TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tamihardja, Jörg
A1  - Cirsi, Sinan
A1  - Kessler, Patrick
A1  - Razinskas, Gary
A1  - Exner, Florian
A1  - Richter, Anne
A1  - Polat, Bülent
A1  - Flentje, Michael
T1  - Cone beam CT-based dose accumulation and analysis of delivered dose to the dominant intraprostatic lesion in primary radiotherapy of prostate cancer
JF  - Radiation Oncology
N2  - Background
Evaluation of delivered dose to the dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) for moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy of prostate cancer by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based dose accumulation and target coverage analysis.

Methods
Twenty-three patients with localized prostate cancer treated with moderately hypofractionated prostate radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) between December 2016 and February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Included patients were required to have an identifiable DIL on bi-parametric planning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). After import into the RayStation treatment planning system and application of a step-wise density override, the fractional doses were computed on each CBCT and were consecutively mapped onto the planning CT via a deformation vector field derived from deformable image registration. Fractional doses were accumulated for all CBCTs and interpolated for missing CBCTs, resulting in the delivered dose for PTV\(_{DIL}\), PTV\(_{Boost}\), PTV, and the organs at risk. The location of the index lesions was recorded according to the sector map of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) Version 2.1. Target coverage of the index lesions was evaluated and stratified for location.

Results
In total, 338 CBCTs were available for analysis. Dose accumulation target coverage of PTV\(_{DIL}\), PTV\(_{Boost}\), and PTV was excellent and no cases of underdosage in D\(_{Mean}\), D_95%, D_02%, and D_98% could be detected. Delivered rectum D\(_{Mean}\) did not significantly differ from the planned dose. Bladder mean DMean was higher than planned with 19.4 ± 7.4 Gy versus 18.8 ± 7.5 Gy, p < 0.001. The penile bulb showed a decreased delivered mean DMean with 29.1 ± 14.0 Gy versus 29.8 ± 14.4 Gy, p < 0.001. Dorsal DILs, defined as DILs in the posterior medial peripheral zone of the prostate, showed a significantly lower delivered dose with a mean DMean difference of 2.2 Gy (95% CI 1.3–3.1 Gy, p < 0.001) compared to ventral lesions.

Conclusions
CBCT-based dose accumulation showed an adequate delivered dose to the dominant intraprostatic lesion and organs at risk within planning limits. Cautious evaluation of the target coverage for index lesions adjacent to the rectum is warranted to avoid underdosage.
KW  - adaptive radiotherapy
KW  - deformable image registration
KW  - dominant intraprostatic lesion
KW  - dose accumulation
KW  - prostate cancer
KW  - prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265656
VL  - 16
ER  -