agnarsson, Bjarne A.
A1  - Lu, Karen H.
A1  - Lejbkowicz, Flavio
A1  - James, Paul A.
A1  - Hall, Per
A1  - Dunning, Alison M.
A1  - Tessier, Daniel
A1  - Cunningham, Julie
A1  - Slager, Susan L.
A1  - Chen, Wang
A1  - Hart, Steven
A1  - Stevens, Kristen
A1  - Simard, Jacques
A1  - Pastinen, Tomi
A1  - Pankratz, Vernon S.
A1  - Offit, Kenneth
A1  - Easton, Douglas F.
A1  - Chenevix-Trench, Georgia
A1  - Antoniou, Antonis C.
T1  - Genome-Wide Association Study in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk
JF  - PLOS Genetics
N2  - BRCA1-associated breast and ovarian cancer risks can be modified by common genetic variants. To identify further cancer risk-modifying loci, we performed a multi-stage GWAS of 11,705 BRCA1 carriers (of whom 5,920 were diagnosed with breast and 1,839 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer), with a further replication in an additional sample of 2,646 BRCA1 carriers. We identified a novel breast cancer risk modifier locus at 1q32 for BRCA1 carriers (rs2290854, P = 2.7 x 10(-8), HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.20). In addition, we identified two novel ovarian cancer risk modifier loci: 17q21.31 (rs17631303, P = 1.4 x 10(-8), HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38) and 4q32.3 (rs4691139, P = 3.4 x 10(-8), HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38). The 4q32.3 locus was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population or BRCA2 carriers, suggesting a BRCA1-specific association. The 17q21.31 locus was also associated with ovarian cancer risk in 8,211 BRCA2 carriers (P = 2 x 10(-4)). These loci may lead to an improved understanding of the etiology of breast and ovarian tumors in BRCA1 carriers. Based on the joint distribution of the known BRCA1 breast cancer risk-modifying loci, we estimated that the breast cancer lifetime risks for the 5% of BRCA1 carriers at lowest risk are 28%-50% compared to 81%-100% for the 5% at highest risk. Similarly, based on the known ovarian cancer risk-modifying loci, the 5% of BRCA1 carriers at lowest risk have an estimated lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer of 28% or lower, whereas the 5% at highest risk will have a risk of 63% or higher. Such differences in risk may have important implications for risk prediction and clinical management for BRCA1 carriers.
KW  - common variants
KW  - susceptibility alleles
KW  - genetic variants
KW  - modifiers
KW  - ZNF365
KW  - investigators
KW  - population
KW  - consortium
KW  - selection
KW  - subtypes
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-127947
SN  - 1553-7404
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dasenbrook, Elliot C.
A1  - Lu, Luan
A1  - Donnola, Shannon
A1  - Weaver, David E.
A1  - Gulani, Viskas
A1  - Jakob, Peter M.
A1  - Konstan, Michael W.
A1  - Flask, Chris A.
T1  - Normalized T1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Assessment of Regional Lung Function in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients - A Cross-Sectional Study
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients would benefit from a safe and effective tool to detect early-stage, regional lung disease to allow for early intervention. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a safe, non-invasive procedure capable of providing quantitative assessments of disease without ionizing radiation. We developed a rapid normalized T1 MRI technique to detect regional lung disease in early-stage CF patients. 
Materials and Methods: Conventional multislice, pulmonary T1 relaxation time maps were obtained for 10 adult CF patients with normal spirometry and 5 healthy non-CF control subjects using a rapid Look-Locker MRI acquisition (5 seconds/imaging slice). Each lung absolute T1 map was separated into six regions of interest (ROI) by manually selecting upper, central, and lower lung regions in the left and right lungs. In order to reduce the effects of subject-to-subject variation, normalized T1 maps were calculated by dividing each pixel in the absolute T1 maps by the mean T1 time in the central lung region. The primary outcome was the differences in mean normalized T1 values in the upper lung regions between CF patients with normal spirometry and healthy volunteers. 
Results: Normalized T1 (nT1) maps showed visibly reduced subject-to-subject variation in comparison to conventional absolute T1 maps for healthy volunteers. An ROI analysis showed that the variation in the nT1 values in all regions was <= 2% of the mean. The primary outcome, the mean (SD) of the normalized T1 values in the upper right lung regions, was significantly lower in the CF subjects [.914 (.037)] compared to the upper right lung regions of the healthy subjects [.983 (.003)] [difference of .069 (95% confidence interval .032-.105); p=.001). Similar results were seen in the upper left lung region. 
Conclusion: Rapid normalized T1 MRI relaxometry obtained in 5 seconds/imaging slice may be used to detect regional early-stage lung disease in CF patients.
KW  - infants
KW  - disease
KW  - ventilation
KW  - infection
KW  - guidelines
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - children
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128346
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 8
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kadari, Asifiqbal
A1  - Lu, Min
A1  - Li, Ming
A1  - Sekaran, Thileepan
A1  - Thummer, Rajkumar P.
A1  - Guyette, Naomi
A1  - Chu, Vi
A1  - Edenhofer, Frank
T1  - Excision of viral reprogramming cassettes by Cre protein transduction enables rapid, robust and efficient derivation of transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells
JF  - Stem Cell Research & Therapy
N2  - Integrating viruses represent robust tools for cellular reprogramming; however, the presence of viral transgenes in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is deleterious because it holds the risk of insertional mutagenesis leading to malignant transformation. Here, we combine the robustness of lentiviral reprogramming with the efficacy of Cre recombinase protein transduction to derive iPSCs devoid of transgenes. By genome-wide analysis and targeted differentiation towards the cardiomyocyte lineage, we show that transgene-free iPSCs are superior to iPSCs before Cre transduction. Our study provides a simple, rapid and robust protocol for the generation of clinical-grade iPSCs suitable for disease modeling, tissue engineering and cell replacement therapies.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120578
SN  - 1757-6512
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kato, Hiroki
A1  - Lu, Qiping
A1  - Rapaport, Doron
A1  - Kozjak-Pavlovic, Vera
T1  - Tom70 Is Essential for PINK1 Import into Mitochondria
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a serine/threonine kinase in the outer membrane of mitochondria (OMM), and known as a responsible gene of Parkinson's disease (PD). The precursor of PINK1 is synthesized in the cytosol and then imported into the mitochondria via the translocase of the OMM (TOM) complex. However, a large part of PINK1 import mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we examined using cell-free system the mechanism by which PINK1 is targeted to and assembled into mitochondria. Surprisingly, the main component of the import channel, Tom40 was not necessary for PINK1 import. Furthermore, we revealed that the import receptor Tom70 is essential for PINK1 import. In addition, we observed that although PINK1 has predicted mitochondrial targeting signal, it was not processed by the mitochondrial processing peptidase. Thus, our results suggest that PINK1 is imported into mitochondria by a unique pathway that is independent of the TOM core complex but crucially depends on the import receptor Tom70.
KW  - binding
KW  - outer-membrane proteins
KW  - Parkinsons diesease
KW  - intracellular membranes
KW  - quality control
KW  - pathway
KW  - recruitment
KW  - biogenesis
KW  - mechanisms
KW  - complex
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131061
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koetschan, Christian
A1  - Kittelmann, Sandra
A1  - Lu, Jingli
A1  - Al-Halbouni, Djamila
A1  - Jarvis, Graeme N.
A1  - Müller, Tobias
A1  - Wolf, Matthias
A1  - Janssen, Peter H.
T1  - Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Secondary Structure Analysis Reveals a Common Core throughout the Anaerobic Fungi (Neocallimastigomycota)
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is a popular barcode marker for fungi and in particular the ITS1 has been widely used for the anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota). A good number of validated reference sequences of isolates as well as a large number of environmental sequences are available in public databases. Its highly variable nature predisposes the ITS1 for low level phylogenetics; however, it complicates the establishment of reproducible alignments and the reconstruction of stable phylogenetic trees at higher taxonomic levels (genus and above). Here, we overcame these problems by proposing a common core secondary structure of the ITS1 of the anaerobic fungi employing a Hidden Markov Model-based ITS1 sequence annotation and a helix-wise folding approach. We integrated the additional structural information into phylogenetic analyses and present for the first time an automated sequence-structure-based taxonomy of the ITS1 of the anaerobic fungi. The methodology developed is transferable to the ITS1 of other fungal groups, and the robust taxonomy will facilitate and improve high-throughput anaerobic fungal community structure analysis of samples from various environments.
KW  - profile distances
KW  - ITS2
KW  - phylogenetic trees
KW  - RNA sequence
KW  - reconstruction
KW  - diversity
KW  - populations
KW  - tool
KW  - systematics
KW  - herbivores
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117058
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lu, Yun-guang
A1  - Klingenberg, Christian
A1  - Rendon, Leonardo
A1  - Zheng, De-Yin
T1  - Global Solutions for a Simplified Shallow Elastic Fluids Model
JF  - Abstract and Applied Analytics
N2  - The Cauchy problem for a simplified shallow elastic fluids model, one 3 x 3 system of Temple's type, is studied and a global weak solution is obtained by using the compensated compactness theorem coupled with the total variation estimates on the first and third Riemann invariants, where the second Riemann invariant is singular near the zero layer depth (rho - 0). This work extends in some sense the previous works, (Serre, 1987) and (Leveque and Temple, 1985), which provided the global existence of weak solutions for 2 x 2 strictly hyperbolic system and (Heibig, 1994) for n x n strictly hyperbolic system with smooth Riemann invariants.
KW  - conservation laws
KW  - hyperbolic systems
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117978
SN  - 1687-0409
IS  - 920248
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fagan, Jeremy K.
A1  - Dollar, Gretchen
A1  - Lu, Qiuheng
A1  - Barnett, Austen
A1  - Jorge, Joaquin Pechuan
A1  - Schlosser, Andreas
A1  - Pfleger, Cathie
A1  - Adler, Paul
A1  - Jenny, Andreas
T1  - Combover/CG10732, a Novel PCP Effector for Drosophila Wing Hair Formation
JF  - PLOS ONE
N2  - The polarization of cells is essential for the proper functioning of most organs. Planar Cell Polarity (PCP), the polarization within the plane of an epithelium, is perpendicular to apical-basal polarity and established by the non-canonical Wnt/Fz-PCP signaling pathway. Within each tissue, downstream PCP effectors link the signal to tissue specific readouts such as stereocilia orientation in the inner ear and hair follicle orientation in vertebrates or the polarization of ommatidia and wing hairs in Drosophila melanogaster. Specific PCP effectors in the wing such as Multiple wing hairs (Mwh) and Rho Kinase (Rok) are required to position the hair at the correct position and to prevent ectopic actin hairs. In a genome-wide screen in vitro, we identified Combover (Cmb)/CG10732 as a novel Rho kinase substrate. Overexpression of Cmb causes the formation of a multiple hair cell phenotype (MHC), similar to loss of rok and mwh. This MHC phenotype is dominantly enhanced by removal of rok or of other members of the PCP effector gene family. Furthermore, we show that Cmb physically interacts with Mwh, and cmb null mutants suppress the MHC phenotype of mwh alleles. Our data indicate that Cmb is a novel PCP effector that promotes to wing hair formation, a function that is antagonized by Mwh.
KW  - planar cell polarity
KW  - RHO-associated kinease
KW  - convergent extension movements
KW  - ROK-alpha
KW  - protein
KW  - phosphorylation
KW  - actin
KW  - gene
KW  - morphogenesis
KW  - localization
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-115394
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 9
IS  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hauser, Anna Si-Lu
A1  - Tiegna, Janneke
T1  - “Local self-regulation between democracy and hierarchy. Varieties of structure and values”. Digital Mercator Workshop of the DFG Research Unit 2757/Local Self-Governance in the context of Weak Statehood in Antiquity and the Modern Era (LoSAM) from 18–19th March 2021
JF  - Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft
N2  - No abstract available.
KW  - self-governance
KW  - self-organisation
KW  - democracy
KW  - hierarchy
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270096
SN  - 1865-2654
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Lu, Yunzhi
T1  - Kinetics of mouse and human muscle type nicotinic receptor channels
T1  - Kinetik muriner und humaner nikotinischer Rezeptorkanäle vom Muskeltyp
N2  - Acetylcholine (ACh) mediates transmission at vertebrate neuromuscular junctions and many other synapses. The postsynaptic ACh receptors at neuromuscular junctions are of the nicotinic subtype (nAChRs). They are among the best studied receptor channels and often serve as models or receptor prototypes. Despite a wealth of information on muscle type nAChRs so far little is known about species specific functional differences. In this work, mouse and human adult muscle type nAChRs are investigated.

Cell attached recordings in the HEK293T heterologous expression system provided evidence that the ACh affinity of recombinant mouse and human adult muscle type nAChRs are different. To clarify this, I compared these receptors in outside-out patches employing a system for fast agonist application. Thus, the individual membrane patches with receptors can be exposed to various ligand concentrations. In response to 10 and 30 µM ACh normalized peak currents (î) were significantly larger and current rise-time (tr) shorter in human than in mouse receptors. Analyzing dose-response curves of î and tr and fitting them with a two-step equivalent binding-site kinetic mechanism revealed a two-fold higher ACh association rate constant in human compared to mouse receptors. Furthermore, human nAChRs were blocked faster in outside-out patches by superfusion of 300 nM α-Bungarotoxin (α-Bgtx) than mouse nAChRs. Finally, human nAChRs in outside-out patches showed higher affinity at 3 µM ACh than chimeric receptors consisting of mouse α- and human β-, γ- and ε-subunits. The higher affinity of human than mouse receptors for ACh and α-Bgtx is thus at least in part due to sequence difference in their α-subunits.
N2  - Acetylcholin (ACh) vermittelt Erregungsübertragung an neuromuskulären synaptischen Kontakten (neuromuscular junction, NMJ) von Wirbeltieren und vielen anderen Synapsen. Die postsynaptischen ACh-Rezeptoren an der NMJ sind vom nikotinischen Subtyp (nAChRs). Als Teil der am besten erforschten Kanalrezeptoren dienen sie oft als Modelle oder auch Prototypen für Rezeptoren. Trotz einer Fülle an Informationen über nAChRs des Muskeltyps ist bis heute recht wenig über artenspezifischen funktionellen Unterschiede bekannt. Diese Studie befasst sich daher mit der Untersuchung von nAChRs des Muskeltyps in erwachsenen Mäusen und Menschen.

Aufzeichnungen mit sogenannten Cell-attached Patches im heterologen Expressionssystem HEK293T-Zellen lieferten Beweise dafür, dass die ACh-Affinität von rekombinanten erwachsenen Maus- und menschlichen nAChRs vom Muskeltyp unterschiedlich sind. Um diesem nachzugehen, habe ich diese Rezeptoren in Outside-out Patches mit Hilfe eines schnellen Piezogetriebenen Applikationssystems verglichen. Dieses System bietet den Vorteil, dass einzelne Membran-Patches mit Rezeptoren unterschiedlichen Ligandenkonzentrationen ausgesetzt werden können. Als Reaktion auf 10 und 30 µM ACh waren die normalisierten Stromamplituden (î) und Stromanstiegszeiten (tr) der menschlichen Rezeptoren signifikant höher als die der Mausrezeptoren. Die Analyse der Dosis-Wirkungskurven von î und tr sowie die Anpassung eines quantitativen zweistufigen kinetischen Modells mit zwei äquivalenten Bindestellen an die Datensätze zeigten eine zweifach höhere Assoziationsrate für ACh bei menschlichen Rezeptoren, verglichen mit der von Mausrezeptoren. Zudem wurden menschliche nAChRs in Outside-Out-Patches schneller als Mausrezeptoren durch Superfusion mit 300 nM α-Bungarotoxin (α-Bgtx) blockiert, was für eine höhere Affinität auch für α-Bgtx spricht. Schließlich wiesen die menschlichen nAChRs in Outside-Out-Patches bei 3 µM ACh eine höhere Affinität als chimäre Rezeptoren aus Maus α- und menschlichen β-, γ- and ε-Untereinheiten auf. Die höhere Affinität der menschlichen Rezeptoren zu ACh und α-Bgtx im Vergleich zu Mausrezeptoren basiert somit zumindest in Teilen auf Sequenzdifferenzen ihrer α-Einheitenen.
KW  - nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
KW  - affinity
KW  - kinetic mechanism
KW  - Nicotinischer Acetylcholinrezeptor
KW  - Muskelzelle
KW  - Maus
KW  - Mensch
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-192688
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Hauser, Anna Si-Lu
T1  - A comparative approach to local organisation of the energy transition
N2  - In recent years, numerous renewable energy cities were established worldwide, piloting different pathways to transition to clean energy. With the ability to address local needs more precisely in their unique geographic, social and economic contexts, cities play a vital role in implementing overall climate mitigation goals on the local level. In China, many renewable energy cities have emerged as well. However, official documents suggest that Chinese government authorities establish such renewable energy cities strategically, which leads to the assumption that the impulse to become renewable is different from other countries, where bottom-up initiatives are more common. Hence, this thesis explores answer to the question why and how the Chinese government promotes the energy transition of Chinese cities and regions. To explore the dynamics of local energy transition projects, this thesis adopts two frameworks from the field of sustainability transitions, the multi-level perspective and strategic niche management, and applies them to seven European and two Chinese case studies. The European sample includes the cities Graz, Güssing, Freiburg, and Helsinki as well as the communities Feldheim, Jühnde and Murau. The Chinese sample consists of the bottom-up initiative Shaanxi Sunflower Project and the demonstration project Tongli New Energy Town. A comparative analysis evaluates in how far the cases correspond to the multi-level perspective or strategic niche management. The comparison of the case studies reveals that the development of renewable energy cities in China goes beyond a top-down vs. bottom-up logic. In the Chinese context, strategic niche management should be understood as experimentation under hierarchy, which serves at pretesting different approaches before rolling them out nationwide. In addition, the analysis shows that both the multi-level perspective and strategic niche management have their advantages and disadvantages for niche development. Niches following the logic of the multi-level perspective may result in higher stakeholder acceptance, whereas strategic niche management can in turn accelerate niche development. However, since natural niche development cannot be steered intentionally, decision-makers who intend to induce local renewable energy projects have no other option but to resort to strategic niche management. To increase stakeholder acceptance and thus to improve the project outcome, decision-makers are advised to accommodate sufficient room for stakeholder participation in the project design.
KW  - China
KW  - multi-level perspective
KW  - strategic niche management
KW  - energy transition
KW  - top down
KW  - bottom up
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202109
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cui, Jingjing
A1  - Dietz, Maximilian
A1  - Härterich, Marcel
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Lu, Wei
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - Diphosphino-Functionalized 1,8-Naphthyridines: a Multifaceted Ligand Platform for Boranes and Diboranes
JF  - Chemistry—A European Journal
N2  - A 1,8-naphthyridine diphosphine (NDP) reacts with boron-containing Lewis acids to generate complexes featuring a number of different naphthyridine bonding modes. When exposed to diborane B\(_{2}\)Br\(_{4}\), NDP underwent self-deprotonation to afford [NDP-B\(_{2}\)Br\(_{3}\)]Br, an unsymmetrical diborane comprised of four fused rings. The reaction of two equivalents of monoborane BBr\(_{3}\) and NDP in a non-polar solvent provided the simple phosphine-borane adduct [NDP(BBr\(_{3}\))\(_{2}\)], which then underwent intramolecular halide abstraction to furnish the salt [NDP-BBr\(_{2}\)][BBr\(_{4}\)], featuring a different coordination mode from that of [NDP-B\(_{2}\)Br\(_{3}\)]Br. Direct deprotonation of NDP by KHMDS or PhCH2K generates mono- and dipotassium reagents, respectively. The monopotassium reagent reacts with one or half an equivalent of B\(_{2}\)(NMe\(_{2}\))\(_{2}\)Cl\(_{2}\) to afford NDP-based diboranes with three or four amino substituents.
KW  - pincer ligand
KW  - potassium reagent
KW  - diborane
KW  - naphthyridine
KW  - boron
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256994
VL  - 27
IS  - 63
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chiorean, E. G.
A1  - Von Hoff, D. D.
A1  - Reni, M.
A1  - Arena, F. P.
A1  - Infante, J. R.
A1  - Bathini, V. G.
A1  - Wood, T. E.
A1  - Mainwaring, P. N.
A1  - Muldoon, R. T.
A1  - Clingan, P. R.
A1  - Kunzmann, V.
A1  - Ramanathan, R. K.
A1  - Tabernero, J.
A1  - Goldstein, D.
A1  - McGovern, D.
A1  - Lu, B.
A1  - Ko, A.
T1  - CA19-9 decrease at 8 weeks as a predictor of overall survival in a randomized phase III trial (MPACT) of weekly nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine alone in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer
JF  - Annals of Oncology
N2  - Background
A phase I/II study and subsequent phase III study (MPACT) reported significant correlations between CA19-9 decreases and prolonged overall survival (OS) with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (nab-P + Gem) treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). CA19-9 changes at week 8 and potential associations with efficacy were investigated as part of an exploratory analysis in the MPACT trial.

Patients and methods
Untreated patients with MPC (N = 861) received nab-P + Gem or Gem alone. CA19-9 was evaluated at baseline and every 8 weeks.

Results
Patients with baseline and week-8 CA19-9 measurements were analyzed (nab-P + Gem: 252; Gem: 202). In an analysis pooling the treatments, patients with any CA19-9 decline (80%) versus those without (20%) had improved OS (median 11.1 versus 8.0 months; P = 0.005). In the nab-P + Gem arm, patients with (n = 206) versus without (n = 46) any CA19-9 decrease at week 8 had a confirmed overall response rate (ORR) of 40% versus 13%, and a median OS of 13.2 versus 8.3 months (P = 0.001), respectively. In the Gem-alone arm, patients with (n = 159) versus without (n = 43) CA19-9 decrease at week 8 had a confirmed ORR of 15% versus 5%, and a median OS of 9.4 versus 7.1 months (P = 0.404), respectively. In the nab-P + Gem and Gem-alone arms, by week 8, 16% (40/252) and 6% (13/202) of patients, respectively, had an unconfirmed radiologic response (median OS 13.7 and 14.7 months, respectively), and 79% and 84% of patients, respectively, had stable disease (SD) (median OS 11.1 and 9 months, respectively). Patients with SD and any CA19-9 decrease (158/199 and 133/170) had a median OS of 13.2 and 9.4 months, respectively.

Conclusion
This analysis demonstrated that, in patients with MPC, any CA19-9 decrease at week 8 can be an early marker for chemotherapy efficacy, including in those patients with SD. CA19-9 decrease identified more patients with survival benefit than radiologic response by week 8.
KW  - CA19-9
KW  - pancreatic cancer
KW  - chemotherapy
KW  - nab-paclitaxel
KW  - MPACT
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189659
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jaślan, Dawid
A1  - Dreyer, Ingo
A1  - Lu, Jinping
A1  - O'Malley, Ronan
A1  - Dindas, Julian
A1  - Marten, Irene
A1  - Hedrich, Rainer
T1  - Voltage-dependent gating of SV channel TPC1 confers vacuole excitability
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - In contrast to the plasma membrane, the vacuole membrane has not yet been associated with electrical excitation of plants. Here, we show that mesophyll vacuoles from Arabidopsis sense and control the membrane potential essentially via the K\(^+\)-permeable TPC1 and TPK channels. Electrical stimuli elicit transient depolarization of the vacuole membrane that can last for seconds. Electrical excitability is suppressed by increased vacuolar Ca\(^{2+}\) levels. In comparison to wild type, vacuoles from the fou2 mutant, harboring TPC1 channels insensitive to luminal Ca\(^{2+}\), can be excited fully by even weak electrical stimuli. The TPC1-loss-of-function mutant tpc1-2 does not respond to electrical stimulation at all, and the loss of TPK1/TPK3-mediated K\(^{+}\) transport affects the duration of TPC1-dependent membrane depolarization. In combination with mathematical modeling, these results show that the vacuolar K\(^+\)-conducting TPC1 and TPK1/TPK3 channels act in concert to provide for Ca\(^{2+}\)- and voltage-induced electrical excitability to the central organelle of plant cells.
KW  - Biophysics
KW  - Plant signalling
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202029
VL  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Robertson, Kevin A.
A1  - Hsieh, Wei Yuan
A1  - Forster, Thorsten
A1  - Blanc, Mathieu
A1  - Lu, Hongjin
A1  - Crick, Peter J.
A1  - Yutuc, Eylan
A1  - Watterson, Steven
A1  - Martin, Kimberly
A1  - Griffiths, Samantha J.
A1  - Enright, Anton J.
A1  - Yamamoto, Mami
A1  - Pradeepa, Madapura M.
A1  - Lennox, Kimberly A.
A1  - Behlke, Mark A.
A1  - Talbot, Simon
A1  - Haas, Jürgen
A1  - Dölken, Lars
A1  - Griffiths, William J.
A1  - Wang, Yuqin
A1  - Angulo, Ana
A1  - Ghazal, Peter
T1  - An Interferon Regulated MicroRNA Provides Broad Cell-Intrinsic Antiviral Immunity through Multihit Host-Directed Targeting of the Sterol Pathway
JF  - PLoS Biology
N2  - In invertebrates, small interfering RNAs are at the vanguard of cell-autonomous antiviral immunity. In contrast, antiviral mechanisms initiated by interferon (IFN) signaling predominate in mammals. Whilst mammalian IFN-induced miRNA are known to inhibit specific viruses, it is not known whether host-directed microRNAs, downstream of IFN-signaling, have a role in mediating broad antiviral resistance. By performing an integrative, systematic, global analysis of RNA turnover utilizing 4-thiouridine labeling of newly transcribed RNA and pri/pre-miRNA in IFN-activated macrophages, we identify a new post-transcriptional viral defense mechanism mediated by miR-342-5p. On the basis of ChIP and site-directed promoter mutagenesis experiments, we find the synthesis of miR-342-5p is coupled to the antiviral IFN response via the IFN-induced transcription factor, IRF1. Strikingly, we find miR-342-5p targets mevalonate-sterol biosynthesis using a multihit mechanism suppressing the pathway at different functional levels: transcriptionally via SREBF2, post-transcriptionally via miR-33, and enzymatically via IDI1 and SC4MOL. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics and enzymatic assays demonstrate the targeting mechanisms reduce intermediate sterol pathway metabolites and total cholesterol in macrophages. These results reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which IFN regulates the sterol pathway. The sterol pathway is known to be an integral part of the macrophage IFN antiviral response, and we show that miR-342-5p exerts broad antiviral effects against multiple, unrelated pathogenic viruses such Cytomegalovirus and Influenza A (H1N1). Metabolic rescue experiments confirm the specificity of these effects and demonstrate that unrelated viruses have differential mevalonate and sterol pathway requirements for their replication. This study, therefore, advances the general concept of broad antiviral defense through multihit targeting of a single host pathway.
KW  - microRNA
KW  - sterol pathway
KW  - multihit targeting
KW  - interferon signaling
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166666
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - No, Young Jung
A1  - Holzmeister, Ib
A1  - Lu, Zufu
A1  - Prajapati, Shubham
A1  - Shi, Jeffrey
A1  - Gbureck, Uwe
A1  - Zreiqat, Hala
T1  - Effect of Baghdadite Substitution on the Physicochemical Properties of Brushite Cements
JF  - Materials
N2  - Brushite cements have been clinically used for irregular bone defect filling applications, and various strategies have been previously reported to modify and improve their physicochemical properties such as strength and injectability. However, strategies to address other limitations of brushite cements such as low radiopacity or acidity without negatively impacting mechanical strength have not yet been reported. In this study, we report the effect of substituting the beta-tricalcium phosphate reactant in brushite cement with baghdadite (Ca\(_3\)ZrSi\(_2\)O\(_9\)), a bioactive zirconium-doped calcium silicate ceramic, at various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 wt%) on the properties of the final brushite cement product. X-ray diffraction profiles indicate the dissolution of baghdadite during the cement reaction, without affecting the crystal structure of the precipitated brushite. EDX analysis shows that calcium is homogeneously distributed within the cement matrix, while zirconium and silicon form cluster-like aggregates with sizes ranging from few microns to more than 50 µm. X-ray images and µ-CT analysis indicate enhanced radiopacity with increased incorporation of baghdadite into brushite cement, with nearly a doubling of the aluminium equivalent thickness at 50 wt% baghdadite substitution. At the same time, compressive strength of brushite cement increased from 12.9 ± 3.1 MPa to 21.1 ± 4.1 MPa with 10 wt% baghdadite substitution. Culture medium conditioned with powdered brushite cement approached closer to physiological pH values when the cement is incorporated with increasing amounts of baghdadite (pH = 6.47 for pure brushite, pH = 7.02 for brushite with 20 wt% baghdadite substitution). Baghdadite substitution also influenced the ionic content in the culture medium, and subsequently affected the proliferative activity of primary human osteoblasts in vitro. This study indicates that baghdadite is a beneficial additive to enhance the radiopacity, mechanical performance and cytocompatibility of brushite cement
KW  - baghdadite
KW  - calcium phosphate cement
KW  - radiopacity
KW  - setting reaction
KW  - mechanical performance
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196980
SN  - 1996-1944
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lu, Wei
A1  - Jayaraman, Arumugam
A1  - Fantuzzi, Felipe
A1  - Dewhurst, Rian D.
A1  - Härterich, Marcel
A1  - Dietz, Maximilian
A1  - Hagspiel, Stephan
A1  - Krummenbacher, Ivo
A1  - Hammond, Kai
A1  - Cui, Jingjing
A1  - Braunschweig, Holger
T1  - An unsymmetrical, cyclic diborene based on a chelating CAAC ligand and its small-molecule activation and rearrangement chemistry
JF  - Angewandte Chemie International Edition
N2  - A one-pot synthesis of a CAAC-stabilized, unsymmetrical, cyclic diborene was achieved via consecutive two-electron reduction steps from an adduct of CAAC and B\(_2\)Br\(_4\)(SMe\(_2\))\(_2\). Theoretical studies revealed that this diborene has a considerably smaller HOMO–LUMO gap than those of reported NHC- and phosphine-supported diborenes. Complexation of the diborene with [AuCl(PCy\(_3\))] afforded two diborene–Au\(^I\) π complexes, while reaction with DurBH\(_2\), P\(_4\) and a terminal acetylene led to the cleavage of B−H, P−P, and C−C π bonds, respectively. Thermal rearrangement of the diborene gave an electron-rich cyclic alkylideneborane, which readily coordinated to Ag\(^I\) via its B=C double bond.
KW  - inorganic chemistry
KW  - thermal rearrangement
KW  - alkylideneborane
KW  - carbene
KW  - diborene
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256576
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dedukh, Dmitrij
A1  - Da Cruz, Irene
A1  - Kneitz, Susanne
A1  - Marta, Anatolie
A1  - Ormanns, Jenny
A1  - Tichopád, Tomáš
A1  - Lu, Yuan
A1  - Alsheimer, Manfred
A1  - Janko, Karel
A1  - Schartl, Manfred
T1  - Achiasmatic meiosis in the unisexual Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa
JF  - Chromosome Research
N2  - Unisexual reproduction, which generates clonal offspring, is an alternative strategy to sexual breeding and occurs even in vertebrates. A wide range of non-sexual reproductive modes have been described, and one of the least understood questions is how such pathways emerged and how they mechanistically proceed. The Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa, needs sperm from males of related species to trigger the parthenogenetic development of diploid eggs. However, the mechanism, of how the unreduced female gametes are produced, remains unclear. Cytological analyses revealed that the chromosomes of primary oocytes initiate pachytene but do not proceed to bivalent formation and meiotic crossovers. Comparing ovary transcriptomes of P. formosa and its sexual parental species revealed expression levels of meiosis-specific genes deviating from P. mexicana but not from P. latipinna. Furthermore, several meiosis genes show biased expression towards one of the two alleles from the parental genomes. We infer from our data that in the Amazon molly diploid oocytes are generated by apomixis due to a failure in the synapsis of homologous chromosomes. The fact that this failure is not reflected in the differential expression of known meiosis genes suggests the underlying molecular mechanism may be dysregulation on the protein level or misexpression of a so far unknown meiosis gene, and/or hybrid dysgenesis because of compromised interaction of proteins from diverged genomes.
KW  - meiosis
KW  - parthenogenesis
KW  - synaptonemal complex
KW  - recombination
KW  - crossing-over
KW  - achiasmatic
KW  - transcriptome
KW  - oogenesis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325128
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Lu, Jinping
T1  - The vacuolar TPC1 channel and its luminal calcium sensing site in the luminal pore entrance
T1  - Der vakuoläre TPC1-Kanal und seine luminale Kalzium-Sensorstelle im luminalen Porenbereich
N2  - The slowly activating vacuolar SV/TPC1 channel is ubiquitously expressed in plants and provides a large cation conductance in the vacuolar membrane. Thereby, monovalent (K+, Na+) and in principle also divalent cations, such as Ca2+, can pass through the channel. The SV/TPC1 channel is activated upon membrane depolarization and cytosolic Ca2+ but inhibited by luminal calcium. With respect to the latter, two luminal Ca2+ binding sites (site 1 Asp240/Asp454/Glu528, site 2 Glu239/Asp240/Glu457) were identified to coordinate luminal Ca2+. In this work, the characteristics of the SV/TPC1 channels in terms of regulation and function were further elucidated, focusing on the TPC1s of Arabidopsis thaliana and Vicia faba. For electrophysiological analysis of the role of distinct pore residues for channel gating and luminal Ca2+ sensing, TPC1 channel variants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis and transiently expressed as eGFP/eYFP-fusion constructs in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts of the TPC1 loss-of-function mutant attpc1-2. 
1. As visualized by confocal fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy, all AtTPC1 (WT, E605A/Q, D606N, D607N, E605A/D606N, E605Q/D606N/D607N, E457N/E605A/D606N) and VfTPC1 channel variants (WT, N458E/A607E/ N608D) were correctly targeted to the vacuole membrane.
2. Patch-clamp studies revealed that removal of one of the negative charges at position Glu605 or Asp606 was already sufficient to promote voltage-dependent channel activation with higher voltage sensitivity. The combined neutralization of these residues (E605A/D606N), however, was required to additionally reduce the luminal Ca2+ sensitivity of the AtTPC1 channel, leading to hyperactive AtTPC1 channels. Thus, the residues Glu605/Asp606 are functionally coupled with the voltage sensor of AtTPC1 channel, thereby modulating channel gating, and form a novel luminal Ca2+ sensing site 3 in AtTPC1 at the luminal entrance of the ion transport pathway. 
3. Interestingly, this novel luminal Ca2+ sensing site 3 (Glu605/Asp606) and Glu457 from the luminal Ca2+ sensing site 2 of the luminal Ca2+-sensitive AtTPC1 channel were neutralized by either asparagine or alanine in the TPC1 channel from Vicia faba and many other Fabaceae. Moreover, the VfTPC1 was validated to be a hyperactive TPC1 channel with higher tolerance to luminal Ca2+ loads which was in contrast to the AtTPC1 channel features. As a result, VfTPC1 but not AtTPC1 conferred the hyperexcitability of vacuoles. When AtTPC1 was mutated for the three VfTPC1-homologous polymorphic site residues, the AtTPC1 triple mutant (E457N/E605A/D606N) gained VfTPC1-like characteristics. However, when VfTPC1 was mutated for the three AtTPC1-homologous polymorphic site residues, the VfTPC1 triple mutant (N458E/A607E/N608D) still sustained VfTPC1-WT-like features. These findings indicate that the hyperactivity of VfTPC1 is achieved in part by the loss of negatively charged amino acids at positions that - as part of the luminal Ca2+ sensing sites 2 and 3 – are homologous to AtTPC1-Glu457/Glu605/Asp606 and are likely stabilized by other unknown residues or domains. 
4.The luminal polymorphic pore residues (Glu605/Asp606 in AtTPC1) apparently do not contribute to the unitary conductance of TPC1. Under symmetrical K+ conditions, a single channel conductance of about 80 pS was determined for AtTPC1 wild type and the AtTPC1 double mutant E605A/D606A. This is in line with the three-fold higher unitary conductance of VfTPC1 (232 pS), which harbors neutral luminal pore residues at the homologous sites to AtTPC1. 
In conclusion, by studying TPC1 channel from Arabidopsis thaliana and Vicia faba, the present thesis provides evidence that the natural TPC1 channel variants exhibit differences in voltage gating, luminal Ca2+ sensitivity and luminal Ca2+ binding sites.
N2  - Der langsam aktivierende vakuoläre SV/TPC1-Kanal wird in Pflanzen ubiquitär exprimiert und besitzt eine große Kationenleitfähigkeit in der Vakuolen¬membran. Dabei können einwertige (K+, Na+) und im Prinzip auch zweiwertige Kationen, wie Ca2+, den Kanal passieren. Der SV/TPC1-Kanal wird bei Membrandepolarisation und zytosolischem Ca2+ aktiviert, aber durch luminales Calcium gehemmt. In Bezug auf letzteres wurden zwei luminale Ca2+-Bindungsstellen (Seite I Asp240/Asp454/Glu528, Seite II Glu239/Asp240/Glu457) zwecks Koordination von luminalem Ca2+ identifiziert. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Eigenschaften der SV/TPC1-Kanäle in Bezug auf Regulierung und Funktion weiter aufgeklärt, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf den TPC1-Proteinen von Arabidopsis thaliana und Vicia faba lag. Zur elektrophysiologischen Analyse der Rolle verschiedener Porenaminosäuren für das Kanal-Gating und die luminale Ca2+-Erkennung wurden TPC1-Kanalvarianten durch gezielte Mutagenese erzeugt und transient als eGFP/eYFP-Fusionskonstrukte in Mesophyll-Protoplasten der TPC1-Verlust¬mutante attpc1-2 von Arabidopsis thaliana exprimiert.
1. Mittels konfokaler Fluoreszenz-Laser-Scanning-Mikroskopie wurde anhand der eGFP- bzw. eYFP-Fluoreszenzsignale nachgewiesen, dass alle AtTPC1- (WT, E605A/Q, D606N, D607N, E605A/D606N, E605Q/D606N/D607N, E457N/E605A/D606N) und VfTPC1-Kanalvarianten (WT, N458E/A607E/ N608D) korrekt in die Vakuolenmembran eingebaut wurden.
2. Patch-Clamp-Studien zeigten, dass die Entfernung einer der negativen Ladungen an den Positionen Glu605 oder Asp606 bereits ausreichte, um die spannungsabhängige Kanalaktivierung mit höherer Spannungsempfindlichkeit zu fördern. Die kombinierte Neutralisierung dieser Reste (E605A/D606N) war jedoch erforderlich, um die luminale Ca2+-Empfindlichkeit des AtTPC1-Kanals zusätzlich zu reduzieren, was zu hyperaktiven AtTPC1-Kanälen führte. Die Aminosäurereste Glu605/Asp606 sind also funktionell mit dem Spannungssensor des AtTPC1-Kanals gekoppelt und modulieren dadurch das Kanaltor. Sie bilden eine neuartige luminale Ca2+-Sensorstelle 3 in AtTPC1 am luminalen Eingang des Ionentransportweges. 
3. Interessanterweise waren diese Aminosäurereste Glu605/Asp606 der neuartigen luminalen Ca2+-Sensorstelle 3 und Glu457 von der luminalen Ca2+-Sensorstelle 2 des luminalen Ca2+-empfindlichen AtTPC1-Kanals im TPC1-Kanal von Vicia faba und vielen anderen Fabaceae entweder durch Asparagin oder Alanin neutralisiert. Darüber hinaus wurde der VfTPC1 als hyperaktiver TPC1-Kanal mit höherer Toleranz gegenüber luminalen Ca2+-Belastungen validiert, was im Gegensatz zu den Eigenschaften des AtTPC1-Kanals stand. Infolgedessen ist VfTPC1, nicht aber AtTPC1, für die hohe Erregbarkeit der Vakuolen verantwortlich. Wenn AtTPC1 für die drei VfTPC1-homologen polymorphen Stellen mutiert wurde, erhielt die AtTPC1-Dreifachmutante (E457N/E605A/D606N) VfTPC1-ähnliche Eigenschaften. Wenn VfTPC1 jedoch für die drei AtTPC1-homologen polymorphen Stellen mutiert wurde, behielt die VfTPC1-Dreifachmutante (N458E/A607E/N608D) weiterhin VfTPC1-WT-ähnliche Merkmale. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Hyperaktivität von VfTPC1 zum Teil durch den Verlust von negativ geladenen Aminosäuren an Positionen erreicht wird, die - als Teil der luminalen Ca2+-Sensorstellen 2 und 3 - homolog zu AtTPC1-Glu457/Glu605/Asp606 sind und wahrscheinlich durch andere unbekannte Reste oder Domänen stabilisiert werden. 
4. Die luminalen polymorphen Porenreste (Glu605/Asp606 in AtTPC1) beeinflussen offenbar nicht die Einzelkanaleitfähigkeit von TPC1. Unter symmetrischen K+-Bedingungen wurde für den AtTPC1-Wildtyp und die AtTPC1-Doppelmutante E605A/D606A eine Einzelkanalleitfähigkeit von etwa 80 pS ermittelt. Dies steht im Einklang mit der dreifach höheren Einzelkanalleitfähigkeit von VfTPC1 (232 pS), der an den homologen Stellen zu AtTPC1 neutrale luminale Porenreste aufweist.
Durch die Untersuchung von TPC1-Kanälen aus Arabidopsis thaliana und Vicia faba konnte in der vorliegenden Arbeit nachgewiesen werden, dass diese natürlichen TPC1-Kanalvarianten Unterschiede im Spannungs-Gating, der luminalen Ca2+-Empfindlichkeit und den luminalen Ca2+-Bindungsstellen aufweisen.
KW  - Arabidopsis thaliana
KW  - Vicia faba
KW  - vacuole
KW  - SV/TPC1
KW  - luminal Ca2+ sensing sites
KW  - luminale Ca2+-Sensorstellen
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-251353
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lu, Jinping
A1  - Dreyer, Ingo
A1  - Dickinson, Miles Sasha
A1  - Panzer, Sabine
A1  - Jaślan, Dawid
A1  - Navarro-Retamal, Carlos
A1  - Geiger, Dietmar
A1  - Terpitz, Ulrich
A1  - Becker, Dirk
A1  - Stroud, Robert M.
A1  - Marten, Irene
A1  - Hedrich, Rainer
T1  - Vicia faba SV channel VfTPC1 is a hyperexcitable variant of plant vacuole two pore channels
JF  - eLife
N2  - To fire action-potential-like electrical signals, the vacuole membrane requires the two-pore channel TPC1, formerly called SV channel. The TPC1/SV channel functions as a depolarization-stimulated, non-selective cation channel that is inhibited by luminal Ca\(^{2+}\). In our search for species-dependent functional TPC1 channel variants with different luminal Ca\(^{2+}\) sensitivity, we found in total three acidic residues present in Ca\(^{2+}\) sensor sites 2 and 3 of the Ca\(^{2+}\)-sensitive AtTPC1 channel from Arabidopsis thaliana that were neutral in its Vicia faba ortholog and also in those of many other Fabaceae. When expressed in the Arabidopsis AtTPC1-loss-of-function background, wild-type VfTPC1 was hypersensitive to vacuole depolarization and only weakly sensitive to blocking luminal Ca\(^{2+}\). When AtTPC1 was mutated for these VfTPC1-homologous polymorphic residues, two neutral substitutions in Ca\(^{2+}\) sensor site 3 alone were already sufficient for the Arabidopsis At-VfTPC1 channel mutant to gain VfTPC1-like voltage and luminal Ca\(^{2+}\) sensitivity that together rendered vacuoles hyperexcitable. Thus, natural TPC1 channel variants exist in plant families which may fine-tune vacuole excitability and adapt it to environmental settings of the particular ecological niche.
KW  - A. thaliana
KW  - Brassicaceae
KW  - Fabaceae
KW  - pore
KW  - potassium channel
KW  - voltage gating
KW  - vacuolar calcium sensor
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-350264
VL  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stoppe, Christian
A1  - Patel, Jayshil J.
A1  - Zarbock, Alex
A1  - Lee, Zheng-Yii
A1  - Rice, Todd W.
A1  - Mafrici, Bruno
A1  - Wehner, Rebecca
A1  - Chan, Man Hung Manuel
A1  - Lai, Peter Chi Keung
A1  - MacEachern, Kristen
A1  - Myrianthefs, Pavlos
A1  - Tsigou, Evdoxia
A1  - Ortiz-Reyes, Luis
A1  - Jiang, Xuran
A1  - Day, Andrew G.
A1  - Hasan, M. Shahnaz
A1  - Meybohm, Patrick
A1  - Ke, Lu
A1  - Heyland, Daren K.
T1  - The impact of higher protein dosing on outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a post hoc analysis of the EFFORT protein trial
JF  - Critical Care
N2  - Background
Based on low-quality evidence, current nutrition guidelines recommend the delivery of high-dose protein in critically ill patients. The EFFORT Protein trial showed that higher protein dose is not associated with improved outcomes, whereas the effects in critically ill patients who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) need further evaluation. The overall aim is to evaluate the effects of high-dose protein in critically ill patients who developed different stages of AKI.

Methods
In this post hoc analysis of the EFFORT Protein trial, we investigated the effect of high versus usual protein dose (≥ 2.2 vs. ≤ 1.2 g/kg body weight/day) on time-to-discharge alive from the hospital (TTDA) and 60-day mortality and in different subgroups in critically ill patients with AKI as defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria within 7 days of ICU admission. The associations of protein dose with incidence and duration of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) were also investigated.

Results
Of the 1329 randomized patients, 312 developed AKI and were included in this analysis (163 in the high and 149 in the usual protein dose group). High protein was associated with a slower time-to-discharge alive from the hospital (TTDA) (hazard ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.8) and higher 60-day mortality (relative risk 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8). Effect modification was not statistically significant for any subgroup, and no subgroups suggested a beneficial effect of higher protein, although the harmful effect of higher protein target appeared to disappear in patients who received kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Protein dose was not significantly associated with the incidence of AKI and KRT or duration of KRT.

Conclusions
In critically ill patients with AKI, high protein may be associated with worse outcomes in all AKI stages. Recommendation of higher protein dosing in AKI patients should be carefully re-evaluated to avoid potential harmful effects especially in patients who were not treated with KRT.

Trial registration: This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03160547) on May 17th 2017.
KW  - acute kidney injury
KW  - critical illness
KW  - nutrition support
KW  - protein
KW  - randomized trial
KW  - registry trial
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-357221
VL  - 27
ER  -