TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bowler, Diana E.
A1  - Bjorkman, Anne D.
A1  - Dornelas, Maria
A1  - Myers‐Smith, Isla H.
A1  - Navarro, Laetitia M.
A1  - Niamir, Aidin
A1  - Supp, Sarah R.
A1  - Waldock, Conor
A1  - Winter, Marten
A1  - Vellend, Mark
A1  - Blowes, Shane A.
A1  - Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin
A1  - Bruelheide, Helge
A1  - Elahi, Robin
A1  - Antão, Laura H.
A1  - Hines, Jes
A1  - Isbell, Forest
A1  - Jones, Holly P.
A1  - Magurran, Anne E.
A1  - Cabral, Juliano Sarmento
A1  - Bates, Amanda E.
T1  - Mapping human pressures on biodiversity across the planet uncovers anthropogenic threat complexes
JF  - People and Nature
N2  - Climate change and other anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity change are unequally distributed across the world. Overlap in the distributions of different drivers have important implications for biodiversity change attribution and the potential for interactive effects. However, the spatial relationships among different drivers and whether they differ between the terrestrial and marine realm has yet to be examined.

We compiled global gridded datasets on climate change, land‐use, resource exploitation, pollution, alien species potential and human population density. We used multivariate statistics to examine the spatial relationships among the drivers and to characterize the typical combinations of drivers experienced by different regions of the world.

We found stronger positive correlations among drivers in the terrestrial than in the marine realm, leading to areas with high intensities of multiple drivers on land. Climate change tended to be negatively correlated with other drivers in the terrestrial realm (e.g. in the tundra and boreal forest with high climate change but low human use and pollution), whereas the opposite was true in the marine realm (e.g. in the Indo‐Pacific with high climate change and high fishing).

We show that different regions of the world can be defined by Anthropogenic Threat Complexes (ATCs), distinguished by different sets of drivers with varying intensities. We identify 11 ATCs that can be used to test hypotheses about patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem change, especially about the joint effects of multiple drivers.

Our global analysis highlights the broad conservation priorities needed to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic change, with different priorities emerging on land and in the ocean, and in different parts of the world.
KW  - Anthropocene
KW  - biodiversity threats
KW  - direct drivers
KW  - global change
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213634
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
SP  - 380
EP  - 394
ER  -