TY  - JOUR
A1  - Czysch, Christian
A1  - Medina‐Montano, Carolina
A1  - Zhong, Zifu
A1  - Fuchs, Alexander
A1  - Stickdorn, Judith
A1  - Winterwerber, Pia
A1  - Schmitt, Sascha
A1  - Deswarte, Kim
A1  - Raabe, Marco
A1  - Scherger, Maximilian
A1  - Combes, Francis
A1  - De Vrieze, Jana
A1  - Kasmi, Sabah
A1  - Sandners, Niek N.
A1  - Lienenklaus, Stefan
A1  - Koynov, Kaloian
A1  - Räder, Hans‐Joachim
A1  - Lambrecht, Bart N.
A1  - David, Sunil A.
A1  - Bros, Matthias
A1  - Schild, Hansjörg
A1  - Grabbe, Stephan
A1  - De Geest, Bruno G.
A1  - Nuhn, Lutz
T1  - Transient Lymph Node Immune Activation by Hydrolysable Polycarbonate Nanogels
JF  - Advanced Functional Materials
N2  - The development of controlled biodegradable materials is of fundamental importance in immunodrug delivery to spatiotemporally controlled immune stimulation but avoid systemic inflammatory side effects. Based on this, polycarbonate nanogels are developed as degradable micellar carriers for transient immunoactivation of lymph nodes. An imidazoquinoline‐type TLR7/8 agonist is covalently conjugated via reactive ester chemistry to these nanocarriers. The nanogels not only provide access to complete disintegration by the hydrolysable polymer backbone, but also demonstrate a gradual disintegration within several days at physiological conditions (PBS, pH 6.4–7.4, 37 °C). These intrinsic properties limit the lifetime of the carriers but their payload can still be successfully leveraged for immunological studies in vitro on primary immune cells as well as in vivo. For the latter, a spatiotemporal control of immune cell activation in the draining lymph node is found after subcutaneous injection. Overall, these features render polycarbonate nanogels a promising delivery system for transient activation of the immune system in lymph nodes and may consequently become very attractive for further development toward vaccination or cancer immunotherapy. Due to the intrinsic biodegradability combined with the high chemical control during the manufacturing process, these polycarbonate‐based nanogels may also be of great importance for clinical translation.
KW  - biodegradable
KW  - immunodrug delivery
KW  - lymph nodes
KW  - nanogels
KW  - polycarbonates
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287255
VL  - 32
IS  - 35
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hepbasli, Denis
A1  - Gredy, Sina
A1  - Ullrich, Melanie
A1  - Reigl, Amelie
A1  - Abeßer, Marco
A1  - Raabe, Thomas
A1  - Schuh, Kai
T1  - Genotype- and Age-Dependent Differences in Ultrasound Vocalizations of SPRED2 Mutant Mice Revealed by Machine Deep Learning
JF  - Brain Sciences
N2  - Vocalization is an important part of social communication, not only for humans but also for mice. Here, we show in a mouse model that functional deficiency of Sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing 2 (SPRED2), a protein ubiquitously expressed in the brain, causes differences in social ultrasound vocalizations (USVs), using an uncomplicated and reliable experimental setting of a short meeting of two individuals. SPRED2 mutant mice show an OCD-like behaviour, accompanied by an increased release of stress hormones from the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, both factors probably influencing USV usage. To determine genotype-related differences in USV usage, we analyzed call rate, subtype profile, and acoustic parameters (i.e., duration, bandwidth, and mean peak frequency) in young and old SPRED2-KO mice. We recorded USVs of interacting male and female mice, and analyzed the calls with the deep-learning DeepSqueak software, which was trained to recognize and categorize the emitted USVs. Our findings provide the first classification of SPRED2-KO vs. wild-type mouse USVs using neural networks and reveal significant differences in their development and use of calls. Our results show, first, that simple experimental settings in combination with deep learning are successful at identifying genotype-dependent USV usage and, second, that SPRED2 deficiency negatively affects the vocalization usage and social communication of mice.
KW  - SPRED
KW  - SPRED2
KW  - mice
KW  - neural networks
KW  - ultrasound vocalizations
KW  - DeepSqueak
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-248525
SN  - 2076-3425
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
ER  -