TY - JOUR A1 - Andelovic, Kristina A1 - Winter, Patrick A1 - Kampf, Thomas A1 - Xu, Anton A1 - Jakob, Peter Michael A1 - Herold, Volker A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang Rudolf A1 - Zernecke, Alma T1 - 2D Projection Maps of WSS and OSI Reveal Distinct Spatiotemporal Changes in Hemodynamics in the Murine Aorta during Ageing and Atherosclerosis JF - Biomedicines N2 - Growth, ageing and atherosclerotic plaque development alter the biomechanical forces acting on the vessel wall. However, monitoring the detailed local changes in wall shear stress (WSS) at distinct sites of the murine aortic arch over time has been challenging. Here, we studied the temporal and spatial changes in flow, WSS, oscillatory shear index (OSI) and elastic properties of healthy wildtype (WT, n = 5) and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe\(^{−/−}\), n = 6) mice during ageing and atherosclerosis using high-resolution 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Spatially resolved 2D projection maps of WSS and OSI of the complete aortic arch were generated, allowing the pixel-wise statistical analysis of inter- and intragroup hemodynamic changes over time and local correlations between WSS, pulse wave velocity (PWV), plaque and vessel wall characteristics. The study revealed converse differences of local hemodynamic profiles in healthy WT and atherosclerotic Apoe\(^{−/−}\) mice, and we identified the circumferential WSS as potential marker of plaque size and composition in advanced atherosclerosis and the radial strain as a potential marker for vascular elasticity. Two-dimensional (2D) projection maps of WSS and OSI, including statistical analysis provide a powerful tool to monitor local aortic hemodynamics during ageing and atherosclerosis. The correlation of spatially resolved hemodynamics and plaque characteristics could significantly improve our understanding of the impact of hemodynamics on atherosclerosis, which may be key to understand plaque progression towards vulnerability. KW - atherosclerosis KW - mouse KW - 4D flow MRI KW - aortic arch KW - flow dynamics KW - WSS KW - mapping KW - PWV KW - plaque characteristics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-252164 SN - 2227-9059 VL - 9 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blömer, Nadja A1 - Pachel, Christina A1 - Hofmann, Urlich A1 - Nordbeck, Peter A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang A1 - Mathes, Denise A1 - Frey, Anna A1 - Bayer, Barbara A1 - Vogel, Benjamin A1 - Ertl, Georg T1 - 5-Lipoxygenase facilitates healing after myocardial infarction JF - Basic Research in Cardiology N2 - Early healing after myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by a strong inflammatory reaction. Most leukotrienes are pro-inflammatory and are therefore potential mediators of healing and remodeling after myocardial ischemia. The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) has a key role in the transformation of arachidonic acid in leukotrienes. Thus, we tested the effect of 5-LOX on healing after MI. After chronic coronary artery ligation, early mortality was significantly increased in 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) when compared to matching wildtype (WT) mice due to left ventricular rupture. This effect could be reproduced in mice treated with the 5-LOX inhibitor Zileuton. A perfusion mismatch due to the vasoactive potential of leukotrienes is not responsible for left ventricular rupture since local blood flow assessed by magnetic resonance perfusion measurements was not different. However, after MI, there was an accentuation of the inflammatory reaction with an increase of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Yet, mortality was not changed in chimeric mice (WT vs. 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) bone marrow in 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) animals), indicating that an altered function of 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) inflammatory cells is not responsible for the phenotype. Collagen production and accumulation of fibroblasts were significantly reduced in 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) mice in vivo after MI. This might be due to an impaired migration of 5-LOX\(^{−/−}\) fibroblasts, as shown in vitro to serum. In conclusion, a lack or inhibition of 5-LOX increases mortality after MI because of healing defects. This is not mediated by a change in local blood flow, but through an altered inflammation and/or fibroblast function. KW - lipoxygenase KW - myocardial infarction KW - extracellular matrix remodeling KW - inflammation Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-132602 VL - 108 IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Prantl, Thomas A1 - Zeck, Timo A1 - Bauer, Andre A1 - Ten, Peter A1 - Prantl, Dominik A1 - Yahya, Ala Eddine Ben A1 - Ifflaender, Lukas A1 - Dmitrienko, Alexandra A1 - Krupitzer, Christian A1 - Kounev, Samuel T1 - A Survey on Secure Group Communication Schemes With Focus on IoT Communication JF - IEEE Access N2 - A key feature for Internet of Things (IoT) is to control what content is available to each user. To handle this access management, encryption schemes can be used. Due to the diverse usage of encryption schemes, there are various realizations of 1-to-1, 1-to-n, and n-to-n schemes in the literature. This multitude of encryption methods with a wide variety of properties presents developers with the challenge of selecting the optimal method for a particular use case, which is further complicated by the fact that there is no overview of existing encryption schemes. To fill this gap, we envision a cryptography encyclopedia providing such an overview of existing encryption schemes. In this survey paper, we take a first step towards such an encyclopedia by creating a sub-encyclopedia for secure group communication (SGC) schemes, which belong to the n-to-n category. We extensively surveyed the state-of-the-art and classified 47 different schemes. More precisely, we provide (i) a comprehensive overview of the relevant security features, (ii) a set of relevant performance metrics, (iii) a classification for secure group communication schemes, and (iv) workflow descriptions of the 47 schemes. Moreover, we perform a detailed performance and security evaluation of the 47 secure group communication schemes. Based on this evaluation, we create a guideline for the selection of secure group communication schemes. KW - Internet of Things KW - encryption KW - secure group communication Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300257 VL - 10 SP - 99944 EP - 99962 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herold, Volker A1 - Herz, Stefan A1 - Winter, Patrick A1 - Gutjahr, Fabian Tobias A1 - Andelovic, Kristina A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang Rudolf A1 - Jakob, Peter Michael T1 - Assessment of local pulse wave velocity distribution in mice using k-t BLAST PC-CMR with semi-automatic area segmentation. JF - Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance N2 - Background: Local aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a measure for vascular stiffness and has a predictive value for cardiovascular events. Ultra high field CMR scanners allow the quantification of local PWV in mice, however these systems are yet unable to monitor the distribution of local elasticities. Methods: In the present study we provide a new accelerated method to quantify local aortic PWV in mice with phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (PC-CMR) at 17.6 T. Based on a k-t BLAST (Broad-use Linear Acquisition Speed-up Technique) undersampling scheme, total measurement time could be reduced by a factor of 6. The fast data acquisition enables to quantify the local PWV at several locations along the aortic blood vessel based on the evaluation of local temporal changes in blood flow and vessel cross sectional area. To speed up post processing and to eliminate operator bias, we introduce a new semi-automatic segmentation algorithm to quantify cross-sectional areas of the aortic vessel. The new methods were applied in 10 eight-month-old mice (4 C57BL/6J-mice and 6 ApoE\(^{(-/-)}\)-mice) at 12 adjacent locations along the abdominal aorta. Results: Accelerated data acquisition and semi-automatic post-processing delivered reliable measures for the local PWV, similiar to those obtained with full data sampling and manual segmentation. No statistically significant differences of the mean values could be detected for the different measurement approaches. Mean PWV values were elevated for the ApoE\(^{(-/-)}\)-group compared to the C57BL/6J-group (3.5 ± 0.7 m/s vs. 2.2 ± 0.4 m/s, p < 0.01). A more heterogeneous PWV-distribution in the ApoE \(^{(-/-)}\)-animals could be observed compared to the C57BL/6J-mice, representing the local character of lesion development in atherosclerosis. Conclusion: In the present work, we showed that k-t BLAST PC-MRI enables the measurement of the local PWV distribution in the mouse aorta. The semi-automatic segmentation method based on PC-CMR data allowed rapid determination of local PWV. The findings of this study demonstrate the ability of the proposed methods to non-invasively quantify the spatial variations in local PWV along the aorta of ApoE\(^{(-/-)}\)-mice as a relevant model of atherosclerosis. KW - pulse wave velocity KW - ApoE\(^{(-/-)}\) KW - magnetic resonance imaging KW - phase contrast Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-157696 VL - 19 IS - 77 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Manchia, Mirko A1 - Adli, Mazda A1 - Akula, Nirmala A1 - Arda, Raffaella A1 - Aubry, Jean-Michel A1 - Backlund, Lena A1 - Banzato, Claudio E. M. A1 - Baune, Bernhard T. A1 - Bellivier, Frank A1 - Bengesser, Susanne A1 - Biernacka, Joanna M. A1 - Brichant-Petitjean, Clara A1 - Bui, Elise A1 - Calkin, Cynthia V. A1 - Cheng, Andrew Tai Ann A1 - Chillotti, Caterina A1 - Cichon, Sven A1 - Clark, Scott A1 - Czerski, Piotr M. A1 - Dantas, Clarissa A1 - Del Zompo, Maria A1 - DePaulo, J. Raymond A1 - Detera-Wadleigh, Sevilla D. A1 - Etain, Bruno A1 - Falkai, Peter A1 - Frisén, Louise A1 - Frye, Mark A. A1 - Fullerton, Jan A1 - Gard, Sébastien A1 - Garnham, Julie A1 - Goes, Fernando S. A1 - Grof, Paul A1 - Gruber, Oliver A1 - Hashimoto, Ryota A1 - Hauser, Joanna A1 - Heilbronner, Urs A1 - Hoban, Rebecca A1 - Hou, Liping A1 - Jamain, Stéphane A1 - Kahn, Jean-Pierre A1 - Kassem, Layla A1 - Kato, Tadafumi A1 - Kelsoe, John R. A1 - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah A1 - Kliwicki, Sebastian A1 - Kuo, Po-Hsiu A1 - Kusumi, Ichiro A1 - Laje, Gonzalo A1 - Lavebratt, Catharina A1 - Leboyer, Marion A1 - Leckband, Susan G. A1 - López Jaramillo, Carlos A. A1 - Maj, Mario A1 - Malafosse, Alain A1 - Martinsson, Lina A1 - Masui, Takuya A1 - Mitchell, Philip B. A1 - Mondimore, Frank A1 - Monteleone, Palmiero A1 - Nallet, Audrey A1 - Neuner, Maria A1 - Novák, Tomás A1 - O'Donovan, Claire A1 - Ösby, Urban A1 - Ozaki, Norio A1 - Perlis, Roy H. A1 - Pfennig, Andrea A1 - Potash, James B. A1 - Reich-Erkelenz, Daniela A1 - Reif, Andreas A1 - Reininghaus, Eva A1 - Richardson, Sara A1 - Rouleau, Guy A. A1 - Rybakowski, Janusz K. A1 - Schalling, Martin A1 - Schofield, Peter R. A1 - Schubert, Oliver K. A1 - Schweizer, Barbara A1 - Seemüller, Florian A1 - Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria A1 - Severino, Giovanni A1 - Seymour, Lisa R. A1 - Slaney, Claire A1 - Smoller, Jordan W. A1 - Squassina, Alessio A1 - Stamm, Thomas A1 - Steele, Jo A1 - Stopkova, Pavla A1 - Tighe, Sarah K. A1 - Tortorella, Alfonso A1 - Turecki, Gustavo A1 - Wray, Naomi R. A1 - Wright, Adam A1 - Zandi, Peter P. A1 - Zilles, David A1 - Bauer, Michael A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - McMahon, Francis J. A1 - Schulze, Thomas G. A1 - Alda, Martin T1 - Assessment of Response to Lithium Maintenance Treatment in Bipolar Disorder: A Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) Report JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Objective: The assessment of response to lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder (BD) is complicated by variable length of treatment, unpredictable clinical course, and often inconsistent compliance. Prospective and retrospective methods of assessment of lithium response have been proposed in the literature. In this study we report the key phenotypic measures of the "Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder" scale currently used in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) study. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine ConLiGen sites took part in a two-stage case-vignette rating procedure to examine inter-rater agreement [Kappa (\(\kappa\))] and reliability [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)] of lithium response. Annotated first-round vignettes and rating guidelines were circulated to expert research clinicians for training purposes between the two stages. Further, we analyzed the distributional properties of the treatment response scores available for 1,308 patients using mixture modeling. Results: Substantial and moderate agreement was shown across sites in the first and second sets of vignettes (\(\kappa\) = 0.66 and \(\kappa\) = 0.54, respectively), without significant improvement from training. However, definition of response using the A score as a quantitative trait and selecting cases with B criteria of 4 or less showed an improvement between the two stages (\(ICC_1 = 0.71\) and \(ICC_2 = 0.75\), respectively). Mixture modeling of score distribution indicated three subpopulations (full responders, partial responders, non responders). Conclusions: We identified two definitions of lithium response, one dichotomous and the other continuous, with moderate to substantial inter-rater agreement and reliability. Accurate phenotypic measurement of lithium response is crucial for the ongoing ConLiGen pharmacogenomic study. KW - age KW - observer agreement KW - prophylactic lithium KW - mapping susceptibility genes KW - mood disorders KW - onset KW - association KW - reliability KW - morality KW - illness Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130938 VL - 8 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nordbeck, Peter A1 - Beer, Meinrad A1 - Köstler, Herbert A1 - Ladd, Mark E. A1 - Quick, Harald H. A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang R. A1 - Ritter, Oliver T1 - Cardiac catheter ablation under real-time magnetic resonance guidance JF - European Heart Journal N2 - One of the main shortcomings of interventional electrophysiology (EP) is its inability to generate sufficient soft tissue contrast for intra-procedural visualization of the myocardium and the surrounding tissue, using conventional imaging techniques. Interventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aims at bringing about significant improvements to the complex and decisive EP interventions far beyond the capabilities of currently available supportive imaging techniques used to surmount the drawbacks of fluoroscopy, as MRI not only allows of precise three-dimensional exposure of the cardiovascular morphology, but also proves to be a promising technique exclusively suitable for direct visualization of arrhythmogenic substrate and therapeutic effects. The major challenge posed by clinical … KW - magnetic resonance Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125638 VL - 33 IS - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Forchert, Leandra A1 - Potapova, Ekaterina A1 - Panetta, Valentina A1 - Dramburg, Stephanie A1 - Perna, Serena A1 - Posa, Daniela A1 - Resch‐Marat, Yvonne A1 - Lupinek, Christian A1 - Rohrbach, Alexander A1 - Grabenhenrich, Linus A1 - Icke, Katja A1 - Bauer, Carl‐Peter A1 - Hoffman, Ute A1 - Forster, Johannes A1 - Zepp, Fred A1 - Schuster, Antje A1 - Wahn, Ulrich A1 - Keil, Thomas A1 - Lau, Susanne A1 - Vrtala, Susanne A1 - Valenta, Rudolf A1 - Matricardi, Paolo Maria T1 - Der p 23‐specific IgE response throughout childhood and its association with allergic disease: A birth cohort study JF - Pediatric Allergy and Immunology N2 - Background The Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus molecule Der p 23 is a major allergen whose clinical relevance has been shown in cross‐sectional studies. We longitudinally analysed the trajectory of Der p 23‐specific IgE antibody (sIgE) levels throughout childhood and youth, their early‐life determinants and their clinical relevance for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Methods We obtained sera and clinical data of 191 participants of the German Multicentre Allergy Study, a prospective birth cohort. Serum samples from birth to 20 years of age with sIgE reactivity to Der p 23 in a customised semiquantitative microarray were newly analysed with a singleplex quantitative assay. Early mite exposure was assessed by measuring the average content of Der p 1 in house dust at 6 and 18 months. Results Der p 23‐sIgE levels were detected at least once in 97/191 participants (51%). Prevalence of Der p 23 sensitisation and mean sIgE levels increased until age 10 years, plateaued until age 13 years and were lowest at age 20 years. Asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and atopic dermatitis (AD) were more prevalent in Der p 23‐sensitised children, including those with monomolecular but persistent sensitisation (11/97, 11%). A higher exposure to mites in infancy and occurrence of AD before 5 years of age preceded the onset of Der p 23 sensitisation, which in turn preceded a higher incidence of asthma. Conclusions Der p 23 sensitisation peaks in late childhood and then decreases. It is preceded by early mite exposure and AD. Asthma and AR can occur in patients persistently sensitised to Der p 23 as the only mite allergen, suggesting the inclusion of molecular testing of Der p 23‐sIgE for subjects with clinical suspicion of HDM allergy but without sIgE to other major D.pt. allergens. KW - asthma KW - birth cohort KW - childhood KW - Der p 23 KW - house dust mite allergy KW - IgE Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287181 VL - 33 IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiter, Theresa A1 - Gensler, Daniel A1 - Ritter, Oliver A1 - Weiss, Ingo A1 - Geistert, Wolfgang A1 - Kaufmann, Ralf A1 - Hoffmeister, Sabine A1 - Friedrich, Michael T. A1 - Wintzheimer, Stefan A1 - Düring, Markus A1 - Nordbeck, Peter A1 - Jakob, Peter M. A1 - Ladd, Mark E. A1 - Quick, Harald H. A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang R. T1 - Direct cooling of the catheter tip increases safety for CMR-guided electrophysiological procedures JF - Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance N2 - Background: One of the safety concerns when performing electrophysiological (EP) procedures under magnetic resonance (MR) guidance is the risk of passive tissue heating due to the EP catheter being exposed to the radiofrequency (RF) field of the RF transmitting body coil. Ablation procedures that use catheters with irrigated tips are well established therapeutic options for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and when used in a modified mode might offer an additional system for suppressing passive catheter heating. Methods: A two-step approach was chosen. Firstly, tests on passive catheter heating were performed in a 1.5 T Avanto system (Siemens Healthcare Sector, Erlangen, Germany) using a ASTM Phantom in order to determine a possible maximum temperature rise. Secondly, a phantom was designed for simulation of the interface between blood and the vascular wall. The MR-RF induced temperature rise was simulated by catheter tip heating via a standard ablation generator. Power levels from 1 to 6 W were selected. Ablation duration was 120 s with no tip irrigation during the first 60 s and irrigation at rates from 2 ml/min to 35 ml/min for the remaining 60 s (Biotronik Qiona Pump, Berlin, Germany). The temperature was measured with fluoroscopic sensors (Luxtron, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) at a distance of 0 mm, 2 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm from the catheter tip. Results: A maximum temperature rise of 22.4 degrees C at the catheter tip was documented in the MR scanner. This temperature rise is equivalent to the heating effect of an ablator's power output of 6 W at a contact force of the weight of 90 g (0.883 N). The catheter tip irrigation was able to limit the temperature rise to less than 2 degrees C for the majority of examined power levels, and for all examined power levels the residual temperature rise was less than 8 degrees C. Conclusion: Up to a maximum of 22.4 degrees C, the temperature rise at the tissue surface can be entirely suppressed by using the catheter's own irrigation system. The irrigated tip system can be used to increase MR safety of EP catheters by suppressing the effects of unwanted passive catheter heating due to RF exposure from the MR scanner. KW - EP Procedures KW - radiofrequency ablation KW - contact force KW - lesion size KW - MRI KW - temperature KW - tissue KW - wires KW - model KW - ablation KW - safety KW - catheter tip KW - MR guidance Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134927 VL - 14 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Andelovic, Kristina A1 - Winter, Patrick A1 - Jakob, Peter Michael A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang Rudolf A1 - Herold, Volker A1 - Zernecke, Alma T1 - Evaluation of plaque characteristics and inflammation using magnetic resonance imaging JF - Biomedicines N2 - Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries, characterized by the growth of atherosclerotic lesions (plaques). These plaques often develop at inner curvatures of arteries, branchpoints, and bifurcations, where the endothelial wall shear stress is low and oscillatory. In conjunction with other processes such as lipid deposition, biomechanical factors lead to local vascular inflammation and plaque growth. There is also evidence that low and oscillatory shear stress contribute to arterial remodeling, entailing a loss in arterial elasticity and, therefore, an increased pulse-wave velocity. Although altered shear stress profiles, elasticity and inflammation are closely intertwined and critical for plaque growth, preclinical and clinical investigations for atherosclerosis mostly focus on the investigation of one of these parameters only due to the experimental limitations. However, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to be a potent tool which can be used to provide insights into a large range of biological parameters in one experimental session. It enables the evaluation of the dynamic process of atherosclerotic lesion formation without the need for harmful radiation. Flow-sensitive MRI provides the assessment of hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress and pulse wave velocity which may replace invasive and radiation-based techniques for imaging of the vascular function and the characterization of early plaque development. In combination with inflammation imaging, the analyses and correlations of these parameters could not only significantly advance basic preclinical investigations of atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression, but also the diagnostic clinical evaluation for early identification of high-risk plaques, which are prone to rupture. In this review, we summarize the key applications of magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of plaque characteristics through flow sensitive and morphological measurements. The simultaneous measurements of functional and structural parameters will further preclinical research on atherosclerosis and has the potential to fundamentally improve the detection of inflammation and vulnerable plaques in patients. KW - atherosclerosis KW - mouse models KW - wall shear stress KW - pulse wave velocity KW - arterial elasticity KW - inflammation KW - magnetic resonance imaging Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228839 SN - 2227-9059 VL - 9 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Winter, Patrick A1 - Kampf, Thomas A1 - Helluy, Xavier A1 - Gutjahr, Fabian T. A1 - Meyer, Cord B. A1 - Rommel, Eberhard A1 - Bauer, Wolfgang R. A1 - Jakob, Peter M. A1 - Herold, Volker T1 - Fast retrospectively triggered local pulse-wave velocity measurements in mice with CMR-microscopy using a radial trajectory JF - Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance N2 - Background The aortic pulse-wave velocity (PWV) is an important indicator of cardiovascular risk. In recent studies MRI methods have been developed to measure this parameter noninvasively in mice. Present techniques require additional hardware for cardiac and respiratory gating. In this work a robust self-gated measurement of the local PWV in mice without the need of triggering probes is proposed. Methods The local PWV of 6-months-old wild-type C57BL/6J mice (n=6) was measured in the abdominal aorta with a retrospectively triggered radial Phase Contrast (PC) MR sequence using the flow-area (QA) method. A navigator signal was extracted from the CMR data of highly asymmetric radial projections with short repetition time (TR=3 ms) and post-processed with high-pass and low-pass filters for retrospective cardiac and respiratory gating. The self-gating signal was used for a reconstruction of high-resolution Cine frames of the aortic motion. To assess the local PWV the volume flow Q and the cross-sectional area A of the aorta were determined. The results were compared with the values measured with a triggered Cartesian and an undersampled triggered radial PC-Cine sequence. Results In all examined animals a self-gating signal could be extracted and used for retrospective breath-gating and PC-Cine reconstruction. With the non-triggered measurement PWV values of 2.3±0.2 m/s were determined. These values are in agreement with those measured with the triggered Cartesian (2.4±0.2 m/s) and the triggered radial (2.3±0.2 m/s) measurement. Due to the strong robustness of the radial trajectory against undersampling an acceleration of more than two relative to the prospectively triggered Cartesian sampling could be achieved with the retrospective method. Conclusion With the radial flow-encoding sequence the extraction of a self-gating signal is feasible. The retrospective method enables a robust and fast measurement of the local PWV without the need of additional trigger hardware. KW - pulse-wave velocity KW - mouse KW - self-gating KW - phase-contrast CMR KW - non-triggered KW - retrospective KW - radial KW - aorta Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-96602 UR - http://jcmr-online.com/content/15/1/88 ER -